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1、Pictorial History of America,Flora Liu,Unit 1Europeans Discovered a New World,Theme: An interest in adventure and trade led to the discovery of the New World. Chapter1: Indians were the First Americans Chapter2: Europeans Sought Adventure and Trade Chapter3: Columbus Discovered a New World Chapter4:

2、 Bold Men Proved that America was a New World,Chapter2: Europeans Sought Adventure and Trade,Norseman Leif Ericson and his crew sailed toward North America on their voyage of discovery about the year 1000.,Questions to be answered in this chapter,Which European people first discovered America? How l

3、ong did they remain in America? Why did the people of Europe want to go to other parts of the world? What was the result of their exploration?,1. Norsemen Explored the North America,In the three little countries in northern Europe there lived an adventurous people known as the Vikings. On our maps a

4、nd globes today, these countries are called Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. The Vikings were also called Norsemen.,The Norsemen who lived in Norway found it hard to make a living there. Norway faces the sea on the south and west. On the north, it is locked in ice and snow most of the year. Much of the

5、country is rocky, steep, and covered with trees. The land is not good for farming.,1) Norsemen Sailed to Other Lands,Many Vikings turned to the sea for a living. They built swift boats which moved by sails and oars.,Some became fishermen, or hunted walruses, whales, and seals. Others became fierce w

6、arriors and attacked the countries near them., Vikings decorated their ships with carvings like this to frighten enemies.,To the west, Norsemen explored the Atlantic Ocean and discovered Greenland and Iceland. Eric the Red the other Norsemen went to Greenland to live. Nearly a thousand years ago, Le

7、if Ericson, the son of Eric the Red, set sail with 35 men. He discovered the coast of North America, where he found many wild grapes, so they named the country Wineland, or Vineland. Leif then turned to Greenland with grapes and lumber.,2) Norsemen Settled in America,Leif Ericson and his men did not

8、 know how to write, so their adventures were passed down orally for hundreds of years. Their stories were called sagas, or legends. According to one saga, Thorfinn Karlsefni and his men sailed for America. There they found rice, vines, fish and wild animals everywhere. They met the Skraelings, as th

9、e Norsemen called the Indians, who exchanged furs for red cloth which they liked. Later there was a conflict between them, and Karlsefni sailed back.,3) Norsemen Stopped Going to America,Two guesses: 1) There were not many people in Greenland. Those who lived there were contented and comfortable. 2)

10、 The Norsemen knew that the Indians would give them trouble if they returned to America. Sooner or later, they would kill the Norsemen. Other Europeans did not know about America, even the Norsemen forgot the stories of their adventurers. America had to be discovered again.,2. People of Europe Looke

11、d to the East,At about the time that Norsemen were discovering America, other people of Europe were learning about Asia and its spices, silks, jewels, and perfumes.,1) Europeans Fought with the Turks,One way of Europeans learned about Asia was through the Crusades, the wars between the Christian peo

12、ple of Europe and the Arabs and Turks, who were not Christians. The wars were fought to drive the Turks from the Holy Land, Palestine, the birthplace of Jesus.,Before Crusades,Europeans lived on farms. Few towns, little trade Bad roads Numerous robbers People seldom dared to travel away from the far

13、ms on which they were born.,During trade developed. Skilled workmen and merchants Travel was safer.,2) Two Italian Cities Built Up Trade,Venice and Genoa, in northern Italy, grew rich and powerful during the Crusades. Italian merchants exchanged lumber, wheat, and wine for jewels and pepper from Ind

14、ia, sugar and cotton from Arabia, porcelain and silk and tea from China, and spices from the Spice Islands of the Pacific Ocean. Then the merchants carried them over the Alps to France and Germany. This rich trade aroused the interest of many Europeans, so many travelers went eastward.,Trade Routes

15、to the East,Europeans learned of the riches of the East in such cities as this one, in Egypt.,3. Marco Polo Visited the East,Among the most famous travelers to Asia was Marco Polo, who was born in Venice. In the year 1271, when he was 17, Marco set out for the court of the Great Khan, the ruler of C

16、hina.,His travels are recorded inthe Marvels of the World, also known asThe Travels of Marco Polo. People who read this book learned about the beauty and wealth of the Eastern cities.,Marco Polo kneels between his father and his uncle before the Great Khan of China.,4. Portugal Looked for a Route to

17、 Asia,1) Portugal Sought a Route Around Africa,Living on the Atlantic taught the Portuguese many skills in sailing that were useful on ocean waters. Living near Africa made it easy for Portugal to explore the western coast of that continent. The people in Portugal were free of quarrels when most oth

18、er nations were at war. Portugal also had good leaders, especially Prince Henry the Navigator.,2) Prince Henry Taught Sailors,He loved geography. He hired mapmakers to make new maps when sailors found new places. He set up a school for sailors, then sent them out to explore the coast of Africa.,He s

19、ent 50+ expeditions down coast of Africa.,Prince Henry had three aims when he started his school for sailors.,He wanted to learn more about geography. He wanted to find a way around Africa to Asia, so that Portugal could grow rich by trade with the East.,He wanted to send missionaries to new countri

20、es to spread the Christian religion.,3) A New Route to Asia was Found,Prince Henry died in 1460 when his sailors had gone less than half way down the coast of Africa. But the voyage did not stop. In 1488, Bartholomew Diaz sailed around the tip of Africa, which was called the Cape of Good Hope becaus

21、e the king of Portugal hoped that it was the new sea route to India. The world map was filling out on the east and south, but it remained blank toward the west.,The Main Points in This Chapter,Which European people first discovered America?,The Norsemen discovered America about the year 1000.,How long did they remain in America?,The Norsemen did not remain in America for a long time, then they stopped going to America, and their discoveries were forgotten.,Why did the people