2018版高考英语复习基础知识考点Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars课件新人教版.pptx

1、.高考单词识记思考运用 1.核心词汇,_ vi.& vt.乘；增加 _ vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落 _ vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽 _ vt.& vi.使浮动；使漂浮 n.漂浮物 _ vt.& vi.使迷惑；使为难 n.谜；难题,_ vi.生存；存在 existence n.存在；生存 _ adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 _ n.暴力 _ adj.有害的 _ n.& vt.伤害，损害 答案multiplycrashexhaustfloatpuzzle exist violent；violenceharmful；harm,2.常考词汇 unlike prep._ pull n.& vt._ g

2、entle adj._ thus adv._ mass n. _ gravity n._,fundamental adj._ fundament n._ religion n._religious adj._ biology n._biologist n._ biological adj._ physicist n._physics n._ extinct adj._extinction n._ 答案与不同；不像拉(力)；拖；牵引力温和的；文雅的 因此；于是质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众 万有引力；重力基本的；基础的基础，根本 宗教；宗教信仰宗教的生物学生物学家生物学的物理学家物理学灭绝的；绝

3、种的灭绝,用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.It can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in _ (exist).(2016全国，阅读C) 2.I began to learn this when I had my car _ (crash). (2016天津，阅读B) 3.One important _ (biology) factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women

4、.(2016四川，七选五),4.Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and _ (mass) of color. (2016全国，七选五) 5.Daydreams are often very simple and direct，quite _ (like) sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand. (2015北京，七选五) 6.However，_ (physics) Joseph West thinks there might

5、have been a simpler way.(2015四川，阅读E),7.Some experts think reading is the _ (fundament) skill upon which school education depends.(2015安徽，28) 8.There was a _ (puzzle) look on the little girls face because a _ (puzzle) problem _ (puzzle) her.,答案1.existence2.crashed 3.biological4.masses5.unlike 6.physi

6、cist7.fundamental8.puzzled；puzzling；puzzled,【联想积累】 “推，拉”家族 pull n.& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 draw vt.& vi.拖，拉 drag vt.& n.拖，拉，拽 push v.& n.推，推动(力),“碰、撞”家族 hit v.碰撞，打击 crash v.碰撞；坠落 bump n.& v.撞；碰撞(声) collide v.碰撞；相撞 collision n.撞击；碰撞 run into 撞上 knock into 撞上 knock together相撞,后缀-ist必备名词荟萃 archaeologist 考古学家bio

7、logist 生物学家 chemist 化学家physicist 物理学家 psychologist 心理学家specialist 专家 sociologist 社会学家scientist 科学家 typist 打字员tourist 旅游者，游客,.重点短语识记思考运用 1.动词介词/副词 cheer _ 感到高兴；感到振奋 depend _ 依靠；取决于 break _ 突发；爆发 block _ 挡住(光线) prevent._ 阻止；制止 答案uponoutout from,2.动词名词(介词) _ eggs 下蛋 _ birth to 产生；分娩 _ the hang of 熟悉；掌握

8、；理解 答案laygiveget,3.其他形式 _ that 既然 _ time 及时；终于 _ ones turn 轮到某人；接着 watch out _ 密切注意；当心；提防 答案nowininfor,用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空 1.The manager wants to see changes in the company，and I am sure he will _.(2013陕西，24) 2._！You must believe in yourself and you will get success. 3._ sharp bends and adjust your speed

9、 accordingly while driving.,4.Youd better come up with a good idea to _ her _，otherwise she may give up halfway. 5.A fierce fight _ between the two brothers just because of a small thing.,答案1.in time2.Cheer up 3.Watch out for4.cheer；up 5.broke out,【联想积累】 “动词from”短语一览 keep/stop/prevent.from阻止；制止 sepa

10、rate.from 把和分离开 differ from 与不同 suffer from 受苦 hear from 收到的来信 die from 因而死 learn from 向学习 result from 由于 date from 始于时期 benefit from受益于,.经典句式识记思考运用 原句背诵感悟 1.“Oh，dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” “天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。” 2.The earth became so

11、violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。,句型公式仿写 1.now that引导原因状语从句 _(既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣)，I thought this festival would be a worthwhile experience for you. (2015全国，书面表达) 2.whether.or not是否，引导名词性从句 She was in doubt_ (她是否正确).,答案1.Now that you are in

12、terested in traditional Chinese culture 2.whether she was right or not,【联想积累】 表示原因的连词(短语)小结 (1)now (that)相当于since，是连词短语，用来引导原因状语从句，口语中经常省略that。 (2)because因为(语气较重，常用于回答why引导的疑问句)。 (3)since因为；既然(可与now that互换)，as因为(语气较弱)。 (4)for因为(并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步的补充说明)。,单 词 点 睛,1.exist vi.存在，在于 教材原句They laid e

13、ggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 他们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。,高考必备词汇精讲精练,【特别提醒】exist没有被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。,单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用 You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing _ the money hes earning. Im lucky because I know my first home still exist. Ever since a long time ago，

14、_ (存在着) different opinions among scientists on how the universe first _ (存在). 答案onexistexiststhere have existed；existed/came into existence,2.puzzle n.谜；难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 教材原句How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. 地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。,

15、【特别提醒】puzzled意为“迷惑的，不解的”，往往用于指人或人的表情、脸色等；puzzling意为“令人迷惑的，让人不解的”，往往指物。 单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用 She gave me a hug and asked me to think about it.I was _ (puzzle).(2014天津，完形) The firemen were in puzzle about the cause of the fire. People have long _ (对感到困惑) how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.(2015四川，阅读E

16、) 答案puzzledpuzzle前加a(been) puzzled over/about/ been in a puzzle over/about,3.pull n.& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 教材原句As the rocket rose into the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity. 随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。,单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用 When they _

17、(pull) the carpet up in my old bedroom，they found the ring.(2013福建，阅读A) They were so deeply involved in the matter that they found it hard to pulling out. It was impossible for Joe to climb back or for Simon _ (把他拽上来).(2014全国，完形) 答案pulledpullingpullto pull him up,1.harmful adj.有害的；伤害的 教材原句What many

18、scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。,常考必会词汇理解辨认,单句语法填空/单句阅读理解(说出黑体部分的语义) Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are _ (harm)，it will hardly be a ple

19、asant surprise to people who dont like them.(2014福建，阅读E) These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing/doing serious harm to life and the environment. (2013安徽，书面表达) Smoking can be harmful to your health. 答案harmful对造成严重的破坏 对有害,2.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 教材原句The earth became

20、so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。,单句语法填空/单句阅读理解(说出黑体部分的语义) Anne says，“Kindness can build on itself as much as _ (violent) can.”(2014广东，阅读B) All in all，watching the violent movies not only has bad effects on peoples mental health，bu

21、t can also cause more hurts in our life. A violent storm hit the city last night，which caused a lot of damage. 答案violence暴力电影暴风雨,短 语 点 拨,1.in time 及时；终于；迟早 高考佳句We arrived in the summer，just in time to enjoy the midnight sun.(2014四川，阅读B) 我们夏季到达，恰好赶上欣赏午夜太阳的奇景。,单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用 Im writing this letter t

22、o express my apology to you for not writing you back _ time.(2013山东，书面表达) At no time they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them. As a proverb goes，“Where there is a will，there is a way.” Our efforts _ (迟早会有所回报).(2014山东，书面表达) 答案inthey前加didwill pay off in time,2.prevent.fro

23、m 阻止；制止 教材原句They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。,【特别提醒】 (1)在主动语态中，stop和prevent的搭配中可省去from；而keep.from doing sth中的from不可省略。 (2)在被动语态里，这三个搭配中的from均不可省略。,单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用 Beehives(蜂窝)

24、either recorded or realmay even prevent elephants from _ (damage) farmers crops.(2014安徽，阅读B) If you are prevented coming，will you let me know ahead of time? In that case，eat before the flight，or an empty stomach will _ (让你睡不着觉).(2015重庆，完形) 答案damagingprevented后加fromprevent/stop you (from) sleeping/keep you from sleeping,句 式 透 析,1.教材原句But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and