英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时过去分词构成讲解.ppt

1、Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?,石头初级中学,章燕,上一页,现在完成时,下一页,主菜单,Present Perfect Tense,现在完成时,主菜单,上一页,下一页,现在完成时的构成,现在完成时的主要用法,现在完成时的时间状语,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,have been 与have gone 比较,与一般过去时的用法比较,现在完成时的构成,主菜单,上一页,下一页,have (has）+ 过去分词,现在完成时的基本句型：,肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去

2、分词? 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.,规则动词过去分词的变化规则,1.一般情况下，在动词后加-edworkworkedlistenlistenedjumpjumped2.在以- e结尾的动词后只加-dcloseclosed likelikedagreeagreed3.在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加edstudystudiedcarrycarried trytried4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-edstopstopped dropdropped,move live love like,写出下列规则动词的过去式

3、和过去分词:,visit repair watch finish,verbed,以e结尾d,visited visited,repaired repaired,watched watched,finished finished,moved moved,lived lived,loved loved,liked liked,写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词:,stop mop shop plan,注:以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母ed,双写ed,study hurry,变y为ied,注:以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为ied.,stopped stopped,mopped m

4、opped,shopped shopped,planned planned,studied studied,hurried hurried,不规则动词的过去分词 1)AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）cost（花费）cost cost cut（割） cut cut Hit（打） hit hit hurt （伤害） hurt hurt put（放） put put read （读） read read(2) AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形） beat（跳动） beat beaten(3) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）become（变成） became become come（来）

5、came comerun（跑） ran run(4) ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）dig（挖 dug dughang（悬挂） hung hunghold（抓住） held held shine（照耀） shone shone,(5)ABC型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词均不同形）begin(开始） began begun rise（上升） rose risen,现在完成时的主要用法,上一页,下一页,- Its so dark. -Someone has turned off the light. (有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑),- Are you free? -I have

6、 finished my homework. I am free (我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空),主菜单,1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,现在完成时的主要用法,1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,现在完成时的运用(1): 1在表示“用法1”时，现在完成时常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连用。.,a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。,He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。 Has he alr

7、eady left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气） My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？,2. yet在现在完成时中的用法,否定句:句末 “还(没)”,疑问句: 句末 “己经”,Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?,b） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经”,We have never been

8、 to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？,c） just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）,He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。 They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作。,上一页,下一页,I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。 (从10年前开始,持续

9、到现在还在学) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已经游泳了半个小时 (半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游),现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态，也许还会持续下去。常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。,1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.,一段时间,2. since +,从句(一般过去时),单词,词组,(表示过去某一时间的)时间点,Eg. I hav

10、e been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,since: (自以来) 1)since+时间点 Hehasstayedheresince5oclock. 2)since+ 时间段+ ago Hehasstayedheresince5hoursago. 3)since+ 从句 ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. for: (长达） for+ 时间段 He has kept the book for 2

11、 weeks.,since , for 的用法:,Take notes,注1): since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气. Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.,注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has sto

12、od here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I_ already _ (watch) the football game . I _ (watch) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father _ just _ (move) the big chairs to the living room .He is tired now. 4. I _

13、 (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 5. I _ just _ (finish) my homew 6._ you _ (plan) where to go yet?,二、用since和for填空 1._two years 2._two years ago 3._last month 4._ 1999 5._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock 7 _ 4 hours 8._an hour ago 9. _we were children 10._ lunch time 11._ she left here 12. Ive known

14、 him _ we were children. 13. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.,三.对划线部分提问 1) I have been there for two days. _ _ _ you _ _? 2) My father has lived here since 2000. _ _ _ your father _ _?

15、3) He left here yesterday. _ _ he _ _? 4) They bought a book two hours ago. _ _ they _ a book?,现在完成时的时间状语,常与already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks these days, since for a long time 连用,上一页,下一页,主菜单,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,leave- come/go (to) - arrive (at/in)- get (to

16、)- reach- buy- borrow- finish-,join- start/begin- die- close- open- return- marry- become-,be away (from),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),have,keep,be over,be in/be a/an,be on,be dead,be closed,be open,be back,be married,be,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become, begin, buy, bo

17、rrow, come (go, arrive), die, finish, join, leave, 等。,上一页,下一页,为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。,主菜单,become be, begin have , borrow keep, buy have, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in， die be dead, finish be over, join be in （be a member of ） leave be away ( from),下一页,上一页,主菜单,但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。

18、如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。,上一页,下一页,主菜单, 翻 译 练 习： 1.我买了这块手表五年了。 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。,I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.,The old man has died for ten years. The old man has b

19、een dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,3.他已经回来三天了。 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 5.我离开家乡已十年了。,He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock.,I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hom

20、etown for 10 years.,W,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,have been 与have gone 的用法比较,have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”,上一页,下一页,主菜单,Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there, have you? 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to

21、 Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去过桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,与一般过去时的用法比较,一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,四)It is +一段时间 +since+句子(一般过去时) =一段时间+has passed +since + 句子(一般过去时),Eg. It i

22、s five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army.,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。,上一页,下一页, 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉

23、字典，现在他还有这本字典” 。,第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。,主菜单,二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时:,上一页,下一页,eg: I saw the film on television yesterday .,但since(自以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。,eg： They have known each other since 1950 .,Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.,主菜单,三常与一般过去时

24、连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语:,上一页,下一页,yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天), just now(刚才)， 时间+ ago, last +时间 等;,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.,We finished our task last week .,主菜单,上一页,现在完成时练习,主菜单,动 词 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an h

25、our ago. 2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there?,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) th

26、ere? She _(go) there by air. 6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year. 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year.,have read,has gone,did,go,went,have developed,gave,has given,下一页,上一页,主菜单,选用 for和 since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a lo

27、ng time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一页,上一页,主菜单,用Have been to, have gone

28、to, have been in 填空,Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop. _ you ever _ to kunming ? Never. Where _ you _ these days? Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Where is Peter? I dont know where he _. Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is loo

29、king for you.,have been in,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,改 错 1. How long have you begun to study English? 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. The river has become very dirty since last August. 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou

30、 on business. 5. He has gone out for two years.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned 2. -_the sports meeting might be put off.-Yes, it all depends on the weather.A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told

31、D I told 3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was