高考语法复习——状语从句考点与难点归纳.ppt

1、,考点与难点归纳,状 语 从 句,高 考 语 法 复 习,考点与难点归纳,1、各种从属连词的含义及用法 比较； 2、no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 引 导的从句的区别； 3、状语从句的时态问题； 4、状语从句倒装及紧缩问题； 5、状语从句与其它从句的区别。,考点,难点,1. 时间状语从句 问题1: 1. (04北京春) We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before 2. (02上海) He was about to tell me th

2、e secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. whileD. when 3. (05上海) He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it. A. where B. when C. thatD. until 4. (05福建) Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home. A.

3、Before B. when C. thatD. until 5. (06辽宁) He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while,A,D,B,B,C,连接词when的用法小结 1. when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是可延续 的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词，可用于主句和从句 动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如： When the film ended, the people went back. When I live

4、d there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 2. 可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于 and at this/that time。常用于下列句式： Somebody was doing something/was about to do sth./was on the point of doing sth. when (刚要这时突然) 3. 还可以表示原因“既然”，相当于since; considering that。如： It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could

5、easily walk there in five minutes .,问题2: 6. (06天津) The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _ the quality of life is probably one of the highest. A. since B. when C. as D. while 7. (04年江苏) _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Bef

6、ore D. Unless,连接词while的用法小结,1. while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如： Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 2. while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。 3. while可表示尽管，相当于although。,D,A,连接词when, while, as的用法区别： 1while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的， 而when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也 可以是表短暂性动作的动词。如：When/While he was eating h

7、is breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. (不可用 while) 2从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when引导这个 从句，不可用as或while。如： When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 3表示“随着”，连词用as，不用when或while。如： As the election approached, the violence got worse. 4如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延

8、续性动作的进行 时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while 与as 可互换使用。如： When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.,问题3: 1. (01北京春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. whileB. the moment C. suddenlyD. once 2. (1998上海) I thought

9、 her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first timeD. by the first time 3. _ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had heD. Hardly he had,B,C,C,小结： 1一些词，如the moment, the minute, the instan

10、t, immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan等也可引导一个时 间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。 I didnt wait a moment, but came immediately you called. 2一些含有time的名词短语，如every time, each time, next time, by the time等，以及the day, the year, the morning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。 The day he returned home

11、, his father was already dead. Next time you come, please bring your composition. 3. 如果hardly或no sooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必 须用部分倒装结构。 Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.,问题4: 1. (03北京春) Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of

12、the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when 2. (03上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until 3. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star. A. wh

13、en; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then,C,D,B,小结： till, until和notuntil： 1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词 是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所 表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停 止”。如： We waited until he came. 2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句 为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如： He wont go to bed till/until she returns. 3till不

14、可以置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.,问题5: 1. (03年北京) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. A. until B. when C. beforeD.

15、 as 2. (04福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when 3. (06四川)Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room_I could say a word. A. before B. untilC. whenD. after 4. (05北京春) It is a

16、lmost five years _ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. because,C,C,A,B,连接词before的小结： 一、含义 1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 3 Please write it down before you forget it. 4Before I could get in a word, he h

17、ad measured me.,“才”,“不到就”,“趁”,“还没来得及”,二Before从句中谓语不用否定式。如： Before they reached the station, the train had gone.,三1）句型It will be/was段时间before“还要过多久才” 如：It will be two years before he leaves the country. 2）句型It will be/was not一段时间before“不多久就” 如： It wasnt two years before he left the country. 3）句型It is

18、段时间since时间的计算一律从since从句的 动作完成或状态结束时算起。如： It is three years since she was in the army. It is three years since she joined the army.,2、条件状语从句 问题1： 1、The WTO cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. （2000全国） Aas long as BwhileCif Deven though 2、 I

19、t is known to all that _ you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health. （05重庆卷） A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if,C,A,unless 相当于 if not，意思是“除非”“如果不就”。这也是高考的热点之一。复习时也应给予高度重视。,问题2： 1、_ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. （04北京春季） A. As long as B. As far as

20、 C. Just as D. Even if 2、I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait. （05全国卷3） Ain case Bso that Cin orderDas if,B,A,as long as 与 as far as 都可引导条件状语从句，as long as 表示“只要”，as far as 表示“就而论（而言）”。题1根据题意应该选用B。in case 表示“以防”，根据题2的句意，不难作出选择。,3、让步状语从句 问题1： 1、 _ I accept that he

21、is not perfect, I do actually like the person. （04江苏） A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 2、Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _they are different from your own. (05湖南卷） A. untilB. even ifC. unless D. as though,A,B,while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。even if 等于 even

22、 though，表示“即使、尽管”。as though 等于 as if，引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似乎”。,问题2： 1、 He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was. （05天津卷） A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although 2、The old tower must be saved, _the cost. （05浙江） Ahowever Bwhatever Cwhichever Dwherever,A,B,no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 的联系

23、及区别： no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与 wh-ever通用。 如: No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party. wh-ever又可引导名词性从句， No matter wh-不能。如： Whatever I can do for you will be nothing but paying a debt. Whoever can help us will be welcome.,4. 状语从句的时态问题 问题1： 1、The house could fall d

24、own soon if no one_ some quick repair work. （04全国IV） A has done B is doing C does D had done 2、It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. （05北京春季） A. before B. since C. after D. when,在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将 来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，用一般过去时表过去将 来时。在 since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般 过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。,C,B,5、

25、状语从句的倒装问题 问题1： 1、So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. (01 上海) A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel 2、Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. (95 NMET) A. did the villagers realize B. the vi

26、llagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize,状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况： 否定词开头； so 加 adj. 开头； as / though引导的让步状语从句。,D,A,特别注意： Hardly when No sooner than Child as he is, Hardly had he got to the station when the train left. No sooner had he got to the station than the train left

27、. Child as he is, he can speak seven foreign languages.,6、状语从句与并列句的区别 问题1： 1、Though he is in his sixties, _ he works as hard as a young man A. yet B. but C. and D. and yet 2、 Excuse me for breaking in, _ I have some news for you. (NMET02) A. so B. and C. but D. yet,题1是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词 and; or; but

28、; so 等。yet 是副词，只有 yet 可以与 though 连用。题2为 并列句，而“Excuse , but ”为一固定搭配。在复习中需要 细心的分析句子结构和成分。,A,C,对比训练与巩固,_ he heard this, he got very angry. 2. I met Lucy_ I was walking along the river. 3. _ a child, he lived in the countryside. A. when B. while C. as,对比训练 1,A,B,C,1. We were about to leave_ it began to

29、rain. 2. She thought I was talking about her son, _, in fact, I was talking about my son. 3. Hardly had I finished my composition _ the bell rang. A. when B. while C. as D. during,对比训练 2,A,B,A,1. Child _ she is, she know a lot. 2. He did the experient _ he was told. 3. The pianos in the other shop w

30、ill be cheaper, but not _ good. A. during B. as C. so D. though E. both B and C,对比训练 3,E,B,B,1. He would have a look at the bookstores _ he went to town. 2. We decide to finish the work on time, _ happens. 3. If we work with a strong will, we overcome any difficulty, _ great it is. 4. Ill give the b

31、ook to _ likes English. A. whenever B. whoever C. whatever D. however,对比训练 4,A,C,D,B,对比训练 5,1. It will be years _ we meet again. 2. It is ten years _ I came to this town. 3. It is ten years ago _ I came to this town. A. when B. that C. before D. since,C,D,B,对比训练 6,D,B,A,1. _ it rains, the game will

32、be played on time. 2. _ I was twenty, I had never been away from my hometown. 3. _ he were there, he couldnt help us. A. Even if B. Untill C. Till D. Unless,对比训练 7,Go and get your coat. It is _ you left it. 2. You are free to go _ you like. A. there B. where C. wherever D. when,B,C,对比训练 8,1. The art

33、icle is written in such easy English _ all of us can read it. 2. The article is written in such easy English _ all of us can read. A. that B. which C. as D. so that,A,C,A,对比训练 9,1. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ great it is. 2. If we work hard, we can overcome any diffi

34、culty, _ great it is. 3. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, _ difficulty it is. 4. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ difficulty it is. A. what B. how C. however D. whatever,B,C,D,A,Grammar 非谓语动词 非谓语动词功能比较 to do的复合结构 -ing form的复合结构 非谓语动词的否定式 -ing form 与 pp 的区别

35、,动词不定式的基本形式,被动语态,一般式,进行式,完成式,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,1.He is too young to have seen the old society. 2.The book is said to have been translated into Russian. 3.Come, I am supposed to be calling you to lunch. 4.You are too young to be meeting young man.,不定式与谓语同时发生 进行式 不定

36、式比谓语先发生 完成式,ing-form 的基本形式,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,完成式,4.Allan repented having shot the bird. 5.Having noted down her name,the man went away.,1.Going down town I met a friend. 2.Martin insisted on going to work in spite of his illness. 3.I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.,ing-form与

37、/比谓语的动作同时、先发生、后发生 一般式 ing-form比谓语的动作先发生 完成式（强调先后关系）,同时,后,先,先,先,非谓语动词功能比较,eg.I like skating,but I dont like to skate today. Playing with fire is dangerous. Look out！To play with fire is dangerous.,eg.There is no joking about such matters.,主语、表语、宾语,1. to do 表示具体的动作，-ing form表示泛指的动作。,2.“there is no +主语

38、”句型中，多用-ing form.,eg.He attends the meeting being held in the room now. He attended the meeting held yesterday. He will attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.,2.表示被修饰词的内容时， 用to do.,eg.She has a strong wish to go to college.,1.从时态上看，-ing form表示正在进行的动作 pp表示已经完成的动作，to do表示将来的动作。,定语,eg. I found him coo

39、king supper. I found supper cooked when I got home. It is true I saw Henry cook supper.,-ing form与宾语为主动关系，强调动作正在进行； pp与宾语为被动关系，强调动作已经完成； to do只单纯表示一个事实，强调动作的全过程。,补语,作状语时的区别：,-ing form,pp表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况等等,eg.they worked hard to pay for the necklace. I went to see him only to find him out. I am gla

40、d to see you.,to do表示1.目的; 2.结果表示出人预料的情况或结果。常用only强调。 3.原因表示造成情感变化的原因。,目的,结果,原因,非谓语动词的否定形式,Not + to do / -ing form,He decided not to do it. She wished never to see him again.,I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. Not seeing John,I asked where he was. Not having done it right, I tried agai

41、n.,-ing form 与 pp 的区别,-ing form表示主动，正在进行,pp表示被动，已经完成,作表语时或定语时，-ing form表示“令人” ,pp表示“感到”，常见的有下列感官动词：move ,surprise,astonish,delight,comfort,disappoint,puzzle,frighten,作宾补时，比较对象为宾语,作定语时，比较对象为被修饰词,作状语时，比较对象为句中主语,1.The story was _,we were all _. A.moving,moving B.moved,moved C.moving,moved D.moved,movin

42、g 2.There is a _ expression on his face.Maybe the problem is too difficult for him. A.puzzled B.puzzling C.puzzle D.to puzzle 3.With his son too_, the father was sad. A.disappointed B.disappointing 4.She let out a _ voice and we ran to her hurriedly. A.frightened B.frightening,1.I could feel the win

43、d _ on my face from an open window. A.to blow B.blowing C.blown D.to be blowing 2.Well meet Mr.Black,_ as a famous scientist. A.knowing B.to be known C.known D.being known 3._ more time, we could do it better. A.Giving B.To give C.Given D.To be given 4.A young man _ novels came to us yesterday. A.to

44、 write B.writing C.written D.wrote 5.All the things_,his proposal is of greater value than yours. A.considered B.considering C.consider D.to consider 6._Sunday, the students are at home. A.Being B.To be C.It is D.It being,to do的复合结构,1.for sb. to do sth.,常见的形容词有：good=nice/bad, kind/cruel=rude, clever

45、=wise/stupid=silly, right /wrong，sensible,2.of sb. to do sth.,sb.is/are adj.to do sth.,ing form的复合结构,1.形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+ing form 2.代词宾格/名词+ing form,主语 表语 宾语,宾语,1.To do the job is impossible.,2.It is necessary to study a foreign language.,3.To do such a thing is stupid. =It is stupid to do such a thing

46、.,4.It is wrong to tell a lie.,For a child to do the job is,=It is impossible to do the job.,It is necessary for students to study a,It is stupid of you to do such a thing.,It is wrong of him to tell a lie.,You are stupid to do such a thing.,He is wrong to tell a lie.,说出To do动作的执行者时，须用复合结构,1.Do you

47、mind opening the door? 2.Going there saved us a good deal of trouble. 3.Being late again made the teacher angry.,Do you mind me/my opening ,Toms going there saved us a good ,His being late again made,说出-ing form动作的执行者时，须用复合结构,1.Crossing the street,he was knocked down by a bus. 2.Being sick I stayed

48、at home. 3.Seen in the light, it is not as serious as people suppose. 4.Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 5.He sat in the armchair,reading the newspaper. 6.The train spent too much time stopped, waiting for the other trains.,时间,原因,条件,让步,伴随,伴随,-ed form,used as an adjective or adverb,

49、Grammar and usage,一、The -ing form used as Attribute （-ing形式作定语）,These female pigs are cloned. So we call them _pigs,These female pigs are cloned. So we call them pigs_,that/which are cloned,cloned,The kidnappers were using a _car. (steal) The name _in the letter was unknown to me.（mention) The firem

50、en were rescuing the people _ in the fire. (trap),stolen,mentioned,trapped,Scientific experiments which are carried out by students can be dangerous.,Scientific experiments _by students can be dangerous.,carried out,A few verb-eds before nouns can express past meanings instead of passive meanings.,b

51、oiling water,比较,boiled water,fallen trees/ leaves escaped animals a retired president a lost envelope,falling leaves an escaping criminal a retiring president,比较,We can also put an adverb or something else before a verb-ed to form a compound verb-ed form.,广泛运用的技术 训练有素的工人 手写的信件 欠发达地区 受过良好教育的市民 倍受尊敬的教

52、授,a widely-used technique well trained workers hand-written letters underdeveloped regions well-educated citizens a well-respected professor,Rewrite the following sentences with verb-ed form. I think cloning that is done by scientists is dangerous. The problems that are created by cloning will be cl

53、ear.,I think cloning done by scientists is dangerous.,The problems created by cloning will be clear.,We dont want beasts that are created by scientists to replace us one day. The only thing that is needed is a cell from your old pet.,We dont want beasts created by scientists to replace us one day.,T

54、he only thing needed is a cell from your old pet.,二The verb-ed form can also be used as predicative of a sentence. eg.,My grandfather was delighted to hear I had passed exams,The problem stayed _after 3 days discussion. (unsettle),unsettled,注意：get verb+ed.de结构eg. get paid/injured/hurt.,As we joined

55、the big crowd I got _ from my friends. （01全国）（A） A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed,Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party. （04全国I） A get changed B get change C get changing D get to change,工人们都是按月计酬的 Mary终于从那次受伤中恢复过来了,Workers get paid by the month.,Mary finally go

56、t recovered from the injury.,We need to further discuss the problem _unsolved. remainedB. to remain C. remainingD. to be remained,三 The verb-ed form can be used as object complement of a sentence. eg. 1). As he knows very little English, he finds it difficult to make himself _. (understand) 2). I _

57、yesterday. (寄信） 3). You must make yourself when you talk in front of the class. （hear) 4). After the robbery, they found the windows _.(break) 5). You mustnt make the secret between us _to the public. (know),understood,had my letter delivered,heard,broken,known,The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year.Acarry out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out,Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. (2004高考广西卷) making herself hear B. to make hersel