代词;所有格ppt课件.ppt

1、英语语法：代词,1,代词,代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。,2,人称代词,人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表： 数单数 复数格主格 宾格 主格宾格 第一人称 Ime weus第二人称youyouyouyou he himthey them 第三人称sheherthey them it it they them Give it to _ (I). P

2、ass _ (he) the book. Tell _ (she) the story. Listen to _ (they).,3,物主代词,物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表。 数单数复数人称 第一第二第三第一第二第三人称 人称 人称人称人称人称形容词性myyourhis/her/its our your their物主代词名词性 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs物主代词,4,物主代词,形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，作前置定语，用在名词前。 例: 1) Th

3、is is _ book. 这是我的书。 2) We love_ motherland. 我们热爱我们的祖国。 名词性物主代词起名词的作用。名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+名词 例:1) Look at the two pencils. The red one is _ and the blue one is _. = The red one is _ pencil and the blue one is _ pencil. 看那两支铅笔，红的是你的，蓝的是我的。 2) He likes _ pen. He doesnt like_. = He doesnt like _ pen. 他喜欢

4、我的钢笔。不喜欢她的。 注意：在使用名词性物主代词时，必须有特定的语言环境，也就是要省略的名词大家已经知道，已经提起过。 例： Its hers. 是她的。 （单独使用大家不知是怎么回事，不可以这样用） There is a book. Its hers. 那有本书。是她的。 （先提及，大家才明白）,5,物主代词,用所给代词的正确形式填空。 1. These are _ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _ ( me ) cousin, Mary.

5、 5. Those children are _ ( I ) fathers students. 6. Do you know _ ( it ) name? 7. Thanks for helping _( I ). 8. _(Ann)mother is _(we) teacher.,6,指示代词,表示那个、这个、这些、那些等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。如： That is a good idea.那是个好主意。,7,反身代词,表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我们自己”、“你们自己”和“他们自己”等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为“反身代词”。

6、,8,反身代词,E.g. The door opened by itself. He lives all by himself in that large house. The children seem to be totally incapable of working quietly by themselves. Exam is not important in itself. You should blame yourself for the accident. She lost her temper, but soom came to herself.,9,相互代词,表示相互关系的代

7、词叫相互代词，有each other 和one another两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。 和s一起构成定语。Each others one anothers 如： They love each other.他们彼此相爱。 Come over for a chat so we can catch up on each others news. They stood clasped in each others arms. They are listening to one anothers records.,10,不定代词,不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有

8、all，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody， something，no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。如： - Do you have a car? -你有一辆小汽车吗？- Yes，I have one.-是的，我有一辆。- I dont know any of them. 他们，我一个也不认识。,11,疑问代词,疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等

9、。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句） 如：Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。,12,关系代词,关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。 如： He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。,13,名词所有格,名词的格分为主格宾格和所有格。所有格是表示名词所属关系的形式，其构

10、成有s所有格of所有格和双重所有格三种形式。 s所有格 Philips new address Her sister-in-laws mother Workers resthome The teachers reading-room childrens books The womens movement Peoples republic of china wangs and zhangs rooms(各自的房间) Wang and zhangs room(共有的房间) The students and the teachers speeches (不地道) The students and t

11、eachers speeches(学生的发言和老师的发言) Johns wifes face(不地道) The face of Johns wife,14,名词所有格,Of 所有格 The title of the thesis Some of the children The shooting of the animals A man of fifty A boy of royal blood A distance of 50 kilometers 在表示类别时，S 所有格一般不能用of所有格代替：mens suits; a doctors degree; childrens books 表

12、示同位关系时，一般只用of所有格：the city of Beijing; the state of California 表示无生命的东西一般要用of所有格：the windonw of the house; the leaves of the tree; the future of the world; the development of science and technology,15,名词所有格,双重所有格 构成： 名词+of+名词的所有格 Shes a teacher of my sons. 她是我儿子的一位老师。 An old acquaintance of my father

13、s visited our home yesterday.我父亲的一位老熟人昨天到我家来过。 试比较： A portrait of my grandfathers我祖父绘制的、收藏的一幅画像 A portrait of my grandfather 我祖父的画像 An opinion of my sisters 我姐姐发表的看法 An opinion of my sister (他人)对我姐姐的看法,16,1. We asked John and Jerry, but _ of them could offer a satisfactory explanation. A. either B.

14、none C. both D. neither 2. Is your camera like Bills and Anns? No, but its almost the same as _ . A. her B. yours C. them D. their 3. Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after_ hes done for you. A. something B. anything C. all D. that 4. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Pe

15、ter made _ from some wood we had. A. it B. one C. himself D. another 5. Tom felt that he knew everybodys business better than they knew it_ . A. themselves B. oneself C. itself D. himself 6. Playing tricks on others is _ we should never do. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 7. She do

16、esnt know anyone here. She has got_ to talk to. A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one,17,8Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? _ way as you please. A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either 9I have done much of the work. Could you please finish _ in two days? Athe rest Bthe other Canoth

17、er Dthe others 10. I got the story from Tom and _ people who had worked with him. A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than 11. It is easy to do the repair. _you need is a hammer and some nails. A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything 12. - One weeks time has been wasted. I cant be

18、lieve we did all that work for _. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything 13. I had to buy _ these books because I didnt know which one was the best. A. both B. none C. neither D. all 14. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _ of them came. A. neither B. either C. none D. both,18,15. Theres _ cooking o