GrammarSummary (4).pptx

1、定语从句复习,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句,This is the house (which) we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的。 The man (whom/that/who) I met in the street was a driver. 我在街上碰到的那个人是个司机。 His mother, who loved him very much, died in 1998. 他的母亲很爱他, 但在1998年

2、去世了。,注意: 专有名词具有“独一无二”的含义, 通常只能由非限制性定语从句修饰。 Lu Xun, who died in 1936, was a famous writer in China. 鲁迅于1936年去世, 是中国一位著名的作家。 既可以作为限制性定语从句又可作为非限制性定语从句, 注意意义上的差别。 There are 20 students in this class who are from the northeast of China. 在这个班里, 有20名来自中国东北的学生。 There are 20 students in this class, who are f

3、rom the northeast of China. 这个班有20名学生, 他们来自中国的东北。,(一) 关系代词,关系代词与关系副词,that,(二) 关系副词,注意: 在口语和非正式场合, when, where和why或相当于关系副词的“介词which”结构可用that来代替并可省略。 Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink?你知道在哪儿我能喝杯酒吗？, why或that引导的定语从句, 先行词是reason, 且reason又作主句主语时, 表语从句不能用because引导, 而要用that引导。其句型为：The reason wh

4、y.is that.或The reason that.is that.。 The reason why he was late for school was that he was injured in the traffic accident on his way to school. 他上学迟到的原因是他在上学路上的交通事故中受伤了。 The reason that he explained at the meeting was that he had to look after his mother in hospital. 他在会上解释的原因是他不得不去照顾他住院的母亲。, “地点模糊

5、”的先行词后跟where引导的定语从句。当先行词为point, situation, conditions, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等表示某人/物所处的情况、发展的阶段或表达某事的某个方面时, 用where引导定语从句, where相当于from which, under which等, 表示“在这种情况下”, “从中”等。 Were just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk. 我们只是尽力

6、想能达到双方共同坐下来商谈的地步。,(三) 关系代词与关系副词的选择依据 1. 考虑代替先行词的关系词在从句中充当的语法成分, 如果关系词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语, 就用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中作状语, 就用关系副词。,The house,needs repairing.,他住的房子需要修理。,where he lives which/that he lives in,2. 辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原 因。 I dont like the man who always speaks ill of others. 我不喜欢总是说他人坏话的人。 I will never

7、 forget the days when we worked together. 我永远也忘不了我们在一起工作的日子。 3. 判断从句是限制性还是非限制性定语从句。 A dictionary is a book that gives the meanings of words. 词典是解释词语意思的书。 A dictionary is a book, which gives the meanings of words. 词典是一本书, 它给出词语的意思。,4. 判断关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语, 取决 于定语从句中的谓语动词。 This is the point where I disag

8、ree. 这就是我不同意的地方。(disagree为不及物动词, 故关系词用where。) This is the point (which/that) I disagree with. 这就是我不同意的地方。(从句缺少介词with的宾语, 用that/which引导, 也可以省略),1. 只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况。 (1) 先行词前有序数词或形容词用最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时，用that不用which。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. This is the

9、best film that I ever seen.,先行词,(2) 先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, something, anything, everything, none, nothing, some等时, 用that不用which。 Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。 All that can b

10、e done has been done. 所有能做的都做了。,(3) 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, one of, the only, the very, the right, the last, few, just等修饰时, 用that不用which。 All the guests that were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这

11、正是我要买的词典。 Give me any books that you would recommend. 给我你要推荐的书。,(4) 先行词既有人又有物, 兼顾两者, 用that不用 which。 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。 (5) 主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时, 用that不用which。 Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ Which is

12、the Tshirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？,(6) 当先行词在主句中作表语, 而且关系代词在定语从句中也作表语时, 用that不用which。 Shenzhen is no longer the city that it used to be. 深圳不再是过去的样子了。,(7) 主句是there be句型时, 修饰主语的定语从句用that不用which。 There is a seat in the corner that is still free. 在那个角落还有一个座位空着。 (8) 有两个定语从句时, 一个从句的关系代词已用which, 另一个要

13、用that。 The country built up a factory which produces things that have never been seen before. 这个国家建立了一个生产以前从未见到过的东西的工厂。,(9) 用作关系副词, 修饰表示时间的名词, 如day, time, moment等代替when时, 用that不用which。 It happened on the day that (when) he was born. 这事碰巧发生在他出生的那天。,2. 只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况 (1) 关系代词前有介词时, 用which不用tha

14、t。 The chair on which she sat is made of wood. 她坐的那把椅子是用木头做的。 (2) 引导非限制性定语从句时, 用which不用that。 Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. 足球, 一项非常有趣的运动, 在全世界流行。,(3) 先行词后面有插入语时, 用which不用that。 Here is the English grammar book which, as Ive told you, will help you improve y

15、our English. 这就是我告诉过你的那本英语语法书, 它能帮你提高英语水平。 (4) 先行词本身就是that时, 用which不用that。 Whats that which flashed in the sky just now? 刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么？,(5) 代表主句中谓语的整体概念时, 用which不用that。 He can swim in the sea, which I cant. 他能在大海里游泳, 我不能(在大海里游泳)。 (6) 代表整个主句时, 用which不用that。 He broke my cup, which made me angry. 他打破了

16、我的杯子, 这使我很生气。,3. 只用who而不用that引导定语从句的情况。 (1) 先行词是指人的不定代词, 如: one, ones, anyone, no one, those, all, nobody, anybody, none等时, 用who不用that。 People all like those who have good manners. 人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。 (2) 在there be句型中, 多用who指代人。 There are some people who want to have holidays in Hainan. 有一些想去海南度假的人。,(3) 当先行词指特定的人时, 关系代词多用who, 不指特定的人时, 多用that。 The aunt who