词汇学练习题

1、1. Inflectional affixes are those affixes that are attached to the end of words to indicate .A. lexical relationships B. grammatical relationships C. functional relationships D. syntax structure答案：B解析：（P41）词缀按照其功能可以分成两类：屈折词缀和派生词缀。屈折词缀是加在词的结尾 表示语法关系的词缀，而派生词缀是和其他词素连接，生成新词的词缀。2. Which of the following

2、statements is NOT correct?A. A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound. B. A grapheme is the smallest unit of writing.C. A sememe is the smallest unit of meaning. D. A morpheme is the smallest unit of a word.答案：D解析：（P38）词素是最小的、有意义的语言单位。换句话说，词素是“在词语的构成中最小的、起作用的语言单位”。3. Which of the following is a case

3、of suffixation? A. Hemisphere .B. Attempt .C. NATO. D. Respondent.答案：D 解析：（P4849）后缀法（suffixation）指的是通过给词干（stems）加后缀而形成新词的方 法。题目中的“respondent”意为“应答者；被告”，是由respond通过增添后缀形成的。 “hemisphere”是通过前缀法（prefixation）形成的；“NATO”是首字母拼音词（acronym）； “attempt”是通过转类法形成的。4. The characteristic of native words is . A. neut

4、ral in style B. formal in style C. informal in style D. slangy in style 答案：A 解析：（P17）和外来语词不同的是，本族语词具有“文体中性”和“使用频繁”的特点。5. _explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.A. Etymological motivation B. Semantic motivation C. Morphological motivation D. Onomatopoeic m

5、otivation答案：B解析：（P85）语义理据指的是由词的概念意义激发出的对词的相关联想，它可以解释词的字面 意义和比喻意义的联系。6. The differences between synonyms boil down to the three areas: .A. denotation,connotation and intensityB. connotation,intensity and applicationC. denotation,connotation and application D. connotation,implication and application答案

6、：C解析：（P107110）同义词之间的差异主要表现在以下几个方面：外延（denotation），内涵（connotation），以及各自的应用（application）。7. Antonyms are often used in proverbs to _A. form antithesis to achieve emphasis B. express ideas easily C. form metaphors D. express ideas economically答案：A 解析：（P116）反义词（antonyms）常常被放置在一起形成对偶（antithesis）,以此起到强调 的作

7、用。许多格言、谚语都有此特征，例如：more haste,less speed（欲速则不达）。8. The sentence He is a big wheel. means .A. he has a big circle B. his legs are long C. his car has big wheels D. he is a very important person 答案D解析：（P174175）题目中的“big wheel”是个习语，意思是“重要的人物”，多用于口语。9. According to the textbook,the best-known unabridged d

8、ictionary is .A. The Word Book Dictionary B. The Encyclopedia Americana C. Websters New World Dictionary D. Websters Third New International Dictionary答案：D解析：(P186) 最具知名度的一本完整版大词典是韦伯斯特新世界词典（第三版），它拥有 词条450,000个10. Which of the following can be said about a British dictionary?A. It is always better th

9、an an American dictionary. B. One can always expect to find American usages in it.C. One can never expect to find American usages in it. D. It tends to include more grammatical information.答案：D （P190）与英国的词典相比，美国的词典包含更多百科全书的知识。英国词典，尤其是学 生词典，所含语法信息较多。11. The introduction of _ had a great impact on the

10、 English vocabulary.A. Hinduism B. Christianity C. Buddhism D. Islam答案：B 解析：（P25）基督教（Christianity）的引入对英语的词汇影响很大，带来了诸如abbot（修道 院院长），candle（蜡烛），altar（圣坛）等词汇。12. _is the result of human cognition,reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. Reference B. Concept C. Sense D. Context 答案：B 解析：（P82）概

11、念(concept)超越了语言本身，它是人们认知行为的结果，是客观世界在人脑中 的反映。13. It is noticeable that _ overlaps with stylistic and affective meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations. A. conceptual meaning B. grammatical meaning C. lexical meaning D. collocative meanin

12、g答案：D 解析：（P92）搭配意义是在一个词与另外的词进行搭配时产生的意义。它的意义由在其前后和 其搭配的词体现出来，这一点它和文体意义（stylistic meaning）和情感意义（affective meaning）产生了重合，因为后二者的意义在某种程度上也是靠其搭配词语来体现的。14. From a synchronic point of view,the word wifeexperienced the semantic change of .A. extension B. narrowing C. elevation D. degradation答案：B ：（P137）从共时性（

13、synchronic）角度来看，wife一词经历了意义的缩小；其原义为“妇 女”，缩小后的意义为“妻子”。15. Both LDCE and CCELD are_ A. general dictionaries B. monolingual dictionaries C. both A and B D. neither A nor B答案：B解析：（P185)朗文当代英文词典（LDCE）和科林斯英语词典（CCELD)在英国出版，两 者都是单语词典。16. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of _.

14、A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above答案：D解析：（P102）同音异形异义词（homophones）根据其自身发音的特点，可以用来制造一些特定 的文学效果，表达特殊的感情色彩，例如幽默、讽刺和嘲笑等。17. The prehistoric Indo-European language is thought to be a highly language.A. inflected B. derivative C. developed D. analytic答案：A 解析：（P23）史前的印欧语言和现代语言有很大的不同，前者是一种具有高

15、度屈折性的语言。18. Most English words can be said to be A. non-motivated B. Motivated C. Connected D. related答案：A 解析：（P83）理据（motivation）表示的是语言符号和其意义之间的关系。词的形式和其意义 之间的关系是约定俗成的，大多数的词都是非理据词（non-motivated）。19. Reference is the relationship between language and the A. speakers B. listeners C. world D. specific

16、country答案：C 解析：（P81）“所指”表示的是语言和客观世界之间的关系。通过“所指”，说话者才能将所 谈论的对象指明。20. Loud colours belongs to .A. transfer of sensations B. transfer between abstract meanings and concrete meaningsC. transfer from objective meanings to subjective meanings D. transfer from subjective meanings to objective meanings答案：A

17、解析：（P140141）语义转移是指原本指一种事物的词转而指代其他事物的语义变化现象。通 感语义转移（transfer of sensations/ sensational sense of transfer）涉及两种感觉之间 的语义转移，比如 “loud colors”的意思是“亮色”，涉及听觉和视觉之间的语义转移。21. The four major modes of semantic change are .A. extension,narrowing,elevation and degradation B. extension,generalization,elevation and

18、degradationC. extension,narrowing,specialization and degradation D. extension,elevation,amelioration and degradation答案：A 解析：（P135-139）词义变化主要有以下四种：词义的延伸（extension）、词义的缩小（narrowing）、词义的升华（elevation）和词义的降格（degradation）。22. Play fast and loose shows the feature of A. repetition B. reiteration C. Juxtapo

19、sition D. rhyme 答案：C （P174）并置（juxtaposition）是把不同的事物并列放置在一起（尤其是通常情况下不 会并列存在的事物），通过对其进行比较制造出新的效果。本题中“fast”和“loose”是一对 反义词，“play fast and loose”的意思是“行为轻率，反复无常”。23. The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT . A. ful B. wise C. less D. -ike答案：B 解析：（P49,P51）B项的-wise是副词后缀（adverb suffix),其他三项均是名词后缀（de

20、nominal suffixes)。24. AIDSis a(n) .A. initialism B. acronym C. compound D. derivative答案：B 解析：（P66）首字母拼音词（acronym)是首字母缩略词的一种，所不同的是，它所组成后的单 词仍可以按照一个正常词的读法来读。AIDS即为一例。25. The following are all examples of neologisms EXCEPT . A. chill out B. SARS C. futurology D. screw-driver答案：D 解析：（P15）D项“screw-driver

21、”的意思是“螺丝刀”，不属于新词的范畴，而其余三项则都 是新词。26. Which of the following is incorrect about Old English?A. Old English borrowed heavily from Latin and other languages. B. Old English has a vocabulary of 50,000 to 60,000.C. The English language from 450 to 1150 is referred to as Old English. D. Old English was mor

22、e inflected than Modern English.答案：A解析：（P2526）古英语的使用者从拉丁语和其他语言借用词语的现象并没有其后一段时期频 繁。因此，A项符合要求。27. Stylistic meaning refers to the features of of words. A. formality B. affectiveness C. appropriateness D. part of speech答案：A 解析：（P8889）文体意义（stylistic meaning)是指词语的正式程度（formality）。按照这 个分类，词语可以分为正式、非正式语、文言语

23、、古语和俚语等。28. Collocation can affect A. the meaning of words B. the structure of sentences C. the spelling of words D. the function of words答案：A （P91）搭配意义是指在一个句子中一个词受其临近的词的影响而产生的意义，这也就是 说搭配可以影响一个词的意义。29. The change of idiom from fortunes wheel to the wheel of fortune is A. replacement B. position-shif

24、ting C. addition D. shortening答案：B 解析：（P177）一些英语习语中的某个成分是可以被替换的，而且在替换的同时这个习语的意思 没有变化。fortunes wheel 和the wheel of fortune 虽然形式不同，但是意义没有区别。30. are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes.A. Contradictory terms B. Relative terms C. Contrary terms D. None of the above答案：C

25、解析：（P112） 对立反义词之间的差别可以通过在两个根本对立的意义之间的不同层级的意义 来体现，比如在old和young之间还有middle-aged这个层次。1. 31.The (_)approach in lexicological study is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as it exists at a given time. P97）synchronic2. 32.Content words are changing all the time whereas (_)words are stable. 答案：（P16）

26、functional3. 33.Contrary terms are (_)antonyms. 答案：（P115）gradable4. 34.Context can help eliminate ambiguity,provide clues for inferring word-meaning and give (_) of referents. （P156）indication5. 35.Linguistic dictionaries aim at (_)and explaining their usages in thelanguage. （P185）defining words6. 3

27、6.The relationship between sound and the meaning of a word is _答案：（P78）arbitrary7. 37.The same idiom may show differences when it is assigned different_ _meanings including affective meaning.P172）stylistic8. 38.In dictionaries,a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one_ whereas homonyms are

28、listed as separate entries.P102headword9. 39._ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two wordsor a word plus a part of another word（P63）Blending10. The pair of “queer” and “odd” can serve as an example of_答案：（P105）relative synonyms三、Define the following terms.(15%)1. 41.semantic change

29、 P31）Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.2. 42.suffixation（P48）Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems.3. 43.collocative meaning（P91）Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In o

30、ther words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion.4. 44.extension（P135）Extension of meaning, also known as generalization, is the name givento the widening of the meaning which some words undergo.5. 45.metonymy（P175）Metonymy refers to idioms in

31、 which the name of one thing is used forthat of another associated with it.四、1. Illustrate the difference of synchronic study and diachronic study of English lexicology with an example.答案：(P9698) The synchronic approach is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as it exists at a given time;it i

32、s the special descriptive lexicology that deals with the vocabulary and vocabulary units of a particular language at a certain time.The diachronic approach deals with the changes and the development ofvocabulary in the course of time;it is the special historical lexicology that deals with the evolut

33、ion of the vocabulary units of a language as time passes.From a synchronic point of view,the word wife,for example,now means “a married woman,especially in relation to her husband” without any consideration of the changes in the past.But if we take a diachronic perspective,we will consider the word

34、historically,looking into its origin and changes in form and meaning:the wordwife evolved from the Old English form “wif”,meaning “woman”,but later it became specialized in the course of development to the modern meaning “a married woman”.2. What is affective meaning? What are words with positive or

35、 negative emotive values used to denote?答案：（P8990）Affective meaning indicates the speakers attitude towards the person or thing in conversation.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative and pejorative type. Words of positive overtones are used to show appreciation or

36、the attitude of approval;those of negative connotations imply disapproval,contempt or criticism.3. What are the three areas to account for the difference between synonyms?Illustrate your points.答案：（P107110）(1)Difference in denotation. Synonyms may differ in the range and intensity of meaning.For exa

37、mple,of the pair “timid”and“timorous”,the former can mean a state of mind and the habitual disposition of a person, but the latter only means disposition. (2)Difference in connotation. By connotation we mean the stylistic and emotive coloring of words. Some words share the same denotation but differ

38、 in their stylistic appropriateness. For example, the words borrowed from French and Latin are more formal than native words.(3)Difference in application. Many words are synonymous in meaning but different in usage in simple terms.For example,we use “allow sb. to do sth.”and“let sb.do sth.”.4. Pleas

39、e illustrate the differences between American dictionaries and British dictionaries with examples.答案：（P190）There is a general difference between American dictionaries and British dictionaries.American dictionaries contain more encyclopedic information in the main body than British dictionaries,for e

40、xample,the names of people,places of historical interest and the like,whereas the British dictionaries,especially learners dictionaries,include more grammatical information.Generally speaking,one can find British usages in an American dictionary.As for American usages,users are advised to consult American dictionaries because chances are that such wo