Mankiw economic lecture05 供需的微观基础.ppt

1、lecture five micro foundation of demand and supply，2007 Thomson south-western，消费者选择理论，The Theory of Consumer Choice，The The The，消费者选择理论，消费者选择理论是下一个问题：所有需求曲线向右下方倾斜吗？The budget constraint 3360 what The consumer can afford，The budget constraint depicts The limit on The consumption bundles that，预算限制：消费者

2、能买什么，预算限制线是对消费者能买的消费者组合的限制。人们消费低于预期的原因是他们受到收入的限制。The budget constraint 3360 what The consumer can afford，The budget constraint shows The various combinations of goods The consumer can afford，预算，figure 1 the consumers budget constraint，图1。消费者的预算限制，百事可乐佛罗伦萨百事可乐支出佛罗伦萨总支出(品脱) (狗) (美元) (美元) (美元)，The budg

3、et constraint 3360 what the consumer can afford，The consumer can afford.if the consumer buys no pizzas，he can afford 500 pints of PE psi(point b)。if he buys no Pepsi，he can afford 100 pizzas (point b)例如，如果消费者不买披萨，可以买500品脱百事可乐(B点)。如果他不买百事可乐(A点)，他可以买100条蟒蛇(A点)。figure 1 The consumers budget constraint，

4、quantity，of pizza，quantity，of PPS，预算限制：消费者能买什么，消费者的预算限制线消费者也能买50个比萨饼和250品脱的百事可乐产品。figure 1 the consumers budget constraint，quantity，of pizza，quantity；the budget constraint : what the consumer can afford，the slope of the budget constraint line equals the relative price of the two goods；the price of o

5、ne good compared to the price of the other . it measures the rate at which the consumer can trade one good for the other .预算限制：测量消费者可以用一种东西换另一种东西的比例。preferences : what the consumer wants，a consumers preference among consumption bundles may be illustrated with indifference curves、figure 2 the consume

6、rs preferences、quantity、of pizza、quantity、of，表示偏好的无差异曲线，消费者认为A，B，C的组合没有差别，或者因为在同一无差异曲线上，所以同样幸福。极限替换率无差异曲线上所有点的斜率称为极限替换率。那是消费者愿意用一种物品代替另一种东西的比例。消费者为了补偿放弃一个单位的其他物品而必须得到一个茄子物品的数量。figure 2 the consumers preferences、quantity、of pizza、quantity、ofAre bowed inward，无差异曲线四茄子功能，首选高无差异曲线，首选低无差异曲线。无差异曲线向右下方倾斜。无差

7、异曲线交叉渡边杏。无差异曲线凸面原点。four properties of indifference curves，Property 1: higher indifference curves are preferred to lower ones . consumers usually prefer消费者通常喜欢比少的多。更高的无差异曲线代表了比低无差异曲线更多的物品。figure 2 the consumers preferences、quantity、of pizza、quantity、of a consumer is equally happy at all points along a given indifference curve，如果要减少无差异曲线第四位的东西量，消费者也要同样幸福，就必须增加其他东西的量。 一个项目的数量减少，另一个项目的数量必须增加。因此，大部分无差异曲线向右下方倾斜。请记住，给定的无差异曲线点给消费者的幸福感是相同的。figure 2 the consumers preferences、quantity、of pizza、quantity、preferencesb点和C点也能使消费者同样