英语长、难句子翻译指导.ppt

1、英语章节、困难的文章翻译技术、虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)、虚拟语气是表达假设、愿望、提议、怀疑、推测或不太可能实现的空想的特殊动词形式。I .虚拟语气用于条件状语从句，虚拟语气用于条件状语从句，一般由从属语if引导，一般是3茄子语义3360 1。与当前事实相反的虚拟条件语句2。与科举事实相反的虚拟条件语句3。与未来事实相反的虚拟条件语句注意的3360条件子句，如果有WERE，则为1。与当前事实相反的虚拟条件语句条件子句条件子句： If主语动词过去式(be的过去式were)主语3360主语would/should/could/might原型动词e. g. if I feared

2、 death，if I feared death没有空气，我们就不能生活。1 .与当前事实相反的虚拟条件语句条件子句条件子句： If主语动词过去式(be的过去式were)主语3360主语would/should/could/might原型动词e. g. if I feared death，if I feared death没有空气，我们就不能生活。exercise : I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ _ him . a . had known b . knew c . have known d . know I _ _ dersta

3、nd . a如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到他。If there had been no air in the tube，the result of the experiment would have been more accurate。试管里没有空气，实验结果会更准确。exercise : if you hadnt gone with Tom to the party last night，_ _ _。a . you would meet John already b . you wont have missed John c . you will have met John d . you

4、would have met John，3 .与未来事实相反的虚拟条件语句条件子句条件子句： If赋给should圆动词或If赋给were非否定式圆动词zugo :赋给would/should/could/might圆动词e . g . If he were to come tome If the sand should如果沙子能分解，就会释放出很多能量。注意：在与未来事实相反的虚拟条件语句中，有时可以省略子句的should。E.g. if he make the design，he might do it in some other way。如果他牙齿设计，他就可以用其他方法设计。exerc

5、ise : if the sea _ _ _ _ to rise 50 feet，India would become an island . a . will b . is c . was d . were if you a . are b . wiindia也就是说，主节和从属节分别根据自己的时间构成虚拟形式。E.g. if I had met him before，I could recognize him。如果我以前见过他，我就能认出他来。(从句表示与科举事实相反，主要表示与现在或未来事实相反。)if we were driving at a speed of 100 Li an ho

6、ur，we would have arrived there 2 hours ago。如果我们的行驶速度是每小时100里，2小时前我们(子句与当前事实相反，主子句与科举事实相反)，省略连词if，在条件部分，如果有were，should，had，省略连词if，were，should，hadE.g. should it rain tomorrow，what would you do？如果明天下雨，你怎么办？Were there no friction，we could not walk。没有摩擦，我们不能走路。Had we known about the new method，we should

7、have applied it earlier。如果我们过去知道牙齿新方法，我们早就应用了。exercise : had Alice been more hard working，She _ _ _。a . had not failed b . would not fail c . could not be failed d d . would not have failed _ _ _ today。he would get there by Friday . a . would he leave b . was he leaving c . were he to leave d . if h

8、e leaves _ _ difficults We would be successes表示与目前事实相反的愿望。2.表示与科举事实相反的愿望。3.表示将来实现的可能性不大的愿望。1.与当前事实相反的愿望主语wish (that)子句主语动词过去式(be总是使用were)e . g . I wish I knew everything in the world . I wish that the experiment werer Exercise 3360 I www给出与科举事实相反的愿望，给出wish (that)子句would/Could have科举分词或had科举分词e . g .

9、 I wish that you had called yesterday . I wish that I Could have gone with you last night给出了将来实现的可能性不大的愿望，给出了wish (that)子句，would/should/could/Might循环动词e . g . I wish that he could try again . I wish that someday I should live on the虚拟语气用于其他名词节。1.虚拟语气在suggest、demand、insist、ask、move、advise.desire、orde

10、r、propose、requiire中使用的动词后的宾语使用了从句的谓语，但使用了should原型动词E. g. I suggest we start at once。they propose that you(should)Read the rules carefully . the commander ordered that the soldier fire at the enemy . he insisted that he go thered2.虚拟语气是It is形容词(或科举分词)that。在的主语子句中使用，表示要求、建议、命令、请求等，英国英语中子句的谓语由should圆形动

11、词(或完成型)组成，牙齿文章模式中常用的形容词或科举分词为advisable，desirable，essential，importantit is important that every one(should)Obey the law . it is suggested that you take a walk after supper。3相反，美国英语中需要原动词，但在as if，as though引导的表语部分，节中谓语用动词过去式或科举完成式表示现在或过去的假想。e . g . he complied with the requirement that the experiment(s

12、hould)be done to morrow .他同意了明天再做实验的要求。He looks as if he were tired。他有疲惫的脸。we agree to the suggestion that they(should)work on night shifts in turn。我们同意轮流加班的建议。his order is that you(should)send the materials to the work site at once。他的命令是必须立即将材料送到现场。4 .虚拟语气用于It is (high，about) time (that)句型，定语从句中的谓语是动词，意思是未来。e . g . it is time(that)we wenthome . it is high time we had the meeting . it is time you left . it is time t