外研版 必修五 module 4 被动语态.ppt语法.ppt

1、(一) 语 态 分 类,英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。,The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We _to

2、enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. The students didnt forget his lessons easily. His lessons_. They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars _abroad by sea. The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons _on the radio. This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees _here this t

3、ime last year. We have brought down the price. The price_. When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets_. You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions _after class.,are not allowed,were not easily forgot

4、ten,will be sent,are being broadcast,were being planted,has been brought down,had already been sold out,must be handed in,3. 一般将来时： They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时： The manager said they would complete the project by the end o

5、f the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.,5. 现在进行时： We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted. 6. 过去进行时： Why d

6、idnt they drive there on time? Because the workers were mending the road. Because the road was being mended. 7. 现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off.,8. 过去完成时： The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People ha

7、d considered him to be a great leader. He had been considered to be a great leader. 9. 含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。 You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. He can write a great many letters with the computer. A great many

8、 letters can be written with the computer by him.,被动语态: 我们知道, 被动语态是由be + done(动词的过去分词)构成的被动语态构成比较,10: 动词不定式的被动语态 be to do- be to be done be going to do-be going to be done Be about to do-be about to be done Eg: He is to read a novel A novel is to be read by him They are going to hold a meeting tomor

9、row. A meeting is going to be held tomorrow. They are about to shoot the murderer. The murderdr is about to be shot by them.,(1) The police found that the house _and a lot of things _. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into ; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen D. had bee

10、n broken into; stolen (2) If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep ; will have to D. do not keep ; have to,D,Practice,A,(3) -_ the sports meet might be put off. -Yes,

11、 it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told (4) The maths problem _ among the students soon. A. is about to be discuss B. is going to be discussed C. is to discuss D. is going to have been discussed,A,B,(一)语态转换时要注意的问题 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与

12、新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误) 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： A pre

13、sent was given to me yesterday.,保留宾语,注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如： bring, give, lend, offer, pass, promise, sell, show, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, ,make, order, 等。 Mother made me a new

14、skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us.,3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有 laugh at, operate on, look after, make fun of, make use of take care of, carry out, give up, hand in, point out, put away, put off, turn down, work out, talk about等。 The p

15、atient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about. His request was turned down. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather. A child is taken good care of,4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如： a,动词+宾语+adj We always keep the classroom

16、 clean. The classroom is always kept clean. b,动词+宾语+ n They chose Tom captain. Tom was chosen captain c.动词+宾语+ to do She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions. d,动词+宾语+doing I found him lying on the floor he was found lying on the floor e,动词+宾语+done we found all

17、 our seats occupied. all our seats were found occupied. 注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to， We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar. His mother makes him clean the room every day. He is made to clean the roo

18、m every day.,（二）某些动词用主动表被动？,1. The picture looks beautiful .,这里的 look是表状态特征的连系动词，它后面要求跟形容词或名词构成系表结构，其主动形式表被动含义。感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain, turn out ,smell等。 Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft. The flowers look beautiful What he said sounds reasonable. T

19、he roses smell sweet. The medicine tastes bitter. 误：It is felt very soft. The food tastes delicious. 误：The food is tasted delicious. The pop music sounds beautiful. 误：The pop music is sounded beautiful,2.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read

20、, clean, sell, dry,wash, cook,wear 等。如： The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。 Some silks wash well The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写字很流畅。 The poem reads fluently./ The shoes wear well. The paper tears easily This kind of cloth dried easily 对比： The books sell well. (主动句) Th

21、e books were sold out. (被动句) The meat didnt cook well. (主动句) The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (被动句),3. want, need, require 作“需要 ”解时及be worth ,in need of后接动词，常用动名词的主动形式表被动含义。,Eg: 1: The flower needs/ wants/ requires watering. Your hair needs/wants/requires cutting The computer needs

22、/wants/requires reqairing 2: The film /music is worth listening to. 3: His teaching method is in need of improving,4. 不定式在某些形容词后作状语且和句子的主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系时：,The sentence is easy to understand. She found the problem hard to deal with. The box is heavy to lift The picture is pleasant to look at The nov

23、el is interesting to read 此类形容词： difficult, comfortable, pleasant, fit, interesting, unfit, light, heavy, dangerous, etc.,5.不定式作名词的后置定语，和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，同时和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式表被动含义：,She had only a cold room to live in. I have a meeting to attend. I have a lot of homework to do She has many chil

24、dren to look after I gave him a cake to eat I gave him a book to read,第一，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place , come about , break out, belong to, consist of, add up to, come into being, come true, turn out 等。如： The fire broke out in the capital building. 误：The fire was broke out in the capital building. Gr

25、eat changes have taken place in China. 误：Great changes have been taken place in China. 第二，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 误：The sun had already been risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 误：After the ear

26、thquake, few houses were remained.,（三)下列情况主动句不能改为被动句,例如： 据说It is said /thought that 据报导It is reported that 据推测It is supposed that 希望It is hoped that 众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议It is suggested that 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is we

27、ll known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. 3) It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.,（四）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示,（五）英语中一些词的被动结构表主动意义,be dressed in, be seated in/at/beside/next to be addicted to , be determined to be devoted to,be absorbed in,be disappointed at, be lost

28、in, be engaged in/be occupied in,be faced with Eg: 1.She is seated on the sofa. 2. Addicted to surfing the internet, the boy often escapes from classes. 3. Determined to give up smoking, he threw away his remaining cigarettes. 4. Disappointed at failing in the math exam, Kenta wouldnt like to talk a

29、bout it to his parents. 5. Judith lay on the sofa, absorbed in her book.,（六）介词in,on,under+名词短语表被动意义,常见的有：under control,under treatment,under repair,under discussion,under construction,beyond belief, beyond ones reach,beyond ones control, in print, in sight, on sale, on show, on trial, out of control

30、, out of sight, out of ones reach, out of fashion,. Eg: 1.The building is under construction(is being constructed) 2.The plane was out of control( cant be controlled) 3.The road is under repair(is being repaired) 4.Today some treasures are on show( are being shown) in the museum.,1.The new dictionar

31、ies are very useful.They _well and _already. sell; have been sold out B. sold; had sold out C. sell, sell out are sold; have been sold out 2. I saw Dave in lift this morning. -Really? He_around here for a long time. A. wont be seen B. wasnt see C. hasnt been seen D. hadnt been seen,3. The window is

32、dirty. -I know. It _ for weeks. hasnt cleaned B.didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned 4. The heros story _differently in the newspapers. was reported B. was reporting reports D. reported 5.Why did you leave that position? -I _a better position at IBM. offer B. offered C.am offered D.was

33、 offered 6. More than a dozen students in that school_abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C.had sent D.had been sent,7. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which_placed under the Ministers car. has been B.was being C.had been D.would be 8. Millions of pou

34、nds worth damage_by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A.has been caused B.had been caused C. will be caused D.will have been caused 9. When the old man_to walk back to his house,the sun_itself behind the mountain. started ; had already hidden had started; had already hidden

35、 C. had started ; was hiding D. was starting; hid,10:The water _cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. was felt B.is felt C.felt D.feels 11: The moment the 28th Olympic Games_ open, the whole world cheered. declared B.have been declared C. have declared D. were declared 12.Mr Green s

36、tood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _. blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed,13. In a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting the table. A.was to be held B.has been held C.will be held D. is being held 14.I dont suppose the p

37、olice know who did it. -Well surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and_now. A.has been questioned B.is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned 15. The new type of cellphone _better if it is advertised on TV. A. will sell B. sells C. would sell D.sold,16. The bridge which _ last

38、year looks really beautiful. A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built 17. This cloth _well and _ long. Ok. Ill take it. A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lasted C. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting 18. An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week. A. are to be held B. is to be h

39、eld C. are holding D. will hold,19. Im sorry, sir. Your recorder isnt ready yet. It _ in the factory. A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. hasnt repaired 20. Every possible means , but none prove successful. A. has tried B. has been tried C. is being tried D. tried 21. My litt

40、le sister has broken my watch. - My watch _ by my little sister. A. is broken B. has broken C. have been brokenD. has been broken,22. He was cleaning his room when I entered the house. - His room _ by him when I entered the room. A. was being cleaned B. was cleaned C. was being cleaning D. has been

41、cleaned 23. I shall have Finished reading the novel by dinner time. - This novel _ reading (by me) by dinner time A. will have finished . B. will has been finished C. will have being finished D. will have been finished 24. You ought to keep these three rooms clean. -These three rooms _ (by you). are

42、 oughted to keep clean B. ought to kept clean C. ought to be kept clean D. ought to have been kept clean,1.The new dictionaries are very useful.They _well and _already. sell; have been sold out B. sold; had sold out C. sell, sell out are sold; have been sold out 2. I saw Dave in lift this morning. -

43、Really? He_around here for a long time. A. wont be seen B. wasnt see C. hasnt been seen D. hadnt been seen,3. The window is dirty. -I know. It _ for weeks. hasnt cleaned B.didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned 4. The heros story _differently in the newspapers. was reported B. was report

44、ing reports D. reported 5.Why did you leave that position? -I _a better position at IBM. offer B. offered C.am offered D.was offered 6. More than a dozen students in that school_abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C.had sent D.had been sent,7. The policemans attention was sudden

45、ly caught by a small box which_placed under the Ministers car. has been B.was being C.had been D.would be 8. Millions of pounds worth damage_by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A.has been caused B.had been caused C. will be caused D.will have been caused 9. When the old ma

46、n_to walk back to his house,the sun_itself behind the mountain. started ; had already hidden had started; had already hidden C. had started ; was hiding D. was starting; hid,10:The water _cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise. was felt B.is felt C.felt D.feels 11: The moment the 28th

47、 Olympic Games_ open, the whole world cheered. declared B.have been declared C. have declared D. were declared 12.Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _. blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed,13. In a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting the table. A.was to be held B.has been held C.will be held D. is being held 14.I dont suppose the police know who did it.