高考英语备考学易黄金易错点——专题05动词及动词短语（专题）（解析版）Word版含解析

1、专题5 动词及动词短语【易错雷区，步步为赢】1.(2015江苏，27)The university started some new language programs to cater the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt.答案for2.(2015江苏，29)The whole team count Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.解析句意：整个团队依靠Cristians Donald，他很少让他们失望。考查动词短语。count on依靠，指望。答案on3.(2015湖北，25)There i

2、s no doubt that this candidates advantage lies his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.解析句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能用英语与外国人沟通的能力。考查动词短语。lie in在于。答案in4.(2015湖北，26)Dont worry.Im sure your missing glasses will turn sooner or later.解析句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会找到的。考查动词短语。turn up出现；发生；开大；发现。答案up5.(2015陕西，

3、25)Peter will take his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.解析句意：彼得将会于下个月底就任他旅游公司负责人的职位。考查动词短语搭配。take up开始从事。答案up6.(2015天津，10)Tom had to turn the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.解析句意：因为太忙了，上周末汤姆不得不拒绝聚会的邀请。考查动词短语。turn down拒绝，符合语境。答案down7.(2015福建，

4、25)It is said that body language account 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.解析句意：据说，肢体语言占第一印象的55%，而语言只占7%。考查动词短语。 account for占比例。答案for8Not having promoted the new digital camera successfully，the company should _its original marketing methods.Aaccount for B.reflect o

5、nCwork outDcall up答案B9Hard work and lack of sleep have_her beauty and youth in recent years.Aworn out B.tried outCmade out D.sent out解析考查动词短语辨析。句意：最近10年的辛苦工作和缺少睡眠耗尽了她的美丽和青春年华。本句中的wear out表示“耗尽”。tried out尝试； made out辨认出，理解；sent out发送，发出，根据句意可知选A项。答案A10They are broadening the bridge to_the flow of tra

6、ffic.Aput offB.speed upCturn onDwork out解析考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们拓宽了大桥来加速交通的流畅。put off延期；speed up加速；turn on打开；work out解决，故选B项。答案B【名师点睛，易错起源】易错起源1、考查动词辨析 例1Much as he _he has a good command of English，he sometimes feels it hard to find an appropriate version for some Chinese idioms.Aannounces Bdeclares Cclaim

7、s Dconfirms解析考查动词词义辨析。此处announces通知；declares宣布；claims 声明； confirms证实。句意：虽然他承认自己掌握了英语，但有时他感到找到汉语的合适的英语翻译很难。根据句意选D项。答案D【变式探究】Try not to cough more than you can _ since it may cause problems to your lungs. A. check Ballow Cstop Dhelp 解析：D 考查动词辨析。考生需掌握短语more than one can help的意思 “尽量不”，故正确答案是D项。句意：尽量不要咳嗽

8、，因为这会给你的肺带来问题。【名师点睛】高考常考的几组动词词义辨析1injure，hurt，wound，destroyinjure一般指在意外事故中受伤hurt是表示“伤害”的一般用法，既可指对肉体的伤害，也可指对情感的伤害wound常指外伤，尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害destroy一般指彻底损坏，常译成“毁坏，损坏”I didnt want to hurt his feelings.我不想伤害他的感情。He was wounded in the battle.他在战斗中负过伤。2beat，hit，strike，defeat，winbeat表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接连地打，击”，还可表示

9、“打败，胜过”hit表示对准目标打一下，强调击中strike表示突然性或一次性的击打defeat(beat)是指“击败，战胜”，宾语通常是人或集体win是“(在中)获胜”或“赢”的意思，宾语通常为war，match，game，prize，medal，respect，battle等名词Our team beat the American team by eight.我们队以超过美国队八分的成绩战胜了。She hit him out of anger.她生气地打了他一下。The tower was struck by lightning.该塔被闪电击中了。He defeated all the o

10、ther participants and won the prize.他击败了其他参赛者，获了奖。【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】adopt，attach，adapt，adjust的区别adoptvt. 采取，采纳；收养，领养attachvt. 把附(在上)；重视attach much importance to. 非常重视adaptvt. 适应；adapt oneself to 适应于adjustvt. 适应，调整；adjust oneself to 适应于This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need; besides, it is

11、 not expensive at all.这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整，而且一点也不贵。Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chinese government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.为了保持平衡，中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best

12、 to give their children that priceless gift.父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠易错起源2、考查动词短语的用法和意义 例2(2015浙江，7)Body language can give a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.解析句意：身势语能够清楚地泄露出你的情绪，因此双臂交叉站着则表示你具有防御性。考查动词短语。give away 泄露，符合语境

13、。答案away【变式探究】 We thought of selling this old furniture ,but weved ecided to it.It might be valuable. A.hold on to B.keep up with C.turn to D.look after【错误解答】 D【易错点点睛】 解答本题的关键首先要熟悉给予的动词词组各自的含义及用法。平时在复习、学习中要对动词及动词短语多积累。学生可能知道“hold on”的含义“候着，别挂(电话)”，但不知“hold on to”，其含义为“坚持，继续；不放弃，不卖掉”。根据题意“我们本想把这件旧家具卖掉

14、，但是我们决定还是不卖掉它。它可能有价值。”而B项keep up with“跟上”；C项turn to意为“转向；而求助”；D项look after“照顾”，故答案为A.【正确解答】 A 【名师点睛】多记一些常见动词及短语的含义和用法并学会在特定语境中灵活运用。以下为常见短语动词 :一、动词 + 介词/副词 短语 例句Act on照行事He acts on principles.answer for对负责You will answer for what youve done.Arm.against带武器以防He armed himself against wild animals.agree

15、with同意(某人)I agree with her.agree to同意(建议等)They agreed to the proposal.apree on(in)同意商定(问题，条件等)They agreed on the question.arrive atin到达(某地)He arrived in Nanjing at five oclock yesterday mornring.Atm at 瞄准He aimed the gun at the bird.Ask after 问候My fater asked after you.Ask for 请求The boy asked for mo

16、re food.borrowfrom从借来He borrowed a like from Mary.believe in 信任We all believe in her.belong to 属于The house belongs to me.burst into突然起来She burst into tears at the news.begin at从(页)开始Today we shall begin at page 40.Babe.on 根据he based the conclusion on experiments.beat about the bush绕弯子Tell me the tru

17、th. Dont beat about the bush.Consist of由组成The society consists of five members.congratulateon祝贺We congratulated her on winning the e to an end 结束The talk come to an end at pareto 把比作He compared the young to the rising parewith同相比She compared the blue pen with the red pen.car

18、ebr喜欢；照料He doesnt care for playing football.Changefor用交换He changed his radio for a recorder.ChanSe fromto从转到She changed from team A to team B.clear up 放晴The weather cleared up in the e across偶然碰到I came across an old friend in the e into想出；进入An idea suddenly came into my mind.c

19、a11 up 打电话I shall call her up soon.Csll for 叫(人)He will call for you in the evening.call for 为叫喊He heard someone calling for help.cdll on 访问(某人)She will call on a friend on Sunday.cdll on 号召The Party called on us to study hard.Cure.of 治愈Fhe medicine cured him of his pain.depend on 依靠He depended on h

20、is mother in life.disagree with与意见不同He disagreed with her over the plan.Die of 因病、饥饿等而死The man died of cancer.Die from 因伤、意外等而死The died man died from a serious wound.Die for 为而死He died for the people.devote to把用于she devoted all her money to huvine books.enged in 从事，忙于He is engaged in writing new boo

21、k.End with以结束The party ended with dancing.fail in在失败She failed in winning the game.find out查明He has not found out the trouble yet.give up 放弃Never give up hope.give over克服，渡过Youll soon get over your shyness.Get on(off) 上车(下车)She got on the bus at Gulou Square.Get on进展He is getting on well in the work

22、.Get ready for准备好He has got ready for the journey.Get in 收进The peasants got in the wheat in May.grow up 长大，发展The children have already grown up.give in 投降(让步)They gave in at last.Get up 起床She gets up early every morning.Go on 继续The meeting went on deep into the night.go all out 竭尽全力They went all out

23、 to build the airport.So through通过；细察She went through the book before buying it.go over复习，看一遍She went over the lessons for three times.go down(日，月)落下，下沉The moon has gone down.go without 放弃，没有也行He had to go without food.Hand in交进来They handed in their papeps.Have nothing to do with 与无关He has nothing t

24、o do with the matter.Have some thing to do with 与无关Does she have anything to do with the case?Head for 朝去The ship is heading for the nearest port.Help with 帮助He helped her with her English.Help.in在帮助He helped her in study in English.Hope for 希望(得到)She hoped for Mary to roduceto介绍She introduc

25、ed me to her father.inspirewith以激发He inspired them with courage.insist on坚持She insisted on doing it that erfere with(in) 妨碍；干涉Dont interfere With his work.join in 参加(活动)she also joined in the dancing.join sb. in 加入某人从事He joined us in watering the tees.keep on 继续She kept on making experinents.

26、Knock at敲(门等)Someone is knocking at the door.loog for渴望Im longing for a letter from him.look up查寻；向上看He is looking up a new word in the dictionary.look uponas把看作Do you look upon him as a good friend?learnby heart 背会She has learnt it by heart.Leave for动身去He is leaving for Nanjing next week.look for寻找

27、The police are looking for the lost car.Lie in 位于The town lies in the hills.live on 靠生活，以为主食Sheep live on grass.laugh at 对笑，嘲笑Dont laugh at others.look throut 翻阅；浏览The boy looked through the picture book.Mixwith 同混合Oil and water cant mix with each other.meetwith 遇到She met with some difficulties.make

28、 up ones mind 决定He has made up his mind what to say.Owe to 归功于He owed all his success to his parents.Operate on为手术He operated on the wounded soldier.Putinto 把放入She put the book into the bag.play with 玩The boy played with a toy tank.Put up 举起They put up their hands.Put up挂起She put up a picture on the

29、 wall.Put off 推达The match is put off owing to the rain.Point out 指出The teacher pointed out his mistakes.preside over 主持(会议)Who is to preside over the meeting?present.with 赠送He presented her with a gold watch.Putacross 使理解(相信)She didnt put the meaning across very well.Preventfrom 阻止The snow prevented

30、 him from coming.persist in 坚持He persisted in doing that.Po practice实施We shall put the plan into practice.quarrel over 为争吵They quarrelled over the property.quarrel with 同争吵She quanelled with her mother.Reply to 答复He hasnt replied to me yet.recover from 恢复She has recovered from her illness.Rely

31、 on 依靠He relied on his daughter in the past.refrain from 设法不，忍住Please refrain from smoking.Rob.of.抢走The pain robbed him of sleep.Run over 辗过去The bus run over his legs.result from 由引起His illness results from overeating.result in 导致Overeating results in his illness.Remember sb.to代问好Please remember me

32、to your mother.Set about 着手干They set about the work at once.Set out 出发They set out at dawn.succeed in 成功He succeeded in passing the exam.Speak off 说到She once spoke of the book to me.Supply.with提供They supplied the soldiers with weapons.share in分担(享)He shared in her joys and sorrows.share sth with sb

33、与某人共同使用She shared a room with others.settle in安顿下来He settled in a small town.See through 看透I have already seen through the man.See to it 保证See to it that the work is done well.send for 派人请We have sent for the doctor.Stand by 支持Well stand by you in your hour of need.Stand of 代表What does “U.S,” stand

34、far?spendon花费She spent a lot of money on books.show around 带参观He showed the guests around the city.talk about 谈论what are you taking about ?over 渡过lie has tided over his illness.turn against 背叛She will never turn against her country.turn into 变成Water can turn into gas.turn to 翻到，转向Please turn to page

35、 10.think of 想念We think of you all the time.think about(of) 考虑They are thinking about buying it.turn on 打开Please turn on the radio.turn off 关掉Please turn off the lights in the room.tellfrom 区分I cant tell her from her sister.take off 脱去She asked him to take off the cost.turn out 关掉He forgot to turn o

36、ut the gas.turn out 生产The factory turns ont 100 cars per day.turn round 绕着转The earth turns round the sun.turn up 出现He didnt turn up until eleven oclock.to begin with 首先To begin with,we are short of money.wait for 等待We shall wait for you at the school gate.watch out for提防We should watch out for the e

37、nemy.write to给写信He wrote to me last week.wake up 醒来She usually wakes up at five.wipe out 消灭The enemy troops have been wiped out.watch over 照看The old should watch over the young.二、过去分词 + 介词 （这类短语常同连系动词连用）短 语例句be absorbed in全神贯注于he is absorbed in reading.be brudened with负重he is burdened with a heavy l

38、oad.be connected with同有关，同有联系He is no longer connected with the company.be covered with覆盖The road is covered with snow.be crowded with 挤满She is dressed in red.be dressed in穿着She is dressed in red.be engaged to与订婚Mary is engaged to John.be equipped with 装备He is experienced in mending bikes.be experie

39、nced in对有经验He is experienced in mending bikes.be filled with 填满The hole is filled with ants.be furnished with 提供，布置They are furnished with enough food.be interested in对有兴趣He is interested in the picture.be joined to连接，结合One pipe is joined to another.be known as因而知名He is known as a painter.be known f

40、or因而出名The hill is known for the templebe looked on as作为看待He is looked on as their leader.be made into被制成，使成为The boy was made into an artist.be made up of由构成A car is made up of many different parts.be married to与结婚She is married to a musician.be pleased with对喜欢，满意He is pleased with the work.be prepar

41、ed for准备好They are prepared for the journey.be regarded as被认为He is regarded as the greatest poet.be satisfied with对满意I am satisfied with your answer.be ashamed of对感到羞愧She is ashamed of her action.be tired of(sth)对厌烦He is tired of this kind of life.be terrified at被吓一跳He is rerrified at the snake.三、动词

42、+ 名词 +介词 短语例句apply ones mind to专心于He applied his mind to study.catch sight of瞧见，看见I caught sight of her just now.catch(take)hold of抓住He caught hold of the girl by the hand.devote oneself to献身于，专心于She devotes herself to eaching.devote ones life to为献身He devotes his life to the research.do(great)harm t

43、o对危害(大)The rain has done great harm to the crops.do(great)wrong to冤枉，委屈Dont do wrong to an innocent person.feel pity for对感到怜悯He felt pity for the poor girl.Fix ones eyes on 凝视He fixed his eyes on the girl.form the habit of 养成的习惯He has formed the habit of getting up early.Get a good hold of 抓牢He got

44、a good hold of the rope.Get in touch with 同取得联系I got in touch with her by phone.Get ird of 除去，摆脱She has got rid of the had abit.give dvice on提出建议He gave advice on city planning.have none of不允许，不接受He will have none of your empty promise.have trust in 相信She had trust in him.have (no) difficulty in (没)

45、有困难He has difficultjy in doing the work .have a word with同谈话I want to have a word with you.have trouble in 在有麻烦She had trouble in the matter.have a look at 看一下Let me have a good at it.have words with 同口角(争吵)He had words with his wife.have (show) interest in 对有兴趣He has great intertst in this kind of

46、film.have(deep)effect on 对有(深远)影响The book has great effect on his life.have mercy on 同情，怜悯He has no mercy on the poor old man.have(take)pity on 同情He has great pity on the sick boy.have the honour of有幸he has the honour of meeting her there.help oneself to请吃；自用Please help yourself to some fruit.keep a

47、 record of记录She kept a record of her daily life.make friends with 同交朋友He made fridnds with a foreign girl.make fun of取笑Dont make fun of him.make(the)best use of 充分利用They make the best use of the money.make(good，full)use of (很好，充分)利用You shold make good use of your time.make an apology to向道歉He made an

48、 apology to her.make ones way to走向He made his way to the house.make preparations for 准备She is making preparations for the holiday.make a dive for 猛冲The dog make a dive for the bone.make a mistake about为产生误会Dont made a mistake about her.make a study of 研究，学习I shall make a study of the plan.Pay attent

49、ion to 注意He paid much attention to her life.pass a judgement on判决The court passed a judgement on the case.Put ones heart and soul into全神贯注于She put her heart and sould into the work.Set fire to放火、点火They set fire to the home.Show respect for 尊敬They show respect for the old.show mercy ot 同情Never show m

50、ercy to the enemy.Say good-bey to 向道别They said good-bey to each other.Say hello to 打招呼He said hello to the students.Set an example to树立榜样He set an example to the young.shake hands with握手They shook hands with each other.take aim at 瞄准He took careful aim at the other.take the side of 支持，站在一边They took

51、the side on the government.throw light on 阐明，使人明白His explanation threw light on the poem.take pride in 因而自豪She took pride in her success.take part in 参加They took an active part in sports.take delight in 以为乐He tood great delight in travel.take a message for捎个口信Please take a message for her.四、动词 + 副词

52、+ 介词短语例句Add up to 总计为The income adds up to 1000 dollars.break away from 改掉，与脱离关系he has broken away from the bad habit.be up to应由，轮到It is up to her to answer the question.Cut down on 削减He has cut down on expese.catch up with 赶上I can catchup with them.beat down on 直射The sun beats down on the

53、e up to达到(标准)比得上The result didnt come up to our expectations.Com up against 遭到(反对、困难)The plan came up with them.do well in在做得好He does well in the work.drop in on 顺便来访He drops in on us sometimes.do away with 废除They have done away with the old law.face up to面对，承担We must face up to the fact.Fit in with 适合，符合The clothes fit in with her.fall back on 依靠He has a good friend to fall back on.Get through with 完成，花光They have got through with the work.Get down to 开始认真做Lets get down to business.Get on(along)with 进展，相处He got on well with people here.Ge