托福写作第2课(第四版)——独立写作

1、交锋式写作法,泰迪教育创始人 祁连山老师,第二课 交锋式写作框架,一、独立写作授课重点 二、逻辑思维 三、独立写作篇章框架 四、开头段写法,一、授课重点,传统写作教学的误区：“背” 范文 模板 句型 词汇,2.授课重点,Logical thinking Structure Point Language,二、逻辑思维,Everyone should know where the nearest fire alarming box is located, and where exits, fire escapes and fire doors are.,1 2 3,I wanted her to

2、know that my heart was with her, and that I thought England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her.,1 2 3 4 5,But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with love when it was tendered.,1 2 4 3 5,English and Chinese think

3、ing,三、Structure:篇章框架,Structure:篇章框架,真题演练一,A teachers ability to relate well with students is more important than the knowledge of the subject being taught.,teacher knowledge relate respect job lose confidence demo class,teacher knowledge relate respect job interest promotion lose confidence demo cla

4、ss,主体段脉络图,B段：FirstlySecondly C段：HoweverFurthermore D段：AlsoIn addition,分论点之间的关联词,1.递进并列关系 In addition, additionally, besides, moreover, furthermore, what is more, also, firstlysecondly 2.转折关系 But, however, yet, nonetheless, nevertheless Although, though, while, even if/though（即使）, despite=in spite of

5、（名词）,四、开头段写法,第一句：对方观点 第二句：This argument may be true/seems reasonable. 第三句：For example,A段：对方观点段,有些人声称一个老师拥有的知识比老师与学生融洽相处的能力重要得多。 这个论断似乎是合理的。 例如，很多中国的大学，甚至高中，都要求申请教学岗位的应聘者提交博士学位，而这些博士学位证明了足够的知识的重要性。,A段：对方观点段,Some people claim that the knowledge that a teacher may own is much more crucial than the abil

6、ity of a teacher to get along well with students. This argument seems reasonable. For example, many Chinese universities, even senior schools, may ask the candidates who apply for their teaching positions to submit Doctors Degree, which proves the importance of sufficient knowledge.,B段：对方理由段,第一，一个有着

7、大量知识的老师将会从他或她的学生那里赢得尊敬。 这是因为学生们，尤其是大学水平的学生们，也许经常是如此聪明和智慧，以至于只有当这个老师对这门课有着深入的理解，他们才能对老师的工作表现出尊重和兴趣。 结果原因型,B段：对方理由段,Firstly, a teacher who has a large amount of knowledge will win respect from his or her students. This is because students, especially those who are at college level, may often be so sma

8、rt and intelligent that only when the teacher has deep understanding of the subject can they show respect for and interest in the teachers work.,B段：对方理由段,第二，与更多的知识相联系的更高的学历将会帮助申请教学岗位的申请者成功地找到工作 。 例如，当一个大学在选择潜在的雇员时，一个博士学位比一个硕士学位更有竞争力。 理论例子型,B段：对方理由段,Secondly, higher degrees associated with more knowl

9、edge will help applicants for teaching posts succeed in job hunting . For example, a Doctor is more competitive than a Master when a college is selecting potential employees.,C段：逐条反驳段,然而，尽管老师充分的知识能够带来学生的尊敬，但是当后者认为达到和他们的老师同样专业的程度是不可能完成的时候，他们也许会对学习丧失信心。 因此，他们可能会对自己的学习表现感到压抑，甚至于在学习上泄气。 原因结果型,C段：逐条反驳段,H

10、owever, although adequate knowledge of teachers could result in respect from students, the latter may lose confidence on their study when they think it is unachievable to be as professional as their teachers. Therefore, they would feel depressed about their academic performance and even be discourag

11、ed from learning the subject.,C段：逐条反驳段,而且，除了资格证书和学位之外，教职员工的候选人必须在面试的一个关键环节演示课中胜出，来展示他们与学生之间的互动和沟通。 反之，即使他们拥有博士学位这一充分知识的代表，如果他们没能赢得学生的欣赏，他们也将最终被证明是不适合做教师。 对比型,C段：逐条反驳段,Furthermore, apart from certificates or degrees, the candidates for teaching staff must succeed in their demo classes, a key step of

12、an interview, to show their interaction and communication with students. In contrast, even though they own Doctors, the symbol of sufficient knowledge, they will eventually turn out to be unqualified for being teachers if they fail to win students appreciation.,D段：己方理由段,而且，一个乐观和容易相处的、与学生保持良好关系的老师将会激

13、发学生们对于学习这门学科更大的兴趣。 根据最近一项在中国高中校园的调查，67%的学生把“我喜欢这个老师”作为他们喜欢某一门课的主要原因，而这展示了老师与学生保持好关系能力的重要性。 理论数据型,D段：己方理由段,Also, an optimistic and easy-going teacher who has a good relationship with his or her students will stimulate their greater interests in studying the discipline. According to a recent survey on campus of Chinese high schools, more than 67% of students rated I like the teacher as their major cause for being fond of a certain course, which demonstrates the significance of teachers ability to relate well with students.,作业：思考题,Renewable sources of energy (sun, wi