必修五unit1语法.ppt

1、This is a polluted river.,（过去分词作定语）,It is a flooded village.,Grammar,一、过去分词作 定语 1、构成: v +ed 或不规则的变化动词 2. 过去分词本身的含义: 不及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示动作的完成 fallen leaves 落叶 returned students 归国留学生 newly-arrived visitors 新到的客人 及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动及动作的完成。 the cold boiled water 冷开水 a developed country,3.位置： 单个过去分词作前置定语 : a

2、 recently-built house home-grown vegetables man-made fibers 过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动和或完成意义。 I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth The books written by Lu Xun are popular,a broken heart an organized trip,= a heart which is broken,= a trip which is organized,过去分词作前置定语还是后置定语，都可转换 为一个对应的定语从句。,the gi

3、rl dressed in white,=the girl who is dressed in white,the book written by Luxun,=the book which is written by Luxun, 过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。,He is one of those invited. Nothing reported in the newspaper will interest him. Is there

4、anything unsolved?,He visited the bridge built last year. The bridge to be built next year will be very large. Have you noticed the bridge being built now?,4. 动词的过去分词，不定式和动词-ing的被动形式 在句中都可做定语，表达被动的含义，但时间意义上不同。,二、过去分词作表语 1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。 e.g.：Everyone present is very inspir

5、ed at his speech 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。 Some problems still remained unsolved.,be动词和系动词,1、be 动词 2、表示变化的动词:become, get, turn, go, grow等 3、感官动词:look, feel, smell, taste, sound等 4、还有 stay, keep, remain, turn out 等,（）作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。,（）被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句

6、子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟by短语。,2、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：,The glass is broken. Our classroom is crowded,The glass was broken by Jack. The windows were closed by Tom last night.,现在分词与过去分词他们的区别,1.语态上,现在分词: 表示主动的动作,过去分词: 表示已经被动的动作,2.时间上,现在分词: 表示正在进行的动作,过去分词: 表示完成的意思,I heard someone opening the door . I heard the door ope

7、ned .,the falling leaves the fallen leaves,boiling water boiled water,the rising sun the risen sun,3. 现在分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的特征、特性。 过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的心理感受或状态。,The news is exciting. We were excited to hear it.,总结过去分词和V-ing形式的区别: 表主动的，进行的， 表特征-含有“令人”之意 表被动的，完成的， 表状态-含有“感到”之意,V-ing形式,过去分词,amusing, amused;

8、 encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; astonishing, astonished等。,英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：,A. Nobody was in the story he told. B. The story he told was very . ( interested, interesting ) 2. A. Everybody was to hear the

9、 news. B. The news is very indeed. ( excited, exciting ) 3. A. The result of the test was rather . B. He was very at the result of the test. ( disappointed, disappointing ) 4. A. What he said was very . B. I was very at the sight. ( amused, amusing ),Fill in the blank with proper words.,interested,i

10、nteresting,excited,exciting,disappointing,disappointed,amusing,amused,过去分词作定语和表语的区别: 定语 放在名词和代词的前面或后面 表示动作已经完成或被动的 表语 放在be 动词或系动词的后面 说明主语的状态或构成被动语态,Sum up,Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known,高考链接,B,解析：答案B。此处考查过去分

11、词作后置定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。,2. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded,高考链接,A,解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。,3. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with

12、 specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known,高考链接,D,解析：答案D。know与words，expressions，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。,4. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt,高考链接,B,解析：答案B。此处为

13、现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/that smells sweet。,2. The girl who is dressed in red is Kellys long-lost friend.= The girl _ is Kellys long-lost friend.,练习一 句型转换,A thief stole the goat that was tired to the tree.=A thief stole the goat _ to the tree.,tired,dressed in red,3. The castle,

14、 which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.= The castle, _ _, was never rebuilt.,burnt down in the sixteenth century,4. Father beat the son who was lost in the online games. =Father beat the son _ in the online games.,lost,5. The project, which was designed by the Chinese engi

15、neers, was constructed in only 2 year. = The project, _ _, was constructed in only 2 year.,designed by the chinese engineers,练习二 单句改错,They were all amusing at what he said. He was very exciting to hear the news that their team had won. The situation was a bit discouraged. Two pages in this dictionar

16、y are missed. Your mother is quite worrying about your stare of health.,As is known to us all, traveling is _, but we often feel _ when we are back from travels. A. interesting; tiredB. interested; tiringC. interesting; tiringD. interested; tired,A,练习三 单选,2. Hearing the _ news, we all felt _. A. enc

17、ouraging, encouraging, B. encouraged, encouraged C. encouraged, encouraging D. encouraging, encouraged,D,3. From the dates _ on the gold coin, it is confirmed that was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked,B,4. The _ look in her face suggested that s

18、he _ it before. surprising, wouldnt know surprised, hadnt known surprising, hadnt known surprised, shouldnt know,B,5. The picture writing _ long long ago is hard for us to understand today. having been drawn B. being drawn C. was drawn D. drawn,D,6. The man _ there is my uncle. A. seat B. seating C.

19、 to seat D. seated,D,7. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. written D. being written,C,Practice,1. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. be

20、en bought D. buying,2. With a lot of different problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled,B,C,3. Dont use words, expressions or phrase _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known

21、 D. known,4. When I got back, I saw a message to the door “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.” A. pin, read B. pinning, reading C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read,D,C,5、A boy Jack won the game. A boy himself Jack won the game. A. calling B. called,A,6、Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited,