局解小腿Lower limb

1、Lower limb,General introduction,The lower limb is divided into four parts: Gluteal region Thigh Leg Foot Function Support the body weight Locomotion,Gluteal region,Muscles Superficial group Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fasciae latae Deep group Piriformis Obturator internus G

2、emellus superior and inferior Quadratus femoris,Gluteal region (continue),Nerves and vessels Greater sciatic foramen above piriformis Superior gluteal nerve, artery and vein Greater sciatic foramen below piriformis Sciatic nerve Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh Inferior gluteal nerve and arter

3、y Pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery Pass through the lesser sciatic foramen to enter the perineum,Thigh-anterior and medial region (1),Superficial fascia Arteries: Superficial epigastric artery Superficial iliac circumflex artery External pudendal artery Great saphenous vein Superficial in

4、guinal lymph nodes Cutaneous nerves Ilioinguinal nerve Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve,Thigh-anterior and medial region (2),Deep structures Fascia lata: thick and strong laterally Muscles: Anterior group: quad

5、riceps femoris and the sartorius Medial group: Pectineus Adductor longus Gracilis Adductor brevis Adductor magnus,Thigh-anterior and medial region (2),Deep structures Gap between the inguinal ligament and the hip bone (divided into two parts by iliopectineal arch) Lacuna musculorum: laterally Iliops

6、oas, femoral nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Lacuna vasorum: medially Femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral canal. Femoral triangle Boundaries Contents: femoral nerve, artery, vein, canal (from lateral to medial),Thigh-anterior and medial region (2),Deep structures Contents of the femoral tri

7、angle Femoral nerve: Muscular branch: anterior group of the thigh Cutaneous branch: Anterior femoral cutaneous nerve Saphenous nerve (accompanies the femoral artery at thigh, and accompanies the great saphenous vein at leg) Femoral artery: Muscular branches Deep femoral artery: lateral and medial fe

8、moral circumflex a. Perforating arteries: 3 or 4 arteries,Thigh-anterior and medial region (2),Deep structures Contents of the femoral triangle Femoral sheath and femoral canal Femoral canal is the medial compartment of the femoral sheath, contains deep lymph nodes and fat tissue. Its superior openi

9、ng called femoral ring. Boundaries: Laterally: femoral vein Medially: lacunar ligament Anteriorly: inguinal ligament Posteriorly: pectineal ligament (of Cooper) Femoral hernia: contents of abdomen protrude through the femoral ring into the femoral canal,Thigh-anterior and medial region (2),Deep stru

10、ctures Adductor canal (of hunter): deep furrow on the medial side of the thigh Boundaries: Anterior: sartorius and the adductor lamina Lateral: vastus medialis Posterior: adductor longus and adductor magnus Contents: from superficial to deep Saphenous nerve Femoral artery Femoral vein Obturator vess

11、els and nerve: supply the medial compartment of the thigh.,Thigh-posterior region (3),Superficial structures: posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh. Deep structures: Muscles: Biceps femoris: lateral side Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Nerve: sciatic nerve Arteries: perforating branches of the deep

12、femoral artery.,Thigh-posterior region (3),Popliteal fossa Boundaries Upper lateral: tendon of the biceps femoris Upper medial: semitendinosus and semimembranosus Lower lateral and lower medial: gastrocnemius Contents: Tibial nerve and common fibular (peroneal) nerve Popliteal vein Popliteal artery,

13、Leg-anterior and lateral region,Superficial structures Superficial vein: great saphenous vein Cutaneous nerve: saphenous nerve medially and the superficial fibular nerve laterally Deep structures Deep fascia Superior and inferior extensor retinaculum Superior and Inferior peroneal retinaculum,Leg-an

14、terior and lateral region,Deep structures Muscles of anterior group Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Muscles of lateral group Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis Nerves and vessels Deep fibular nerve and the anterior tibial vessels Superficial fibular nerve,Leg-post

15、erior region,Superficial structure Small saphenous vein Cutaneous nerves Medial sural cutaneous nerve: from tibial nerve Lateral sural cutaneous nerve: from common fibular nerve Sural nerve,Leg-posterior region,Deep structures Deep fascia: flexor retinaculum Muscles: Superficial group Gastrocnemius

16、Plantaris Soleus Deep group Popliteus Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior Flexor hallucis longus Tibial nerve and the posterior tibial artery,Tarsal tunnel,Is formed by: Tarsal bones Flexor retinaculum Contents from anterior to posterior: Tendon of tibialis posterior Tendon of flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibial artery and the tibial nerve Tendon of flexor hallucis longus,The floor of the foot,Skin and superficial fascia Planter aponeurosis Muscles: Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi Tendon of flexor digitorum long