语法1宾语从句.ppt

1、,英语（2）,48,6,李敏,宾语从句,宾语从句是英语复合句中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子作另一个句子的宾语。 一、宾语从句的类型 宾语从句可分为三类： 1. 由that引导的宾语从句 1) 在很多动词如say, think, wish, hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear, feel等后面，用that引导陈述性宾语从句。其中that只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。 e.g. I) I feel that she has a strong will. 我感到她有着坚强的意志。 II) We suspecte

2、d that it was a trick to get our money. 我们怀疑这是骗我们钱的圈套。 III) He wrote to me that he had to cancel this trip. 他写信告诉我他不得不取消这次旅行。,在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。 e.g.I dont think you are right. 我认为你做得不对。 2) 在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it作形式宾语。 e

3、.g. I) We often take it for granted that parents should do everything for their children. 我们总是理所当然地认为父母应该为孩子做一切事情。 II)Why dont you bring it to his attention that youre too ill to go on working? 你为什么不让他注意到你病得太厉害不能继续工作呢？,2. 由连接代(副)词引导的宾语从句 1) 有不少动词，如agree, ask, decide, discover, discuss, explain, forg

4、et, imagine, know, learn, realize, remember, report, see, suggest, tell, wonder等可跟连接代词或副词引导的宾语从句。 e.g.I) She was curious to know where we had been. 她很好奇我们去了哪里。 II) Only you can decide who is the best choice. 只有你能决定谁是最佳人选。,2) whether和if也常用来引导宾语从句，一般情况下，whether和if可以替换。 e.g. I) I dont know whether / if

5、 you like flowers. 不知道你是否喜欢花。 II)I wonder whether / if you would mind doing me a favor. 不知道你是否介意帮我一个忙。 但是在以下情况下，if不能替代whether。 a. 介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导。 e.g. Everything depends on whether we have enough time. 所有的事都取决于我们是否有足够的时间。 b. 宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导。 e.g. I dont know whether the singer will come or not

6、. 我不知道那位歌唱家是否会来。,3. 由关系代词what, who, whom, which, whatever等引导的宾语从句 e.g.I) Show me what you have bought. 把你买的东西给我看。(what相当于the thing that) II) I dont know who broke the window. 我不知道谁打破了窗户。 III) My daughter will tell you which book she needs. 我女儿会告诉你她需要哪本书。 IV) I will just say whatever comes into my he

7、ad. 我想到什么就说什么。 这类宾语从句也可以用在介词后面。,二、宾语从句的语序和时态 宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。宾语从句的时态受主句的限制：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定；主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态但如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，则要用一般现在时态。 e.g.I) She says that she will fly to the United States in a week. 她说她一周后飞往美国。 II)He asked me whether I was an engineer. 他问我是不是工程师。 II

8、I) The teacher told us that Japan is an island country. 老师告诉我们日本是一个岛国。,Exercises,1) Do you know _? A) what hes reading B) what is he reading C) what does he read D) he reads what 2) Bill told me that he _ the Disney World tomorrow. A) will visitB) has visited C) visited D) would visit,3) He was very

9、 angry but I had no idea _. A) what the matter isB) what the matter was C) what is the matterD) what was the matter 4) Do you know _ shes waiting for? A) whatB) whom C) thatD) which 5) John asked me _ my car? A) how he can useB) that he used C) if he might useD) whether he used,6) Can you tell me ho

10、w many English words _ since last year? A) have you learned B) did you learn C) you learned D) you have learned 7) Mike asked the shop assistant _ the TV_ cheap enough. A) that; isB) if; was C) that; wasD) whether; is 8) Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do, he came by car. A) how B) when C) thatD)

11、if,1) I dont care _what he thinks_ (他怎么想). 2) I dont know _what you want to do_ (你想干什么). 3) I wonder _whom he is talking to_ (他在和谁讲话). 4) She began to criticize _what he had done_ (他所做的事). 5) I cant remember _what his name is/ what he is called_ (他叫什么名字). 6) She couldnt decide _whom she should listen to_ (她该听谁的). 7) I asked him _who made/cooked the dinner_ (谁做的晚饭). 8) He was angered by