the infinite.ppt

1、动词不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to drink cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,非谓语动词用法比较详析,不定式的时态和语态 时态: 三态 to do/

2、to be doing/ to have done 一般式表示的动作通常与句中谓语动作同时或在其后发生 eg: We saw him go to the shop. 进行式表示不定式的动作正在进行. eg: He pretended to be working hard. 完成式表示不定式动作在谓语动作/状态前发生. eg: Im glad to have seen your mother. I happened to have read the book.,不定式或不定式短语可起名词，形容词和副词的作用，在句中做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。 一，不定式在句中的作用： 1、主语：

3、不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。 eg: To make a new dress takes her a lot or time. Not to get there in time is your fault. 注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,句型1：It + 谓语 + to do eg: It takes us an hour to get there by bus. 句型2：Its + n. + to do eg: Its our duty to help the poor. 句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do st

4、h.,注：for/of sb to do sth 为不定式复合结构 句中不定式需要有逻辑主语时，常用for+名词(或代词宾语)+不定式，构成不定式的复合结构。 如：It is very important for us to learn English well. 但某些形容词如kind, clever, foolish, wise, nice, generous, silly, stupid等，是表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征的，常用of引导不定式的逻辑主语。 如 It was wise of him to do that.,2) for引起的复合结构在句中可做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语

5、等。 eg: Another method is for them to leave at once. (表语) Wed better find some work for the children to do. (定语) He put the paper on desk for you to read. (状语) What he told her made it impossible for him to go on her work. (宾语) Its common for leaves to fall form the trees in autumn. (主语),2、做表语：主语+系动词

6、+不定式 1). 其主语多为抽象名词(wish, need) eg: My wish is to be a scientist. The main thing is to keep our room clean. 2). 不定式to let, to blame, to seek做表语,主动表被动. eg: The house is to let. 注 be to do可构成将来时态,表 “打算/计划/应该”; be是助动词，无词义,其主语为具体名词(人/事物); 此时不定式是谓语的一部分,而不是表语. eg: She is to return next week.,3. 做定语: 不定式做定语

7、总是放在它所修饰的名词之后,不定式表示的行为通常是未来的行为,它们常和被修饰的词有动宾关系,主谓关系和修饰性关系. 1). 动宾关系: I have a lot of work to do. Give me a piece of paper to write on. 2). 主谓关系: She is the best person to finish the work. Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboat. 3). 修饰性关系(同位),它所修饰的词多为抽象名词. need, way, right, chance,

8、 courage, reason, wish, eg: There is no need for him to come.,4. 做状语: 1). 目的状语: 可放于句首,也可放于句末, 前面可加in order/so as/soas to表强调. eg: He went to see the artist himself. He stopped to have a look. He ran so fast as to get to school in time. 2). 结果状语:主要用在enough to/tooto/only to结构中。 eg: The question is too

9、difficult to answer. They worked hard enough to finish their work.,3). 原因状语: 主语+系动词+adj.+ to do a). 表感情的adj.有: happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(忧虑), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong. eg: Im very sorry to see you. He was afraid to leave him home. b). 说明句中主语在哪个方面存在形容词所表示的情况时,即与句中主语构

10、成逻辑上的动宾关系，主动表被动. interesting, difficult, easy, important, possible, expensive, dangerous, useful. eg: The question is easy to answer. He is difficult to teach.,5. 做宾语: 不定式做宾语的情况，一般表示将来的行为,这时谓语和不定式的动作都是主语发出的. 1). 下列动词只能接不定式做宾语. . plan, choose, manage, learn, pretend, agree, decide, refuse，promise, pr

11、epare, offer, fail, hope, wish, expect, ask，demand, want, hesitate,2). 不定式做动词tell, teach, know, show, find out, discover, see(understand)的宾语时,不定式前常加连接代词who, which, what和连接副词how, when, where构成不定式短语做宾语. eg: I dont know how to get there. 注: why不能与不定式连用. 3). begin, start, continue 后接不定式,动名词意思一样. 4). lik

12、e, love, hate, prefer动名词表经常性的动作，不定式表一次性动作.,5). remember, forget, regret后动名词表已经做过的动作,不定式表没有做过或将要做的动作. 6). stop, try, go on, mean, be afraid, propose 后两者都可, 但意义不同. propose to do计划,打算做 propose doing 建议做 7). a). prefer doing to doing prefer to do rather than do b). be used to doing used to do c). be wor

13、th doing be worthy of being done be worthy to be done,6. 做宾补(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系) 1). 有些动词(短语)必须接to的不定式做宾补 ask, warn, want, allow, permit, order, advise, force, beg, cause, encourage, invite, persuade, get, require, prefer, expect, use 注 (allow/permit/advise doing sth),2). 与表示说话或心理状态的动词say, report,

14、 believe, suppose, think, understand, consider等的被动语态连用. eg: He is said to have written a new book about workers. 3). 与表示希望，期望，意愿的动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, think, want, wish的过去时态连用，表曾经打算设想做却没做的事. eg: They expected to have gone to the match, but the tickets were all sold. They had expected t

15、o go to the match.,注、区分不定式小品词to和介词to ： 1.下列to为不定的小品词，后接动词原形： be able to,be about to,have to,ought to,tooto,in order to,so as to,used to等。 You ought to follow your fathers advice. 2.下列to为介词，后接名词、代词或V-ing形式： pay attention to,look forward to,be/get used to(习惯于),lead to,stick to,belong to,devote oneself

16、 to等。 如：Im looking forward to seeing you again.,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (MET99) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. (NMET2000) A. expected B. to expect C. to be

17、 expecting D. expects,高考题汇集：,3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. (MET1998),to invent B. inventing C. to have invented C. having invented,4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (MET2003),much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too mu

18、ch D. too heavy much,5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (NMET95),A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,6. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. (MET 97),to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking,7.There are five pairs _,bu

19、t Im at a loss which to buy.(1999上海高考),to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing,8. _late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考),A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep,9. With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard ti

20、me. (2002年上海春季高考),settled B. settling C.to settle D. being settled,10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_in making the earth a better place to live. (2003上海春季高考),A.to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing,11. In order to gain a bigger share in th

21、e international market, many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive. ( 2002上海春季高考),to make B. making C. to have made D.having made,12. The teacher asked us_so much noise. (2003北京春季高考),A.dont make B. not make,C. not making D. not to make,4. Mary is always the first student to

22、 answer the teachers questions in class. A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risen 5. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day? - _enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting 6.Would you be so kind us out? -With pleasure. A. helping B. in

23、 helping C. help D. as to help,7. Wet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel according to the rule. A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking,8. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying,9. In Australia he made a lot of friends _a very practical knowledge of English. get B. getting C. to get D. got,EXERCISES1.You had better _ your hair cut.A. had B. have C to get D to have2 We _ put the meeting off f