天津专版2018年高考英语二轮复习专题一语法知识第十二讲介词与介词短语课件.pptx

1、,第十二讲介词与介词短语,专题一语法知识,栏目索引,考点语境词义辨析,解题方法,强化练(十二),方法1汉语对照法 方法2固定短语法 方法3利用置入法解决介词短语的相关题目,1.Determining where we are _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017江苏，32) A.in contrast to B.in defense of C.in face of D.in relation to,考点语境词义辨析,解析句意为：通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置是我们生存的一项重要技能。结合

2、句意可知，这里用in relation to“相对某事物而言”。in contrast to与相比；in defense of保卫，为辩护；in face of面对。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,2.We offer an excellent education to our students._，we expect students to work hard.(2017天津，13) A.On average B.At best C.In return D.After all,解析句意为：我们向学生提供优质的教育，同时也希望学生努力学习。in return作为报酬，作为回报，符合语

3、境。on average平均来看；at best充其量，至多；after all毕竟，终究。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,3.The dictionary is _：many words have been added to the language since it was published.(2016天津，2) A.out of control B.out of date C.out of sight D.out of reach,解析考查“out of名词”型介词短语辨析。句意为：这部词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。out of date过时，符合语境

4、。out of control失控；out of sight看不见；out of reach够不着。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,4.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea？(2015浙江，3) A.about B.to C.with D.over,解析考查固定搭配。句意为：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？be home to为固定搭配，意为“是的栖息地，是的家园”。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,解析句意为：大多数人工作因为这是无法避免的，相比之下，

5、也有一些人确实喜欢工作。根据语境可知，此处表示前后对比。by contrast相比之下，符合语境。as a result结果；in addition另外，此外；in conclusion总之。,5.Most people work because its unavoidable._，there are some people who actually enjoy work.(2015浙江，10) A.As a result B.In addition C.By contrast D.In conclusion,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,解析句意为：如果没有托马斯爱迪生的话，我们现

6、在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。thanks to幸亏，由于；regardless of不管，不顾；aside from除了，除以外；but for要不是，如果没有的话。由句意知选D项。,6.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.(2015江苏，34) A.thanks to B.regardless of C.aside from D.but for,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,解析考查“in名词”型短语意义辨析。句意为：这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想提前提醒你，如果你在

7、这里吸烟，你将会被罚款。根据题干中that引导的宾语从句可知，说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实，所以选择in advance。in detail详细地；in total总共；in general一般来说。,7.This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you _ that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2015湖北，30) A.in advance B.in detail C.in total D.in general,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点归

8、纳,1.几组常见的介词短语 (1)out of名词 out of question毫无疑问；out of the question不可能；out of order次序颠倒；out of sight看不见；out of place不合适；out of pity出于同情；out of curiosity出于好奇,(2)in名词 in power掌权；in good condition状态良好；in despair绝望地；in public/secret公开地/秘密地；in tears哭泣；in good/bad repair保养得好/不好；in charge负责，掌管；in a hurry 匆忙

9、in anger生气；in trouble有困难 (3)in名词介词 in case of以防万一；in honor of为了纪念；in favor of支持；in memory of为了纪念；in charge of负责；in terms of从角度；in need of需要；in praise of表扬；in view of鉴于；in return for作为对的回报；in response to对的答复或反应,(4)under名词 under control受控；under attack遭到攻击；under way在进行中；under discussion在讨论；under consid

10、eration在讨论/考虑中 (5)at名词 at work在工作；at play在玩耍；at dinner在吃饭；at ease轻松，自由自在；at war 在打仗,(6)on名词 on fire着火；on purpose故意地；on duty值日；on the phone在打电话；on leave在休假； on holiday在度假；on a walk在散步；on the rise/fall上升/下降；on sale出售；on show/exhibition展出；on business 出差；on ones way to在去的路上；on a visit/trip/tour出行 (7)to

11、ones情感名词 to ones surprise令某人惊讶的是；to ones joy使某人高兴的是；to ones disappointment令某人失望的是；to ones delight使某人高兴的是,2.注意下列短语中介词的用法 for nothing不花钱，免费 come across the room穿过房间 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 get paid by the week按周获得报酬 be particular about.对苛求、挑剔 with satisfaction满意地 be second to none不输于任何人；不比任何东西差 on o

12、nes own独自地,in great quantity大量地，大批量 in great demand需求量很大 take a turn for the better正朝更好的方向发展 keep an eye on照看，照料 with the help of在的帮助下 under the leadership of在的领导下 the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章 a bird in the tree树上的鸟 apples on the tree树上的苹果,tickets for the concert音乐会的票 in the direction of朝着的方向

13、from the direction of从的方向 set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样,3.下列短语中to 为介词 belong to属于 date back to追溯到 look forward to盼望；期望 be addicted to沉溺于 be accustomed to习惯于 be/get used to doing.习惯于做 be devoted to.致力于 stick to坚持,方法1汉语对照法 在高考试题中，考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的，这就涉及到一些表示方位的介词，这时可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题。,解题方法,典例1When you d

14、rive through the Redwood Forests in California，you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.(2017天津，12) A.among B.against C.behind D.below,解析句意为：当你驾车穿过加利福尼亚的红杉林时，你会置身在那些树龄超过1 000年的树木之间。among在当中，为所围绕，符合语境。against以为背景，衬托；behind在后面；below在下面。,答案,解析,典例2Dont you think this shirt is too tight _ the sh

15、oulders? A.across B.over C.above D.through,解析句意为：难道你不觉得这件衬衣肩部太紧了？across the shoulder从肩的一边到另一边。over，above指在上方；through指从事物的内部穿过。,答案,解析,典例3Sean has formed the habit of jogging _ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day. A.between B.along C.below D.with,解析句意为：Sean已经养成了每天沿林荫大道慢跑两个小时的习惯。between在两者之间；

16、along沿着；below在下方；with与在一起，用，随着。,答案,解析,方法2固定短语法 关于介词的固定搭配，在解答试题时，要注意从句子中找出中心词汇，也就是这个词和选项中的词能够构成一个固定搭配，符合句子意思，这样问题就会很快被解决。,典例1Many people who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry.(2017北京，35) A.at B.in C.on D.by,解析句意为：很多住在海边的人们靠渔业为生。“在行业”用介词in。此题容易忽视fishing后的名词industry，以为是靠捕鱼这种方式而错选D项。

17、,答案,解析,典例2The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _ influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us. (2016浙江，7) A.on B.in C.at D.about,解析句意为：该项研究表明，我们成长的文化环境会影响我们看我们周围的世界的基本过程。in the cultures在的文化中，为固定搭配，故选B。,答案,解析,典例3My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it

18、was crowded with tourists. A.by B.on C.for D.against,解析句意为：爸爸警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。warn sb.against doing sth.warn sb.not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事。,答案,解析,方法3利用置入法解决介词短语的相关题目 关于介词短语的相关题目，一般采用将介词短语置入句子，并进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键就是平时多积累相关知识，然后读懂题干的含义。,典例1That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you nee

19、d his help._，hes reliable.(2016浙江，6) A.Or else B.In short C.By the way D.For one thing,解析句意为：那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作，总是在你需要帮助的时候出现。总之，他是可靠的。or else否则，要不然；in short总之，简言之；by the way顺便说一下；for one thing一方面。 根据句意可知答案为B。,答案,解析,典例2I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just_. A.by nature

20、 B.in return C.in case D.by chance,解析句意为：我估计我们以前讨论过此事，不过我再问你一次只是以防(免)我记错了。by nature生来，本来；in return作为报答；in case以防万一，以免；by chance偶然地，意外地。由句意可以看出，in case为最佳答案。,答案,解析,典例3_ his being late again，he lost his job and had to stay at home. A.Owe to B.As result of C.In case of D.Because of,解析根据句意可知，逗号前应为原因状语，故

21、C项不对； A项应为owing to； B项应为as a result of。 故只有D项正确。,答案,解析,强化练(十二),1.It seems a little ugly to me. _，I think its rather beautiful.(2017红桥区二模，6) A.In other words B.On the other hand C.On the contrary D.In a nutshell,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析句意为：这对我来说有点难看。恰恰相反，我觉得它相当漂亮。on th

22、e contrary(与此)相反，正相反，符合句意。in other words换句话说；on the other hand另一方面；in a nutshell简而言之。,解析,2.Simply raise your hand，and a taxi appears _. (2017天津十二所重点中学二模，13) A.at no time B.at one time C.in no time D.for the time being,解析句意为：只要你招招手，出租车就会立即出现。in no time马上，立即，符合句意。at no time从未；at one time曾经，一度；for the

23、time being暂时。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.Your attitude _ life determines how happy or unhappy you are. (2017北京海淀区一模，23) A.towards B.with C.on D.for,解析句意为：你对生活的态度决定你有多快乐或不快乐。attitude to/towards对的态度。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.With the de

24、velopment of economy，our income has increased _ 10% in less than a year.(2017北京海淀区二模，31) A.for B.by C.on D.at,解析句意为：随着经济的发展，我们的收入在不到一年的时间里增长了10%。by表示数量的增减程度，符合句意。for为了；on在某方面；at(用于速度、比率等)以，达。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5.The debate here will be limited in two main respe

25、cts，_ the time available.(2017和平区一模，4) A.in view of B.in return for C.in addition to D.in comparison with,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析句意为：鉴于可用的时间，这里的辩论将限定在两个主要方面。in view of鉴于，由于，符合句意。in return for作为对的回报；in addition to除之外(还有)；in comparison with与相比较。,解析,解析句意为：希望这种新方法能有效地帮助学

26、生们实现他们的职业生涯规划。on track步入正轨，做法对头，符合句意。at hand在手边，在附近；at will任意，随意；on trial受审，在试验/测试中。,6.Hopefully，the new method will be effective，helping students to get their career plans _.(2017江苏南京二模，28) A.at hand B.at will C.on trial D.on track,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析on purpo

27、se故意地；by accident偶然地；on business出差；by mistake弄错。由语境“我知道你不是故意的”知A项正确。,7.Bless your heart，I know you didnt break the vase _.Dont cry！ (2017南开区一模，14) A.on purpose B.by accident C.on business D.by mistake,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.He is very tired，so he needs some time _

28、 duty for relaxation and rest. (2017天津一中5月考，8) A.through B.on C.with D.off,解析在英语中，on/off duty 分别译为“值日；放工”。句意为：他很累，所以他需要一些下班时间放松和休息。故选D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.Some traditional exercise like jogging，swimming and climbing may help people stay _.(2017河西区二模，13) A.in p

29、lace B.in order C.in fashion D.in shape,解析句意为：一些传统的运动，如慢跑、游泳和爬山或许能帮助人们保持健康。in shape处于良好状态，健康，符合句意。in place在适当的位置，准备就绪；in order井然有序；in fashion流行。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析句意为：我们许多人把阅读看作是对自己的一种投资，所以我们想学一些有用的东西来回报我们的努力是很自然的。in return for作为对的回报，符合句意。in view of鉴于；in resp

30、onse to作为对的回应；in parallel with与平行。,10.Many of us see reading as an investment in ourselves，so its only natural that we want to learn something useful _ our efforts. (2017江苏南京三模，21) A.in view of B.in response to C.in parallel with D.in return for,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,

31、20,11._ the consequences of the chemical leaks，the specialists havent given final conclusion before they obtain accurate statistics. (2016天津五校联考，27) A.With regard to B.As a result of C.In spite of D.In addition to,解析句意为：关于化学泄露所产生的后果，专家在拿到准确的数据之前，还没有给出最后结论。with regard to关于；as a result of由于的结果；in spit

32、e of尽管； in addition to除之外。故选A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.I told you to keep the dog _ the bed.I dont want dog hair all over the bedspread.(2016北京西城区二模，33) A.over B.along C.towards D.off,解析句意为：我告诉过你让狗离床远点。我不想让床单上到处都是狗毛。keep sb./sth.off sb./sth.使不接近(或不接触、远离)某人/事物。,答案,

33、解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.The magician picked several persons _ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.(2016江苏扬州一模，25) A.by accident B.at random C.at risk D.on average,解析句意为：魔术师从观众中随意挑选了几个人，请他们帮助他进行表演。by accident偶然；at random随便地；at risk冒险；on a

34、verage平均。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析句意为：他出生在一个以养鸭场和水果交易为生的华裔移民家庭。make a living from (doing) sth.make a living by (doing) sth.以(做)某事为生。,14.He was born in a Chinese immigrant family who made their living _ duck farming and fruit trading.(2016江苏百校联考，23) A.against B.in C

35、.from D.for,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,15.Id like several hundred books like this one. We may be _，but I can order some for you within two days. (2016河西区三调，4) A.in store B.out of control C.in short D.out of stock,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析句

36、意为：我想要几百本这样的书。我们可能没存货了，但是两天内我可以为你订购一些。out of stock无现货的，符合句意。in store储备着，有货；out of control失控；in short简言之。,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,16.He has set us a good example by serving people heart and soul，_ his personal gain and loss.(2016南开区一模，12) A.in terms of B.regardless of C.in favor of D.by means of,答案,解析句意为：他全心全意为人民服务，不计个人得失，为大家树立了好榜样。in terms of就而言；regardless of不管；in favor of支持；by mea