羟乙基纤维素论文胺烷基纤维素的制备与其对TNT吸附性能的研究

1、羟乙基纤维素论文：胺烷基纤维素的制备及其对tnt吸附性能的研究【中文摘要】随着梯恩梯（tnt）工业的迅猛发展,以及梯恩梯在军用和民用方面的广泛应用,梯恩梯所引起的环境污染问题日益突出,严重地破坏了生态环境,影响了人类健康。尤其是梯恩梯对于水体资源的污染早已成为影响人类以及其它生物生存环境的重大问题。因此,寻求一种物美价廉,既不污染环境又能有效脱除梯恩梯的吸附剂,在环境保护、资源回收等方面有着重要的研究价值和广泛的应用前景。本文合成了一种具有吸附分离功能的胺烷基纤维素（amac）,利用傅立叶红外分析仪（ft-ir）、核磁、粒度分析仪和表面张力测定仪等表征手段对胺烷基纤维素进行了表征,并研究了胺烷

2、基纤维素对tnt的吸附性能。以羟乙基纤维素（hec）为原料,二氯亚砜（socl2）为氯化试剂,乙二胺（eda）作为胺化试剂,通过先氯化获得中间产品氯化纤维素,后胺化制备了胺烷基纤维素。通过单因素实验获得氯化反应的最佳条件是二氯亚砜和羟乙基纤维素的配比为4:1（ml:g）。其中氯化纤维素的氯含量高达23.245%。在胺化反应过程中,通过正交实验和单因素实验,获得对梯恩梯有高吸附量的胺烷基纤维素,其最佳的条件为:温度为80c,乙二胺用量与氯化纤维素的配比为15:1（ml:g）,反应时间为10小时。采用多种现代测试手段对羟乙基纤维素、氯化纤维素和胺烷基纤维素进行表征,结果表明:制备出了胺烷基纤维素,

3、其表观形貌为粒度在50-100 um的白色粉末状固体,聚集态为非晶态结构;扫描电镜显示胺烷基纤维素的表面较为粗糙,作为吸附剂有较大的比表面积;胺烷基纤维素有一定的吸水性能,其吸水量是干重重量的25%。胺烷基纤维素在水中的zeta电位被测定,其结果为胺烷基纤维素zeta电位为-7.2 mv。胺烷基纤维素对tnt的吸附性能分别通过静态吸附实验和吸附柱吸附实验进行研究;分别研究了tnt溶液浓度、tnt溶液ph值、吸附时间、吸附温度和吸附剂用量等影响因素对吸附性能的影响。研究发现:在水溶液中,胺烷基纤维素对tnt有较好的吸附效果,其吸附量可达到69.19 mg/g,去除率可以达99.30%;tnt溶液

4、ph值对吸附性能的影响较大,当tnt溶液呈酸性和碱性时,胺烷基纤维素对tnt的吸附性能下降,而当tnt溶液呈中性时,胺烷基纤维素对tnt的吸附性能最好。通过分析这些影响因素对吸附性能的影响,提出了可能的吸附机理。胺烷基纤维素吸附tnt后可以通过酸性的乙醇溶液将tnt解析到乙醇溶液中。将胺烷基纤维素被填充到吸附柱中, tnt溶液从吸附柱底端进入吸附柱,经胺烷基纤维素吸附,然后从吸附柱顶端流出。吸附柱实验研究了流速、柱高和tnt溶液入口浓度等影响因素对吸附效果的影响,并使用thomas模型和yoon-nelson模型对穿透曲线进行拟合。研究发现:通过bdst模型可以计算出在流速为10 ml/min

5、,入口tnt溶液浓度为20 mg/l的条件下所要求的最小柱高为2.43 cm。【英文摘要】with the rapid development of 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene industries (tnt) and its wide applications in civil and military fields, the pollution of tnt becomes more and more serious, which destroy the environment and affect human health. water source pollutio

6、n of tnt wastewater has already become serious problems that influence the survival environment of human and other creatures. it will have wide application prospect in environment protection, resources recovery and reclamztion to find a good and cheap adsorbent, which are both environmental friendly

7、 and can adsorb tnt effectively. in this thesis, aminoalky cellulose that fuction as adsorption and separation was prepared and characterized by ft-ir, 13c-nmr, sem etc. the adsorption performance of aminoalky cellulose for tnt was investigated by static experiment and fixed bed experiment.hydroxyet

8、hyl cellulose (hec) was used as the raw material, and aminoalky cellulose (amac) had been synthesized by two steps reaction, as follows: chloridization and aminoalkylization. thionyl chloride and ethanediamine was used as chlorating agent and aminating agent, respectively. the optimal ratio of 4:1(m

9、l: g) between thionyl chloride and hec in process of preparing chloro-deoxy-hydroxyethlcellulose was determined by single factor experiments, and the chlorine content of cdhc could reach up to 23.245%. in process of preparing amac, the optimal condition was determined by orthogonal experiments and s

10、ingle factor experiments, and the optimal condition could be stated, as follows: temperature of 80c, the ratio of 15:1 (ml: g) between ethanediamine and cdhc, reaction time of 10 hours.the physical and chemical structures of hec, cdhc and amac were charactered by varying modern analytical methods. t

11、he results showed that apparent morphology of amac was white powder, and amac was amorphous structure. particle size range of amac was 50-100 um. the rough surface of amac could be observed through the scanning electron microscope. the water absorption performance of amac was determined, and the res

12、ult showed that water absorption dosage was 25% of dry weight. zeta potential of amac in water was -7.2 mv.the adsorption performance of amac for tnt was investigated through adsorption static experiment and fixed bed experiment. the effect of varying adsorption parameters, such as ph, temperature,

13、adsorbent dosage, adsorption time and initial concentration, on adsorption performance was investigated through static experiments. the result of static experiments showed that amac possed strong adsorption ability for tnt with adsorption amount of 69.19 mg/g and removal efficiency of 99.30%. the ph

14、 had a great effect on the adsorption ability of amac for tnt, and the absorption capacity was lower in acidic and alkaline solutions than that in neutral solutions. the possible mechanisms for amac absorbing tnt were discussed under varying ph and temperature. also the result of the reusability exp

15、eriment showed the adsorbed tnt could bedesorbed by ethanol.the fixed bed experiment was conducted in order to investigate dynamic adsorption performance for tnt.the fixed bed was filled with amac, and the tnt could be adsorbed due to the inlet tnt solution from bottom and the outlet tnt solution fr

16、om top. the adsorption parameter, such as inlet tnt concentration, flowrate and bed height, was studied through the fixed bed experiments. the breakthrough curve was fitted with thomas model and yoon-nelson model. the result of bdst model showed that the minimum bed height was 2.43 cm with the flowr

17、ate of 10 ml/min and the inlet concentration of 20 mg/l.【关键词】羟乙基纤维素 胺烷基纤维素 吸附 梯恩梯 吸附柱【英文关键词】hydroxyethyl cellulose aminoalky cellulose adsorption 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene fixed bed【目录】胺烷基纤维素的制备及其对tnt吸附性能的研究摘要4-6abstract6-71 绪论11-241.1 概述11-121.2 纤维素的基本性质12-131.3 羟乙基纤维素的应用13-151.3.1 医药应用13-141.3.2 纺织应

18、用141.3.3 食品工业应用14-151.3.4 涂料应用151.3.5 石油应用151.4 改性纤维素的吸附材料的研究进展15-181.4.1 改性纤维素吸附材料15-181.4.2 纤维素吸附材料存在的问题181.5 tnt 废水的危害与治理方法概述18-221.5.1 tnt 废水的来源与危害18-191.5.2 tnt 废水的治理方法19-221.6 课题主要研究内容22-241.6.1 纤维素化学改性的基础研究221.6.2 改性纤维素吸附材料的表征22-231.6.3 改性纤维素吸附材料的应用基础研究23-242 胺烷基纤维素吸附材料的的制备24-372.1 引言24-252.2 材料与方法252.2.1 实验材料252.2.2 主要设备252.3 氯化纤维素的制备2