初升高衔接词和句子.ppt

1、词类和句子,一.词类,n. : 名词(noun) adj.：形容词(adjective) adv.：副词(adverb) num.：数词(numeral) conj.：连词(conjunction) pron.：代词(pronoun) prep.：介词(preposition) interj.：感叹词(interjection) art.：冠词(article) V：动词(verb),二.句子成分,句子的成分：组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，即：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语和同位语。,Members of sentence: S - subject P - predicativ

2、e O - object Attri.-attributive Adv.- adverb/adverbial Oc - objective complement appositive-同位语,主,宾,表,宾补,定,状,Lucy is an American girl. Getting up early is a good habit.That he told a lie is a fact. To go for a picnic is fun.Two and three is five.,主语 Subject：表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词（动名词

3、、不定式）、从句等充当。,We love China.Mike hopes to be a doctor.His parents are farmers .She is singing .,谓语 Predicate ：说明主语“做什么” “是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）用动词或动词短语充当。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两个方面必须一致。,表语 Predicative ：说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等充当,和系动词一起构谓语。,Her aunt is a driver . Are you ready? We were at hom

4、e last night.,宾语 Object ：表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或非谓语动词（动名词、不定式）、从句等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。,He often helps me. We study English at school. Did you see him yesterday?,定语 Attributive ：用来修饰名词或代词，说明被修饰词的性质、特征、状态等。作定语的有形容词、代词、数词、非谓语动词、从句、介词短语。,The black bike is mine We have four lessons in the morning . What is your

5、 name ,please?,状语 Adverbial ：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语、从句等充当。,People are all working hard . It is very nice . we had a meeting this afternoon.,补语 Complement :补充说明主语或宾语的特征、状态、处所、身份。补充说明主语的叫主语补足语，补充宾语的叫宾语补足语。一般由n.，v-ing,v-ed,todo,adj ,adv,prep-phrases,etc,He made me laugh I f

6、ound the box empty. Who had the machine running all the time .,同位语appositive :一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行补充说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。,Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.我们的新老师史密斯先生对. Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students 是we 的同位语）,句子类型,简单句,并列句,复合句,(按句子结构分),简单句,简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种作用中的一种。 作一种陈述 提出一个问题 发出一种命令或请求 表示一种感叹,Examples: The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy. The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl. Stephen apologized at once. Does the shop c