高考英语二轮模块专题复习课件-阅读简答[新课标湖南省].ppt

1、目录,专题一记叙文 专题二 说明文 专题三 其他文体,模块 6阅读简答,模块 6阅读简答,模块 6 考纲解读,阅读简答题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上，用不超过所规定的词数要求，简要地回答有关文章内容的问题。旨在考查在阅读理解的基础上用英语进行书面表达的能力。具体地说，其能力测试的主要要求是： 1阅读简答题是建立在阅读理解的基础上的，要准确地表达信息，首先需准确地理解信息，因此需要考生具有一定的阅读能力。具体地说，考生应能：,模块 6 考纲解读,(1)能识别不同文体的特征； (2)能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句； (3)理解主旨和要义； (4)既能理解文中具体信息，又能理解文章深层次含义； (5

2、)根据上下文推断生词的词义； (6)作出简单的推理和判断； (7)理解文章的基本结构； (8)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。,模块 6 考纲解读,2简要回答问题，其实是对考生的英语表达能力和概括能力的考查。具体地说，考生应能： (1)准确使用语法和词汇； (2)根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要； (3)使用一定的句型和词汇，清楚、准确地叙述事情或表达观点和态度。,模块 6 命题分析,分析历年高考阅读简答真题，可归纳出其命题特点为： 1语篇特点：体裁多为说明文、议论文和应用文，也有记叙文。文章结构清楚，脉络清晰，易于把握。2007年高考英语湖南卷“阅读简答题”的语篇为新闻报道，主要报道关于北磁极移动的

3、最新发现。文章第一段为全文主题段，指出北磁极正朝西伯利亚方向移动；下文接着分别介绍北磁极移动的原因、移动的速度及其影响。 2008年高考英语湖南卷阅读简答题为一篇关于国,模块 6 命题分析,际冰雕锦标赛的说明文。首段提出主题：每年元月，来自世界各地的14支队伍前来瑞士参加国际冰雕锦标赛。之后分别介绍参赛队伍创作冰雕作品的方法与过程、冰雕作品的评奖细则以及参赛队伍对锦标赛的体会等。2009年高考英语湖南卷阅读简答题为一篇记叙文，文章首先简要介绍巧克力棒的发明者Milton S. Hershey在性格上令人敬畏的一面，而后通过“我爷爷”和Milton S. Hershey之间的一件事来体现Milt

4、on S. Hershey在性格上亲切和幽默的一面。2010年高考英语湖南卷阅读简答题也为一篇记叙文，讲述圣诞节送礼物的故事，文章生动有趣，同样情节分明，易读易懂。,模块 6 命题分析,2选材特点：题材多为考生熟悉的日常话题和最新科技发现或发明，易于理解，文章简短，词数260340不等，易于考生利用7分钟左右的时间答好此题。2007年湖南高考阅读简答题的语篇共265词，报道自然科学的最新发现北磁极的移动；2008年阅读简答题的语篇共335词，介绍国际冰雕锦标赛；2009年阅读简答题的语篇共302字，叙述了一个体现Milton S. Hershey在性格上亲切和幽默的故事；2010年阅读简答题的

5、语篇共300词，讲述感人的圣诞送礼故事。四篇选材均符合考生的认知特征和评判取向。,模块 6 命题分析,3设题特点：该题型原设三个小题，自2010年高考开始改设四个小题。为了考查考生获取与处理信息的能力以及用英语进行思维和表达的能力，设问考查方向有四种，即：词汇语义题(要求从文中找到一个与所给生词意义最近的代换词，考查考生联系上下文理解词义的能力)；细节考查题(针对文章某细节内容提问，要求用不超过所规定的词数回答问题)；主旨大意题(针对文章主旨提问，一般询问大意中心思想及文章标题，同样要求用不超过所规定的词数回答问题)；逻辑推理题(针对文章内容要求考生经逻辑推理后，用不超过规定的词数回答问题)。

6、四种题型在近四年湖南高考英语试题中的分布情况如下：,模块 6 命题分析,模块 6 应试点睛,一、答题要求 1限制性与开放性：在答题内容上要紧扣问题，切中题意，但在组织语言上具有开放性，考生可用不同语句表达相同主题。 2概括性与针对性：答题语句要针对题意高度概括，词数不得超过要求。可采用一些小技巧进行形式上的浓缩，比如，可利用缩写，将could not缩写为couldnt；把两个词合成一个复合词，比如doubleworker；尽量用词或短语代替句子，尽量用简单句代替复合句等。,模块 6 应试点睛,3完整性和正确性：回答问题的语句要完整、正确，要求用完整的简单句，但受词数限制，也可用省略句。 4规

7、范性和严谨性：答题要规范、严谨，避免语言错误。组织答案要认真细致，避免使用不熟悉的句型、词汇或短语，尽可能利用原文中的关键词语回答问题。要避免语言形式错误，如拼写错误、标点符号错误、大小写，特别是回答问题时要注意首字母要大写。未完成句要注意全句结构是否一致。同时避免语法错误，要注意主谓是否一致、时态与原文是否对应等。,模块 6 应试点睛,二、答题步骤 1浏览试题，画出试题关键词 通过读题，画出题目所需信息的关键词，一可预测文章内容，二便于在阅读文章时有的放矢查读有效信息，节省阅读时间。可结合四个小题所涉及的内容来预测文章内容，如此带着预测，再结合寻找问题关键词的目的去阅读课文，自然就显得容易而

8、且使之有的放矢，提高了阅读效率。,模块 6 应试点睛,2带着问题速读文章，根据试题关键词定位答题信息 在浏览试题，预测文章内容的基础上速读文章，其主要目的是为了找到答题所需信息，而所需信息肯定与试题关键词有关，故可采用“skim”阅读法，即：紧扣关键词，浏览全文，找出信息句。阅读时，与关键词无关的句子或段落要速读，而与关键词相关处要细读，因为试题关键词处不仅仅是答题的关键之处，也是揭示全文主题所在。,模块 6 应试点睛,3推敲理解信息句，遣词组句答问题 做好阅读简答题此步是关键。因为受词数限制，不能全部用原用信息句作答，而要深层次地推敲理解信息句，提炼概括出有针对性的语句作答。其主要方法有三：

9、一是采用转换词性、采用代词、单词代短语、语句转换、提炼主要信息舍弃次要信息等方法精简语句；二是用概括性的语句归纳信息句；三是采用文章上下文中的有关提示语或信息句中的关键词作答，即：尽量用短文中出现的词组或短语，句子的用词也应以短文中出现的关键词为先。若非要用自己的语言组织、表达不可时，则要注意句子结构的精炼、完整和时态的正确。,模块 6 题型探究,探究点一词汇语义题,词汇语义题目的在于考查考生转述(paraphrase)或解释(explain)某个词或短语在特定场合下的特定含义的能力。其出题方式为：Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to

10、 the underlined word “”. 重点考查动词、名词、形容词、副词等实词或动词短语。回答该题时所用词必须与问题中的原词在词性和词的形式上均要一致，如，要么都是动词，且都为动词过去式或动词现在分词形式；或要么都是名词，且都用名词复数形式。,模块 6 题型探究,解题时，要找出原词在文章中的同义词或近义代换词，一要注意理解原词在所在句的逻辑意义，如，解释什么与什么之间的关系，修饰什么事物等；二要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分，以此推敲猜测原词的意义，借此帮助寻找文中的代换词。,模块 6 题型探究,例如：2007年湖南高考英语卷第73题：Find

11、 in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “angling”. 分析画线词所在句“It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia.”可知，angling在此陈述北磁极的现状，说明北磁极与西伯利亚之间的关系，即：北磁极正朝西伯利亚方向“angling”。借此分,模块 6 题型探究,析给予的提示，不难找到信息句“the north magnetic pole is moving due to natural

12、changes in the Earths magnetic field”和“the pole has been migrating at an average speed of about 10 kilometers per year”。由此推断，angling即意为“moving/migrating”。,模块 6 题型探究,探究点二细节设问题,这类题所占比重最大，以how，what, why提问的问题为主。一般说来考生在文章中找到答案出处并不太难，难的是如何处理、转换信息，从而归纳出问题的答案。因为简答题要求考生既要用最简短的语言，又不能原封不动地照搬原文的整句话。此外，在回答细节题时，一

13、定要注意提问方式和答案的协调性。不同类型的问题要求有不同形式的回答，不能仅仅为了答案的简洁而忽略了问题与回答在形式上的对应。例如：就目的提,模块 6 题型探究,问，就应该用表示目的的用语作答，例如使用for短语，不定式短语；就原因提问，答案就应当用because of短语或 because从句，也可用不定式短语作答；就事件的可能性提问，答案通常用简短而完整的简单句；提问词是what，多能用名词或名词性短语、名词性从句来回答，提问词是how，则多用“by doing sth./by means of sth.”的形式回答。,模块 6 题型探究,例如：2009年湖南高考英语卷第73题：What d

14、id Grandfather do in Hersheys factory? (回答词数不超过12个)是就事件的可能性提问，故可用简单句作答为：He pushed the vats of warm chocolate to a storage area.,模块 6 题型探究,2008年湖南高考英语卷第73题：What kind of tools are the sculptors Not permitted to use? (回答词数不超过6个)，根据第二段的有效信息句“The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on

15、 hard iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.”用名词性短语作答为：“The tools that use electricity.”。 湖南省2007,模块 6 题型探究,年高考考试大纲英语科补充说明提供的阅读简答题样题的75题：What is the villagers main purpose to rebuild their community? (回答词数不超过6个)。此题提问目的，可用不定式短语回答：To keep their culture alive./To save

16、 their way of life.,模块 6 题型探究,探究点三主旨大意题,此类题常见的提问方式有：What is the main idea of the passage/text? What is the passage /text mainly about? What is the best title for this passage/passage? 回答这类题的关键是要抓住文章的主旨句。而文章的主旨句大多出现在三个位置：文章首句，一段末二段首转折后信息，文章末句。但考生应注意不可照抄原句，而需重新归纳组织、概括(有的只需稍作归纳或略作改写主题句即可)。主旨句为判断句式，具有高度

17、概括性。其答问形式有两种：,模块 6 题型探究,简单句式和词组式(多为名词词组或动词词组)。例如，2007年湖南高考英语卷第75题，全文主题句为首段中的“It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia.”，由下文语义逻辑关系可以推断angling即为“移动”之意，再结合全文内容稍加归纳，可以判断答案为：The north magnetic pole is moving faster. 答题形式为简单句式。再如：,模块 6 题型探究,请根据某文首段“One thing Britain is f

18、amous for is pubs, and no trip to the UK would be complete without a visit to one of the thousands of pubs across the country.”回答问题：“What is the best title of the passage? (回答词数不超过5个)”。问题明显是主旨题，直接对应首句，该句是由系动词is构成的判断句，具有高度概括性，告诉读者整篇文章在围绕英国的pub进行论述，由此判断最佳标题为：Pubs in the UK。答题形式为名词词组式。,模块 6 题型探究,探究点四逻辑

19、推理题,逻辑推理题旨在考查考生根据已知信息进行合理推断的逻辑思维能力，要求根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节暗示，推敲作者态度，理解文章寓意后再作回答。提问方式通常为：Why？What can be inferred/concluded from？ What is the authors attitude toward？What does the author use the examples ofto show?,模块 6 题型探究,逻辑推理题要求考生在理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵，进行合理的推断。具体地说，要注意：要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是

20、推理的前提和基础；要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理；要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行推断，切忌主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测； 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，,模块 6 题型探究,了解语篇的结构，把握作者的写作思路。例如，2008年湖南高考阅读简答题的75小题：Why did Team USA win the competition in 2006? (回答词数不超过15个)。文章只是在倒数第二段提到美国队在2006年冰雕锦标赛上荣获冠军，但未直接提到获奖原因，而需考生作一定的逻辑思维推理：既然美国队的冰雕作品能获奖，自然是因为评委

21、们认为他们的作品是最好的。,模块 6 题型探究,评委们又是根据什么确认他们的作品是最好的呢？自然就想到了评奖细则。而文章第四段“The judges then vote on creativity, technical skills, and visual impact of the designs.”就提到了评奖细则。由此可判断作答为：Because its sculpture was judged the best for creativity, technical skills and visual impact.,模块 6 题型探究,再如2009年湖南高考阅读简答题的74小题：Why

22、didnt Hershey fire Grandfather? (回答词数不超过10个)，文中没有直接用一个句子说出我爷爷保住工作的原因，而是通过最后一段Hershey所说的话“Its not your fault son. I need to watch where Im going.”来暗示Hershey没有解雇我爷爷的原因是因为他意识到错在自己而不是爷爷，由此可判断作答为Because he realized it was his own fault./Because he realized it was not Grandfathers fault/mistake.,专题一记叙文,专题

23、 一 记叙文,专题 一 考题导读,记叙文(含夹叙夹议文)是湖南高考阅读简答的主要体裁之一。其主要特点是以记叙为主，辅以各种综合表达方法，包括描写、说明、议论和抒情等。通过对人和事的描写表达作者的思想感情和中心思想。记叙的要素包括时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果，即我们常说的五个w(who，what，when，where，why)。记叙文的另一特点,专题 一 考题导读,就是有一定的叙事线索，如：人物线索(人物的经历、见闻、感受等)、事件线索(中心事件的来龙去脉)、感情线索(作者或作品中主要人物的思想感情变化)、时间线索、地点和空间线索等。作者在叙述过程中往往会融入人物的语言、行为、心理的

24、描写，这在一定程度上增加了考生理解文章的难度。这时，考生必须理清上下文的脉络，对人物的语言、行为、心理等给出合理的想象和推理，并仔细揣摩作者的用意，从而透彻理解文意，达到对语境的准确理解，这样才能准确有效地快速找到答题所需的有效信息句。,专题 一 真题再现,2010湖南 Secret Santas On Christmas morning, Linda wakes up, and tries to imagine the wideeyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she care

25、fully chose for them. Linda has never met the children, but thats all part of the joy of giving as secret Santas, she says.,专题 一 真题再现,“Its an amazing feeling to buy gifts on an anonymous (匿名的)basis，” says Linda. “It brings a whole new meaning to the holidays.” Linda and Tony are an American couple l

26、iving in Toronto, Canada, and Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Womens Club of Toronto. As the name suggests, members are US. citizens living in Toronto, who join together for fellowship and community service.,专题 一 真题再现,To find her “adopted” family, Linda goes to the local school

27、s and requests a wish list for a family thats struggling to survive. Last year she helped a single mother with three children. The mother works as a cleaning lady in a nursing home. “The list is always heartbreaking. They have an opportunity to ask for anything and do just the opposite, asking for b

28、asic clothes or simple toys，” she says. “We always buy the kids a new winter coat, hats, and gloves.” She also buys gifts for the parents.,专题 一 真题再现,Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish listone that didnt include the basics. “Every child should have a Christmas that sticks with them fo

29、r a lifetime.” She purchased iPods for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest.“I have learned a very valuable lesson in all of this，” says Linda. “Pay attention to whats going on in your own backyardno matter where you live.” The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweete

30、r when the gift is anonymous.,专题 一 真题再现,1What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have? (no more than 5 words) _ 2Why did Linda join the American Womens Club of Toronto? (no more than 10 words) _ 3Why did Linda ask for a second wish list？(no more than 15 words) _ 4What kind of people does

31、“secret Santas” in the passage refer to？(no more than 12 words) _,专题 一 真题再现,【文章大意】 本文为记叙文。讲述圣诞节匿名送礼的故事。 1They will feel greatly surprised.根据第一段“Linda wakes up, and tries to imagine the wideeyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them.”可判断作答。

32、,专题 一 真题再现,2She joined it for fellowship and community service.根据第三段“Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Womens Club of Toronto. As the name suggests, members are US. citizens living in Toronto, who join together for fellowship and community service.”可判断作答。,专题 一 真题再现,3She wanted to

33、 give the children some other gifts rather than the basics. 根据倒数第二段“Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish listone that didnt include the basics.”和“She purchased iPods for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest.”可推断作答。 4It refers to people who give away anonymous

34、 gifts on Christmas.综合第一段和最后一段可推断作答。,专题 一 专题预测,(一) Tom Heaffey, a bright 18yearold man, has just graduated from middle school. Yet just three years ago, he was actually predicted to fail his exams. Remarkably, his life has been changed by a pair of blue glasses, which have enabled him to read proper

35、ly for the first time.,专题 一 专题预测,Tom suffers from visual stress. Without glasses, when he looks at a printed page, the text appeared to be unclear and distorted(失真的). Other symptoms include headaches. When Tom was a child, his mother Sarah knew he was performing badly at school. “He used to say the

36、words were jumping. Eye tests showed his sight was normal, so his teachers concluded he was a slower learner.”,专题 一 专题预测,“Trying to read was tiring and gave me headaches, so I couldnt concentrate for long，” recalls Tom. It was not until three years ago that he was diagnosed with visual stress. Accor

37、ding to Arnold Wilkins, professor of Essex University, the condition is a result of the neurons(神经元)in the visual part of the brain.,专题 一 专题预测,“Different neurons in the brain react to different colors，” explains Prof. Wilkins. “We discovered that using colored lenses(透镜)reduces the overactivity of t

38、hese neurons.” As a patient will respond differently to each color, Prof Wilkins developed the Intuitive Colorimeter, a testing device that diagnoses the exact color an individual needs.,专题 一 专题预测,Patients are asked to read text on a machine that can cause 110,000 different colors. The correct shade

39、 will allow the patient to read clearly. This information is used to make the right color of colored lens. Toms lenses are blue. When he first put on his glasses, he felt emotional. “Suddenly, when I looked at a book, I could see how I should always have been able to see.”,专题 一 专题预测,By doing three h

40、ours of extra work after school every night, Tom passed ten examinations, with one A and three Bs. “Mum cried when I got my results，” he says. 1What are the symptoms of visual stress？(no more than 7 words) _ 2How do colored lenses deal with visual stress？(no more than 15 words) _,专题 一 专题预测,3What is

41、the use of the Intuitive Colorimeter？(no more than 8 words) _ 4According to the last paragraph, why could Tom pass his examinations successfully？(no more than 9 words) _,专题 一 专题预测,1Unclear and distorted sight and headache.根据第三段“Without glasses, when he looks at a printed page, the text appeared to b

42、e unclear and distorted(失真的). Other symptoms include headaches.”可判断作答。 2By reducing the overactivity of the neurons in the visual part of the brain. 根据文中“We discovered that using colored lenses(透镜)reduces the overactivity of these neurons”可判断作答。,专题 一 专题预测,3Diagnosing the exact color an individual ne

43、eds. 根据文中“Prof Wilkins developed the Intuitive Colorimeter, a testing device that diagnoses the exact color an individual needs”可判断作答。 4Because he studied for three hours every night.根据最后一段“By doing three hours of extra work after school every night”可判断作答。,专题 一 专题预测,(二) Freda Bright says, “Only_in_o

44、pera_do _people_die_of_love.” Its true. You really cant love somebody to death. Ive known people to die from no love, but Ive never known anyone to be loved to death. We just cant love one another enough.,专题 一 专题预测,A heartwarming story tells of a woman who finally decided to ask her boss for a raise

45、 in salary. All day she felt nervous and apprehensive. Late in the afternoon she summoned(鼓起)the courage to approach her employer. To her delight, the boss agreed to a raise.,专题 一 专题预测,The woman arrived home that evening to a beautiful table set with their best dishes. Candles were softly glowing. H

46、er husband had come home early and prepared a festive meal. She wondered if someone from the office had tipped him off, ordid he just somehow know that she would not get turned down?,专题 一 专题预测,She found him in the kitchen and told him the good news. They embraced and kissed, then sat down to the won

47、derful meal. Next to her plate the woman found a beautifully lettered note. It read: “Congratulations, darling! I knew youd get the raise! These things will tell you how much I love you.”,专题 一 专题预测,Following the supper, her husband went into the kitchen to clean up. She noticed that a second card ha

48、d fallen from his pocket. Picking it off the floor, she read: “Dont worry about not getting the raise! You deserve it anyway! These things will tell you how much I love you.”,专题 一 专题预测,Someone has said that the measure of love is when you love without measure. What this man feels for his wife is tot

49、al acceptance and love, whether she succeeds or fails. His love celebrates her victories and soothes her wounds. He stands with her, no matter what life throws in their direction. Upon receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, Mother Teresa said: “What can you do to promote world peace? Go home and love your

50、 family.” And love your friends. Love them without measure.,专题 一 专题预测,1How did the woman feel when she decided to ask her boss for a higher salary？(no more than 3 words) _ 2According to the passage, how do you understand the underlined sentence in the first paragraph? (no more than 8 words) _ 3What

51、is the best title of this passage？(no more than 4 words) _,专题 一 专题预测,4Please use several words to describe the husbands personalities. (no more than 4 words) _ 1Nervous and apprehensive.根据第二段“All day she felt nervous and apprehensive”可判断作答。 2We can never love a person enough./No one will be loved to

52、 death./You really cant love somebody to death. 根据第一段“Its true. You really cant love somebody to death.”可判断作答。,专题 一 专题预测,3Love without measure综合全文再结合最后一段“Love them without measure.”可推断作答。 4Considerate, warmhearted and kind.根据故事中所描述的丈夫为妻子所做的一切可推断作答。,专题二说明文,专题 二 说明文,专题 二 考题导读,说明文也是阅读简答题常见的体裁之一。把握说明文的语

53、篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的常见写作顺序有：时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)，认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。文章通常层次清晰，整体性强，易读易懂。,专题 二 真题再现,2008湖南 Every January, Breckenridge hosts the International Snow Sculpture Championships. Fourteen teams travel from all over the world to Switzerland to com

54、pete. Teams sculpt for sixtyfive hours over five days. Each team hopes that when the time is up, its sculpture will be judged the best.,专题 二 真题再现,As the championship begins, the fourteen teams are faced with huge blocks of snow that weigh twenty tons each. The sculptors bring out their favorite tool

55、s that work best on the hard iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.,专题 二 真题再现,Most teams are inspired by what they have seen in daily life. For example, one team carved a teapot with tea pouring out. Another team sculpted a little cat on its hind feet(后脚)reaching i

56、nto a fish bowl complete with water ripples(涟漪)and a crab(螃蟹)trying to attack the cat. In 2006, Team USA sculpted a golden dog looking at its image reflected in a mirror. To create the effect that the little dog saw its reflection in the glass, the artists carved two dogs facing each other with thei

57、r paws(脚爪)touching.,专题 二 真题再现,As the final hours of the competition tick by, exhausted team members add lastminute detail. They use small brooms to brush off snow caught in tiny holes. One team member counts down the last five minutes while others are busy cleaning up the tools. If they leave any tools behind, they will be out. When the whistle bows, everyone must step away from the sculpture. The judges then vote on creativity, technical skills, and visual impact (视觉效果)of the designs.,专题 二 真题再现,In 2006, Team U