book6 Unit1 虚拟语气.ppt

1、Unit 1 Art Learning about language,Pandora opened her box ,Whats left in the box?,If she had been warned of danger, would she have opened the box?,misfortunes,hope,Life is not based on “ifs”.,Many people are not happy because they base their life on “ifs”.,If I had a million dollars, ,Objective,You

2、need to understand that, in conditional sentences: 1 The situation is not real; it is hypothetical 2 Hypothetical situations are expressed using the subjunctive mood.,If you could have three of these paintings on the walls of your classroom, which would you choose? Have you ever wished you could pai

3、nt as well as a professional artist? If you were an artist, what kind of pictures would you paint?,Lets look at the following sentences.,What would you rather do paint pictures, make sculptures, or design buildings? Why? If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been abl

4、e to paint such realistic pictures.,Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. , but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist.,These are the sentences that use subjunctive moo

5、d from the text.,Pair work,If you got the chance to talk to the president, what would you say?,If I got the chance to talk to the president, I would ask him to ,The food in our school canteen is terrible.,Pair work,The girl eats very little to lose weight.,If you were the girl, what would you do?,If

6、 I were , I would,Pair work,What would you do if your father appeared in the net bar?,If my father ,My father doesnt allow me to go to the net bar.,Pair work,Who beat the tough guy?,Nobody.,Had the Spiderman been here, he could have beaten the tough guy.,Pair work,Can he fly?,No, he cant.,The actor

7、wishes he could fly like a bird.,Pair work,Whats the fact?,The sunlight will be with us forever.,Should there be no sunlight, there would be no life.,Pair work,What does it mean in Chinese?,(法律/法规) 要求我们采取措施保护孩子。,It is required that we (should) take action to protect the children.,Five “if clauses” b

8、elow: tell the differences,1. If a child buys these toys, he or she will learn nothing. 2. If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 3. She wouldnt have opened the box, if she had been warned of danger. 4. If I were to be reborn, I would be a musician. 5. Sales of products fall if prices rise.,Subjun

9、ctive mood,Grammar,1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气. 2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,一、虚拟语气定义,Q:Whats the difference between the two sentences?,If I am free, I will visit you.,If I were a bird, I would fly into the sky.,（虚拟条件句）,(真实条件句）,虚拟语气 If the rules of perspective had not b

10、een discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. When you walk into the gallery, you feel as if you were inside a fragile, white seashell. If I were you, I would not leave her alone. Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.,过去式did be-were,had done,

11、would/could/should/might +V (原),would/could/should/might+have done,1. did 2. should do 3. were to do,would/could/should/might +V.(原),一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法,What would you do if you won the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would,If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. (与现在事实相反）,If he had got u

12、p early,he would not have been late for school.（与过去事实相反）,If I _ (not be )busy last night, I _ (go) to see the film with you.,had not been,would have gone,If he _ (drive)more carefully, he _ (not have)the car accident yesterday.,would not have had,had driven,If I _(know) your telephone number,I _ (te

13、lephone) you yesterday.,had known,would have telephoned,1.如果我是你的话, 我会收养这只小狗。 2.如果你当初努力学习的话, 你本可以 通过这次考试的。 3.如果你明天给我一只钻戒的话， 我就嫁给你。,如果我是你的话, 我会收养这只小狗。 If I were you, I should/would adopt the little dog. Were I you, I (倒装句） 如果你当初努力学习的话, 你本可以 通过这次考试的。 If you had worked hard, you would have passed the ex

14、am. Had you worked hard, you (倒装句） 如果你明天给我一只钻戒的话，我就嫁给你。 If you gave me (/should give me )a diamond ring tomorrow, I would marry you.,9.省略了 if 的虚拟条件句,虚拟语气中 ，可将if省略，were, had , should提至句首，,_ I a bird, I would fly freely.,Were,If I were a bird, I would fly freely.,要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加 这次聚会了。 She would hav

15、e gone to the party if she had been invited. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会 睡过头了。 If she hadnt called me, I would have overslept this morning.,二、虚拟语气特殊句型:,1. wish 的宾语从句,现在: 过去时(were) 过去: 过去完成时(had done) 未来: would/could/might +V.(原) should,I wish everyday were my birthday.,I wish I hadnt eaten so much food.,I wis

16、h I would visit the Great Wall tomorrow.,我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。 I wish I were ten years younger now. 我昨天要是遇见他就好了。 I wish I had met him yesterday. 我希望成为一名科学家。 I wish I would be a scientist.,I wish I _ (be) as tall as Yao Ming.,were,I wish I were a bird.,I wish every day were my birthday.,I wish/wished I hadnt

17、 eaten so much watermelon.,表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had过去分词”。,The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.,I wish it would rain tomorrow.,2.If only 要是就好了. as if /though 就像,和wish用法相同(时态向后退一步),1.If only I _(speak) beautiful English ! 2.He talks as if he _(be) an expert . 3.How I wish I _(develop) a

18、 powerful medicine to kill this kind of insects in the future!,could speak/spoke,1.If only there _(be) no College Entrance Examination !,were,were,could develop,4. He ate as if he _(not have) a meal for years. 5.It looks as if it_ (get ) warmer . 6.Look at the trouble Im in ,I wish I _(follow) your

19、advice .,hadnt had,will get,had followed,3. would rather that,现在: 过去: 未来:, I would rather you paid me now. I would rather I hadnt come yesterday. Dont come here now. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,我们该去睡觉了。,4. Its (about/high) time +that,过去时(were) should(不省) +V.,你该走了。,Its high time t

20、hat you went. Its high time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,5. 表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。,常见动词: 一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求。即 1 insist; 2 order, command; 3 advise (advice), suggest(suggestion), propose (proposal); 4 demand, desire, requ

21、ire(requirement), request,I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.,注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时, 宾语从句用陈述语气。,1) The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules. 2) He insisted that she _ (be) seri

22、ously ill and that _ (send) to hospital at once.,obey,was,be sent,3) He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once. 4) His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.,have,was,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式为(should) + 动词原形 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request His adv

23、ice is that we have the meeting tomorrow.,6. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important /a pity/no wonder/impossible + that 从句, 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即 (should) + 动词原形,我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。 It is important that we (should) master a foreign language. It is strange that sb should do /should have done,很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。 It i

24、s strange that she refuse to come to the party. 他竟然放弃了这个绝好的机会，这似乎不可思议。 It is strange that he should have given up such a good chance. 我们有必要每天运动。 Its necessary that we should do sports every day. 人们建议我们日出前出发 It is suggested that we set off before sunrise.,7. 含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有without, or, otherwise, but for

25、等词隐含某种假设。,I lost your address, otherwise I would have visited you long before.,没有你的帮助，我们就不会实验成功。 Without your help, we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。 But for the rain, we would have finished the work.,我确实太忙了，不然的话，我一定会 和你一起去 I am really busy; otherwise, I would go with you

26、.,8. 混合型的条件句 当条件状语从句与主句所表的时间不一 致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应， 这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的 混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时 （指过去行为），而主句用一般时 （指目前状态）。,如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。 He would pass the test if he had taken my advice. 假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么 办了。 If I had told him yesterday, I should know what to do now.,If the United States

27、had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been,A,9. 省略if 的虚拟条件句 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were, had和should时, 可省略if, 把were, had 和should放到从句主语前面去, 变成 倒装句 要是没有你的帮助，我就已经

28、失败了。 If you had not helped me, I should have failed. Had you not helped me, I should have failed. Without your help, I should have failed.,9.省略了 if 的虚拟条件句,虚拟语气中 ，可将if省略，were, had , should提至句首，,_ I a bird, I would fly freely.,Were,If I were a bird, I would fly freely.,1. _ he come, the problem would

29、be settled. A. would B. should C. shall D. if 2. _, man could not live at all. A. were it not for the sun B. if it was for the sun C. had it not been for the sun D. if it shouldnt be for the sun,Exercises,B,A,3. _. Everything would have been all right. A. he had been here B. here he had been C. been

30、 here he had D. had he been here 4. _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. would you be B. should you be C. could you be D. might you be,D,B,错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词 发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。 主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。,* 近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型：,If the United States had built more

31、 homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been,A,如果你采纳了我的建议，你现在就会好得多。 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now. 如果你之前努力学习了，你现在就是一名大学 生，四年后就会大学毕业了。 If yo

32、u had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years time., 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should, were, had三个助动词，可以把 if 省略，并将这 三个词提至句首。,_ she a man, she might be elected president. A. If were B. Were C. Be D. Is,B,If I had time, I would come. If it sho

33、uld rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Had I time, I would come. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing., 常见的几种固定句式。如 If only, insist, suggest 及Its time/necessary/important that 从句等等。,If only I _to my parents advice! A. listeningB. listen C. am listening D. had listened His silence

34、at the meeting suggested that he _to your plan. A. shouldnt agreeB. wouldnt agree C. hadnt agreed D. didnt agree,D,D,The old professor gave orders that the experiment _ before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished Its high time he _home.A. goes B. went C. will go D. i

35、s going to goEven if he _(be) here, he couldnt solve the problem. A. was B. were C. be D. is,C,B,B,The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained,解析: 真实条件句主句为将来时, 从句用一般现在时。,B,Everything _ if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade (消防队).,will be destroyed B.

36、will have been destroyed C. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed,Quiz I: Multiple choice.,were to sink B. has sunk C. was sinking D. sunk,2. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then.,A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent,3. Supposing this ship _, do you thi

37、nk there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?,4. Are you thinking about going to Hangzhou for the vacation?, No, but if I _ time, I _ very glad to go there.,A. have, will be B. had had, would have been C. had, would be D. had had, would be,5. Sally finally got here from Chicago., If

38、she _ earlier, we _ her to the party then.,came, would take B. had come, would have taken C. comes, will take D. had come, would take,1. 如果你早来5分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。,If you _ here five minutes earlier, you _ the bus.,2. 如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。,If I _ not busy, I _ you now.,3. 如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？,What _ we do if it _ tomor

39、row?,had got,were,would help,should,were to snow,would have caught,1. 要是你准备功课再仔细一点的话, 你就能通过考试了。 If you had prepared your lessons more carefully, you could have passed the exam. 2. 要是那场飓风发生在晚上的话, 将会有更多的人死亡。 If that hurricane had happened at night, there would have been more deaths.,Quiz II: Translation.,3. I wish I _ (和你在一起) yesterday. 4. _ _ (如果他按照我告诉他的办