高三一轮复习语法省略课件.ppt

1、Ellipsis 省略,Brevity is the soul of wit. 言以简为贵,-William Shakespeare,省略是高考英语考试说明要求掌握的的语法项目之一。从命题的趋势来看，历年高考试题都有对省略句方面的考查题目，侧重考查省略在交际中的功能。,考 点 解 读,主要考点有： 1. 简单句中的省略 2. 并列句中的省略 3. 复合句中的省略 4. 不定式的省略 5. 虚拟语气中的省略 6. 替代省略 7. 强调句中的省略 8. 惯用省略结构,考 点 解 读,定义： 一个句子中有时一个或更多的成分会被省略掉，这样的句子称为省略句。,熟 读 深 思,熟 读 深 思,一 简单句

2、中的省略 (1) Have a seat, please ! (2) Lets do the dishes. I will wash and you dry (3) Are you thirsty? Yes, I am. (4) What a beautiful view ! (5) Have you finished your work? Not yet.,You,them,thirsty,主语,宾语,表语,主谓,it is,I have not finished it yet.,在口语中，特别是祈使句中、回答问题时和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，常常省略句子的主语、宾语、表语、主谓语，有时同

3、时省略几个成分，尤其在简洁回答中，为了突出答案，只保留一个句子成分。,归 纳 总 结,-What did she tell you? -_ she would be late. A. That B. When C. Where D. Whether 此题选A。 将其补充完整，即为： She told me that she would be late.,小 试 牛 刀,-Can you climb that tree, my boy? - _? A. I B. Myself C. Mine D. Me 此题选D。 Can I climb that three ? 如果谓语或包括谓语在内的其他部

4、分全部省略，而只留下主语时，主语代词用宾格。 Jack would go to the Expo next week. Me, too.,小 试 牛 刀,二 并列句中的省略 (and/but/or/so/for) (1) My brother is a doctor and my sister-in-law a lawyer. My brother is a doctor and my sister-in-law (is) a lawyer. (2) Peter has recently become，and his brother always was, a hard-working stu

5、dents. Peter has recently become a hard-working students， and his brother always was, a hard-working students.,熟 读 深 思,在并列句中，如果后面分句中有与前面相同的谓语动词，相同主语、宾语、表语部分时，常常可以省略。,归 纳 总 结,The twins are similar in appearance but _ in characteristics. A. not B. no C. arent D. dont 此题选A。 The twins are similar in app

6、earance but the twins are not similar in characteristics.,小 试 牛 刀,I _ and will never ask such a silly question. A. have never B. never C. have asked D. have never asked 此题选D。 I have never asked such a silly quesition and I will never ask such a silly question,小 试 牛 刀,三 复合句中的省略 1. 宾语从句 (1) Mary said

7、that she was born in America and that she grew up in China. (2) You promised to buy a new dress for Mary. Yes, I did. But I didnt say when I would buy a new dress for her.,熟 读 深 思,宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略; 在以疑问代词和疑问副词引导的宾语从句中，有时可以保留疑问词，省去宾语从句其余部分，而意思不受影响。,归 纳 总 结,The doctor believed

8、 something was wrong with Mikes chest and he was trying to find out_. A. what B. how C. why D. where 此题选A。 The doctor believed something was wrong with Mikes chest and he was trying to find out what was wrong with Mikes chest.,小 试 牛 刀,2. 定语从句 (1) The man whom your father just talked to is our Englis

9、h teacher, Mr. Smith. (2) This is the first time that the boy has spoken to a foreigner (3) There was a time when he was disappointed and wanted to leave here. (4) This is the way that/which really works. (5) This is the way that/in which he solves the problem. (6)This is the way that/which he expla

10、ined to us.,熟 读 深 思,在定语从句中，that, which, whom在从句中作宾语时且不位于介词之后常省略； 先行词是time时，表“次数”用关系代词that引导定语从句,可省略；表“一段时间”用关系副词when，不可省略; 先行词是way 时，在从句中作状语时，关系词用that/in which, 还可省略，作其他成分时遵循一般规律。,归 纳 总 结,Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _ hes done for you. A. something B. anything C. all D.

11、that 此题选C。 Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after all (that) hes done for you.,小 试 牛 刀,Why dont you arrange your trip _ you did last summer? A. in the way which B. the way which C. the way D. by the way that 此题选C。 way先行词在从句中作状语，省略关系词。,小 试 牛 刀,熟 读 深 思,3. 状语从句 (1) Metals expand when

12、they are heated and contract when they are cooled. (2) Though he was poor, he lived a happy life . (3) While I was driving to Chicago that night，a sudden thought struck me. (4) Fill in the blanks with articles where it is necessary .,归 纳 总 结,在状语从句中，如果主从句主语相同，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语+be”部分; 如果从句主语为it，从句

13、谓语含be动词,从句中可省去“it+be”部分。,_ green, the door might look more beautiful. A. You painted B. if painted C. To paint D. Have it painted 此题选B。 If the door is painted green, the door might look more beautiful.,小 试 牛 刀,The book, _, appeals to many adult readers, too. A. it was written for children but B. tho

14、ugh which was written for children C. was written for children D. though written for children 此题选D。 The book, though it is written for children, appeals to many adult readers, too.,小 试 牛 刀,Cathy promised to give me a hand, but John shook his head as if _ “Dont trust her”. A. to be saying B. say C. s

15、aid D. to say 此题选D。 but John shook his head as if he was to say “Dont trust her”,小 试 牛 刀,归 纳 总 结,在上下文中，为了避免重复前面或后面出现的动词和动词短语，通常在一些包含有动词不定式的结构中，将动词不定式省略，只保留动词不定式符号to。 常见的动词和结构有want, decide, like, love, hope, wish, mean, refuse, try，ask, tell, order, advise, persuade, warn, wish, permit, allow等。 常见的词组

16、有be going to, used to, have to, ought to, be able to, be about to，would like to等。 常见的形容词如happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready, pleased, afraid 等。 如果不定式带有be, 助动词have, have been时要保留。,熟 读 深 思,I told him to sit down and to wait for a moment. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. What

17、I want to do now is to find some books to read. Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep. Tom had nothing to do except to answer betters this morning. Mother made the boy to go to bed early. The boy was made to go to bed early. Why to talk so much about it? Why not to try it again,归 纳 总 结,当两个

18、或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可省略，但有对比关系时则不省略 复合句中的主句的主语部分含有实义动词do时，作表语的动词不定式常可省略动词不定式的符号to。 作介词but, except, besides的宾语时，前面出现实义动词do的某种形式如do/did /to do等，常省略不定式符号to. 感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listen to, overhear, observe 和使役动词 have, make, let 后作宾语补足语时, 不定式省略to, 但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。 why, why not 特殊

19、问句中省略to,小 试 牛 刀,Dont come in unless _. A. inviting B. inviting to C. invited to D. being invited to 此题选C。 Dont come in unless you are invited to come in.,小 试 牛 刀,- Arent you the manager? - No, and I_ A. dont want to B. dont want to be C. dont want be D. dont want 此题选C。 I dont want to be the manager.

20、,小 试 牛 刀,-Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework? -I am doing these exercises now so that I wont have _ on Sunday. A. it B. them C. for D. to 此题选D。 I am doing these exercises now so that I wont have to do these exercises on Sunday.,小 试 牛 刀,A computer does only what thinking people _.

21、 A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done 此题选A。 thinking people have computer do sth.,小 试 牛 刀,Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no choice but _ a taxi. A. to take B. taking C. take D. taken 此题选A。,五 虚拟语气中的省略 1. If I had known the news before hand, I would have told yo

22、u. Had I known the news before hand, I would have told you 2. It is desired that this rule should be brought to the attention of the staff。 3. They suggested that he should go on a summer camp。,熟 读 深 思,归 纳 总 结,在表示虚拟条件的状语从句中，把if省略，而将had, were, should 时，句子采用倒装语序。 在含有动词“命令(order, command)， 建议(suggest,

23、propose)，要求(request, demand, require)，坚持(insist)希望(desire)”等的名词性从句中，谓语动词通常用should+动词原形，而且should可被省掉,六 替代省略 - Is he coming back tonight? - I think he is coming back tonight. 2. - Is he feeling better today? - Im afraid he isnt feeling better today. 3. Get up early tomorrow. If you dont get up early,

24、you will miss the first bus. 4. He may not be at home then. If he is not at home, leave him a note. 5. I know you better than he knows you. 6. I wonder if they will come back this spring as they came back last spring.,熟 读 深 思,so,not,not,so,does,did,归 纳 总 结,我们在省略句子某些成分时，有时还必须加上适当的替代词，如do, so, one等，以保

25、持句子意思的完整 so或not 代替上文内容，往往代替一个从句, 常见表达有How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so 及I suppose not. I believed not. I hope not等。 有些动词否定表达只有一种：I fear not. / I guess not. / I hope not. / Im afraid not. 有些动词否定表达有两种： I think/ believe/ expect/ suppose/ imagine not = I dont think/ believe/ expect/ sup

26、pose/ imagine so. do/does/did用来代替动词或动词加其他成分。,小 试 牛 刀,-Shall I invite Ann to my birthday party tomorrow evening? -Yes. Itll be fine if you_. A. are B. can C. invite D. do 选D。 It will be fine if you invite her.,小 试 牛 刀,Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go too, mom? _ Wait till you are ol

27、d enough, dear. A. Will you? B. Why not? C. I hope so. D. Im afraid not 选D. I am afraid you cant go.,七 强调句中的省略 -Where were you born? -It was on the farm where my father used to work. It was on the farm where my father used to work that I was born,熟 读 深 思,小 试 牛 刀,八 惯用的省略结构 (It is) no/ little / small

28、wonder 难怪 No smoking! / To think you are so foolish! What about / How about ? How about going for an outing tomorrow? What if ? 如果怎么办？ What if they dont agree with us?,熟 读 深 思,(9) You can go and play football if you want. (10) I dont want to wait for him, but I have to. (11) The students want to ent

29、er the lab, but the monitor advises them not to. (12) Could you go shopping with me? Im glad to (go shopping with you). (13) The only thing you have to do is press the button. (14) Are you a doctor? No, but I used to be.,规则1：to be的省略 有些动词，如：believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结

30、构to be n. / adj. 中的to be可以省略，如：(1)。 规则2：小品词to的省略 (1)在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感观动词及使役动词let, make, have 后的“宾语 动词不定式作宾语补足语”的结构中，不定式符号to须省略，但这类结构变成被动语态时，其后的不定式要还原加上to，如：(2)、(3)。,归 纳 总 结,(2)在can not but, can not choose but, can do nothing but， cant help but， prefer to

31、do rather than do， would do rather than之后的动词不定式一般不带to，如：(4)。 【注意】 在“动词something/nothing/anything/everything but”结构中，若but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done时，but后面的不定式的to须省略，否则要带to。 (3)在并列结构中为了避免重复，后一个to省略，如：(5)。,归 纳 总 结,但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略，如：(6)。 (4)在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中，后跟的动词不定式须省略to，如：(7)。

32、规则3：不定式中动词的省略 (1)动词不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise, wish, hope, plan等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常承前省略不定式后的内容，但要保留不定式符号to，如：(8)。,归 纳 总 结,【注意】 在when, if, what, as 引导的从句中，want, like后的不定式符号to也常省略，如：(9)。 (2)be able to, be going to, have to, ought to,

33、 used to等后面不定式动词若与前面的动词相同，则其后的动词常被省略，只留下不定式符号to，如：(10)。 (3)动词不定式在 ask, warn, tell, advise, force, wish, expect, allow, permit, invite, persuade, order, would like, forbid等动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，如果作宾语补足语的不定式中，其动词与前面的动词相同。为了避免重复，补足语不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to，如：(11)。,归 纳 总 结,(4)在“系动词(be) 形容词”，即“be afraid / ready

34、/ glad / happy / willing”等后面接不定式，为了避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只留下不定式符号to，如：(12)。 (5)主语部分有to do, 系动词是is或was时，作表语的不定式通常省去，如：(13)。 【注意】 承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have，如：(14)。,归 纳 总 结,熟 读 深 思,7. 某些词法上的省略 (1) These are Johns books and those are Marys. (2) He was at the doctors then. (3) We went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest (the) next day. (4) She sings best in the class.,熟 读 深 思,(5) Our teacher