Grammar过去分词.ppt

1、Grammar,The past participle,The past participle as the Attribute, Predicative, the object complement and Adverb. 过去分词充当定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。 作用与用法： 过去分词(表示完成和被动的动作)具有形容词、副词的作用,在句中可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语,但不能单独构成谓语。, 定语 过去分词作定语,表示分词动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系。单一的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前;过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定

2、语从句。,如: The _window (=The window _) will be replaced soon. (break) 破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。 The books _ yesterday are of high quality. (buy) 昨天买的书确实很不错。,Which/that was broken,Which/that were bought,broken,bought, 表语 过去分词作表语, 表示主语的状态, 且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词, 是形容词化的过去分词。 如: Im interested in reading nov

3、els written by Jin Yong. 我对金庸写的小说很感兴趣。, 宾语补足语 作宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物动词,和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有: A. see, hear, watch, feel, think ,find 等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。 She found her book_. 她发现书被偷了。,stolen,B. make, get, have, leave 等表示“致使”意义的动词 What made them so_? 什么使他们如此害怕？ C. like, want, wish, order 等表示“希望、要求”等意义的动

4、词 He wont like such questions _ at the meeting. 他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论。,frightened,discussed,过去分词短语作状语 过去分词作状语可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。这种过去分词状语相当于于一个时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等状语从句, 若过去分词作状语,句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成动宾关系, 即是该分词动作的承受者。,1. 过去分词作原因状语 _by the film, they all cried. (move) 他们看了那部电影深受感动, 都哭了。,2.过去分词作状语, 表示伴随情况或方式。 The

5、trainer appeared, _six little dogs. (follow) 训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。,Greatly moved,followed by,3.过去分词作状语, 还可以表示: _, we could do it better. (give)（条件） 多给点时间的话，我们会做得更好。 _, ice can be changed into water. (heat)（时间） 冰加热时变成水。,Given much time,When heated, 现在分词与过去分词的区别: 定语中 现在分词作定语常表示“动作正在进行”,此时或当时的状态等;过去分词则常表示“动

6、作发生在谓语动词的动作前”或表示被动等。,如: I know the man _there. (stand) 我认识站在那儿的那个人。 Is there anything _for tonight? (plan) 今晚有什么活动吗？,standing,planned, 表语 现在分词作表语,具有主动的含义,意味着“起这种作用”,常翻译为“令人;而过去分词作表语具有被动含义, 意味着“受这种影响”,常翻译为“感到”。 如: The work was _ . 这项工作挺累人的。 The worker were soon_. 工人们很快就感到累了。,tiring,tired,注意: 作表语的过去分词

7、表示状态,构成被动语态的过去分词表示动作: The book is well written. (表语) The book was written by a soldier. (被动语态), 宾语补足语 现在分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系);过去分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。 如: I heard someone _me. I heard my name_. (call) 我听见有人喊我。,calling,called,状语 过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别在于: 过去分词与句子主语构成动宾关系, 而现在分词与句子主语构成主谓关系

8、。 _in this light, I find the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. (see) _in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.,Seeing,Seen,配套练习,_ air and water are harmful to peoples health. （pollute) 受污染的空气和水对人健康有害。 2. The problem _ yesterday was very difficult t

9、o solve. (discuss) 昨天在会上讨论的问题很难解决。,Polluted,discussed at the meeting,完成句子。,3. He _ when he heard he had won the first place in the competition. (excite) 当他听说他在比赛中得了第一，他变得兴奋起来。 4. I havent got _ yet. (develop) 我还没把照片冲洗出来。 5. Do you know the man _? (stand) 你认识站在门旁的那人吗？,became excited,the film develope

10、d,Standing besides the door,6. _, I couldnt help crying. (move) 由于被妈妈所说的话所感动，我忍不住哭了起来。 7. _, we could give a good performance. (give) 给我们一个机会，我们将给大家一个非常好的表演。,Moved by what my mother said,Given a chance,8. _, John said he was a New Yorker. (ask) 当问到他出生在哪里时，约翰说他是纽约人。 9. I found _ in Marys room. (leave

11、) 我发现我书包落在Mary家里了。,When asked where he was born,my school bag left,单句改错 1. A breaking cup is lying on the floor. breaking改为broken 2. The meeting holds yesterday was very important. holds改为held,3. When I entered the room. I found Mary seating beside my mother. seating改为seated 4. When they woke up , t

12、hey found the world outside completely changing. changing改为changed,/sitting,1. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home_. A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted,单项填空,2. You can make yourself _ in English pretty well if you keep on speaking the language. A

13、. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood,3. _ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven 4. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day. A. watered B. watering C. water D. to wat

14、er,5. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared,6. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained,7. He glanced over at her,

15、 _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. having noted B. noted C. to note D. noting,8. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing,9. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to

16、_before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 10. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed,11. The disc digitally _in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. re

17、cording C. to be recorded D. having recorded,12. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt,( )1. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better. (90全国) A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given.( )2

18、. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school(93全国)A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened,A,D,高考链接,( )3. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (01全国夏) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered,A,( )

19、4. The researcher is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. (02全国) A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun,D,( )5. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.(03上海春)A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited,A,( )6. Friendship is like mone

20、y: easier made than _. (03北京) A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. having kept,A,( )7. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. (03北京春)A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring ( )8. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. (03北京) A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given,A,D,( )9. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (94全国)A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written ( )10. _ in thoug