Book3_unit1---grammar.ppt

1、情态动词表说话人的某种感情或语气，对某 一动作或状态的某种态度。表示“需要、可以、必须、应当”等。,情态动词 ( modal verbs),Unit 1 Festivals around the world Grammar,1) Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldnt last year. 2) The new-built theatre can hold 1500 people. 3) Can she be in the computer center? 4) I thought what he said could not b

2、e true. 5) Can/Could I use your dictionary? 6) Could you lend me a hand?,1.表能力,3. 表示“请求” “允许”(表请求时，口语中常用 could 代替 can 使语气更委婉，回答时用can),2. 表示推测，意为“可能”“或许”，用于疑问句或否定句,1. can 与could,4. 表示“许可”，可与may 换用。,You can go home now.,5. can 用于疑问句或否定句中时，表惊异、不相信等， 意思是“可能、能够”。,How can you say that you really understan

3、d the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?,6. cant/ couldnt +have + done 表示对过去情况的否定 推测,Susan cant have written a report like this.,7. could + have + done 表示对过去能做而未做的事情 感到惋惜，遗憾。,Its a pity. Your class could have got the first prize.,注意can 的惯用语,On hearing the story, I cannot help

4、laughing . You cannot be too careful when crossing the road.,cannot help + 动名词 忍不住做某事 cannot .too 无论怎么样也不为过,越越好,I can never speak too highly of this idea. I cannot thank you too much.,Attention:,can/be able to区别:,Edison always wondered why hens could hatch (孵) chickens while he was not able to.,Ques

5、tion: Are the two modal verbs interchangeable (互换) ? If not, why?,can表示“能够”时与短语be able to同义，但can只用于一般现在时或过去时，而后者可用于各种时态. can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能，而be able to更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力，或者在某个客观的场合和背景下，能做到的事情。,Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may 2. Mr. Bush is on ti

6、me for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 3. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterd

7、ay afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended,2. may 与might,1. 表示“许可”或“请求”，有“可以”的意思，口语中 常用 might 代 may ,表示委婉语气。 否定回答时用“must not”表“禁止，阻止”， 不用 “may not”. “may not” 表示“可能不” 。,Eg: 1)- May I watch TV after supper? -

8、Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt. 2) Today is Sunday. She may not be in her office now.,2. 表示可能性。 意为“或许，可能” might 比 may 可能性小。,Eg: 1) It might be true. 2) They may be in the library now.,3. may/ might as well + 动词原形 “还是的好”,Eg: You may as well go and have a look.,4. May you +动词原形, 表“希望、祝愿、祈求” ; “祝你”,Eg:

9、 May you succeed.,5. might have done对过去事实的肯定猜测,语气较轻,Eg:He might have had a fever.他可能发烧了吧.（人没来,而谁也不知道原因,就随便猜猜）,1. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will 2. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. m

10、ay C. can D. will 3. Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would 4. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he _ better. A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done,3. will 与would

11、,1. 表“请求、建议”等，用 would 比用will 委婉，客气些,Eg: 1)Will you lend me your book? 2) Would you like a cup of tea?,2. 用于表示意志或意愿。 will 指现在， 而 would 指 过去。,Eg: 1) Ill never do that again. 2) They said that they would help us.,3.表示习惯性动作。 译作 “总是、惯于” will 指现在， would 指过去。,Eg: 1)He will often read all night. 2) Fish wil

12、l die without water. 3) Every evening, she would sit by window, deep in thought.,4. 表示功能，译作“能、行”,Eg: 1) That will be all right. 2) This door wont open.,5. 用于否定句中，表示“不肯、不乐意”,Eg: No matter what I said, he wont listen to me.,The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.

13、A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated 2. Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling.（2008全国II） A. will B. can C. must D. may 3. Nancy _ keep talking unless you tell her to shut up. A. will B. can C. must D. may 4. Ihavetoldhimagainandagaintostopsmoking，buthe

14、_listen. A. must B. may C. wont D. should,4. should,1. 用于表劝告、建议。 意为”应该、应当”。,Eg. You should keep your promise.,2. 用于表推测。 意为 “可能、该”,Eg. 1) Its 7 oclock, he should be at home. 2) They should have arrived by now.,3. 用于第一人称，表示说话人的谦逊、客气的语气,Eg. I should advise you not to do that.,1. This printer is of good

15、 quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might 2. I dont care what people think. Well, you _ A. could B. would C. should D. might 3. -What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? -There _ be twelve. A. should B. would C. w

16、ill D. shall,5. shall 与will,1. Shall 与第一、三人称连用，且用在疑问句中时， 表说话人征求听话者的允诺。 Will 与第二人称连用，且出现在疑问句中时， 表示请求。 Would 更客气。,1) Shall we begin our discussion? 2) Shall the driver wait? 3) Will you speak louder, please?,2. shall的主语是第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人 的允诺、警告、命令等语气。 will 的主语是第一、二、三人称的陈述句， 表意志、意愿。,Eg: 1)You shall get

17、the book tomorrow. 2) He shall be punished. 3) You shall go with me. 4) If you will come to my house. I will show you my new painting.,允诺,警告,命令,1. -What does the sign over there read? -“No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”2007 四川卷 A. will B. may C. shall D. mus

18、t 2. -Whats the name? -Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might,6. cant,用来表示由于特定事实或环境某事肯定不会发生。,Eg: 1) -Listen, someone is knocking at the door, who can it be? - It cant be Tom, he has gone abroad. 2) - Can/ Could they have finished the work? - No, they cant have finished t

19、he work so soon.,7. must,1. 表示义务或强烈的劝告，意为“必须”“应该”， 其否定式表示“不应该”“不许可” “不准”“禁止”。,Eg: 1) You must finish your homework first. 2) Children mustnt speak like that to their parents.,2. 回答 must 所在的一般疑问句时，否定回答用 “neednt” “dont have to”.,Eg: -Must we finish the work tomorrow? -No, you neednt/ dont have to, but

20、 you must finish it in three days.,3. 表推测，用于肯定句，意为“一定”“务必”。,Eg: 1) Betty must be in the next room. 2) He must be watering the flowers in his garden.,One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A. need B. must C. should D. can 2. - Mu

21、st he come to sign this paper himself?- Yes, he .A. need B. must C. may D. will,情态动词 + have done 这是历年高考热点之一，可表示“推测、责备、怀疑” 等多种意义。,一、表示对过去事情的推测或估计,1. must have done “想必或肯定已经做了某事” eg: The ground is rather wet, so it must have rained last night. 2. may/might have done “可能/大概已经做了某事” eg: Tom may have gone

22、 to shanghai, but I still not sure about it. 3. cant/couldnt have done “不可能已经做了某事” eg: The ground is very dry, so it cant have rained last night 注：在疑问句中 can/could 表示对过去情况的疑问性 推测，“可能已经了吗？” eg: Someone must have broken into our bedroom, Who could have done it?,二、表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备,1. should/ought to hav

23、e done “过去本该做而没做” eg: I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard, but it was too late. 2. shouldnt/oughtnt to have done “过去不该做的事却做了” eg: Im very sorry for the words I shouldnt have said to you at that moment. 3. could/might have done “本来能够做的事却没做” eg: He could have worked ou

24、t the problem.,He neednt have come. He didnt need to come.,他本没有必要来（实际也没来）,他本没有必要来（实际却来了）,4. neednt have done “原本不必做的事却做了” eg: Your home is not far from your school, so you neednt have left in such a hurry.,5. didnt need to do/ didnt have to do “ 没有必要做，实际也没做” eg: I didnt need to clean the windows. My sister d