关系副词引导的定语从句

1、Unit 5,Grammar,The Attributive Clause,The use of the relative pronoun (关系代词),口诀:定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词 第二看先行词在定语从句中的 语法功能（做主语、宾语或状 语） 第三选择合适的关系词,1.This is al l _ I know about the matter. A. that B. What C. who D. whether 2.Is there anything else _ you want? A. which B . that C. who D. what 3.The last place

2、 _we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it,Choose the best answers:,4. Please take the second chair _ is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that,5.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B./ C. which D. it,6.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to

3、 the police（NMET98) A. which B. what C. whatever D. that,7. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we expected. A. what B. which C. that D. it,关系副词的用法,时间,时间状语,地点,地点状语,原因,原因状语,（一）关系副词where引导的定语从句。 where引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。 例： China is the only country where wild pandas can be found

4、. This is the house where I lived two years ago.,知识拓展： 1. 关系副词where引导的定语从句可以转换为“介词(in/on/at/under等)+which”引导的定语从句。 Eg: The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.,The hotel in which we stayed wasnt clean. = The hotel which/ that we stayed in wasnt clean.,The house where LuXun once lived is being repaired

5、 now.,=The house in which LuXun once lived is being repaired now.,2. 若定语从句的先行词是地点，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句，而不用where来引导。,The library that/ which you visited yesterday was built in 1990.,3. 如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, stage, condition和case, position 等表示抽象意义的词，常用where / prep + which引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在

6、某种境况中”。,例： Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.,【典型例题】 1. Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where,2. Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where,3. I have

7、 reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. why,4. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days. A. where B. there C. which D. when,when引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。 例： The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very diffi

8、cult period of my life.,（二）关系副词when引导的定语从句,先行词是time时,若time 是作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导的定语从句，that可以省略。 This is the second time (that) the president has visited the country. I could hardly remember how many times (that) Ive failed. 若time 作”一段时间，时代”讲时，应用关系副词when 或介词at/during + which 引导的定语从句 This was at a tim

9、e when/ duing which there was no radios, no telephones or no TVs.,1. This is the second time_ I have been here. 2. Can you still remember the time _we spent together in our childhood. 3. The first time _he saw her, he fell in love with her. (1. that /不填 2. that /which 3. that/不填),4) We are living in

10、 a age _ many things are done on the Internet. A. Which B. That C. Whose D. when,知识拓展： 1. 关系副词when引导的定语从句也可以转换为“介词(in/at/on/during)+which”引导的定语从句。 I still remember the time when (during which ) I lived in the countryside.,2. 若定语从句的先行词是时间，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。 Ill never forget the time that

11、 / which I spent on campus. Ill never forget the time that/ which was spent with you.,1. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. ifB. when C. which D. since,2. We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural

12、 areas. A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which,3. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A. Who B. Which C. Why D. When,（三）关系副词why 引导的定语从句。 why引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示原因的名词，如：excuse ; explanation; reason等。 例： The reason why he didnt come to the party is that he didnt wa

13、nt to see Jane.,We cant accept the excuse why you were absent. This is the explanation why they put off the meeting.,知识拓展： 1. 关系副词why引导的定语从句可以转换为“for +which ”引导的定语从句。 This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didnt come here.,2. 若定语从句的先行词是reason，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。 The reason that/ which

14、she gave me was not true.,即学即用 1) The reason _he didnt come was that he was ill. 2) The reason he explained is not true.,why,that/ which,3) The reason _ he was absent was _ he had a bad cold. A. When, because B. When , why C. Why because D. Why that,(四) Way 后接定语从句的情况,way 后面的定语从句的引导词有which/ in which

15、/ that /不填，如： I recognized hes from Australia from the way _ he speaks.,in which ( that / 不填),填上合适的关系词并分析原因： 1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.,that/ which/不填,that/in which/不填,缺状语,缺宾语,缺少主语或宾语:,引导词用that / which /

16、 不填(缺宾语时),主语宾语都不缺:,引导词用that / in which / 不填,1. I dont like the way _you laugh at her. In which/ that / 不填,（四）判断关系代词与关系副词,1. This is the mountain village _ _ I visited last year. 2. This is the mountain village _ I stayed last year. 3. This is the mountain village _ _ I stayed in last year.,that/ whi

17、ch,where,that/ which/不填,介词可后移，此时关系代词可以省略,This is the book for which you asked. = This is the book which/that/不填 you asked for. 但是有些固定动词短语不能拆开，介词不能提前，只能能够放在动词的后面 Eg. This is Xu Jingleis latest movie (which/that) she is looking for.,1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. whereB. that C. on

18、 whichD. the one 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? A. where B. that C. on whichD. the one,归纳： 关系词的选择依据先行词在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。,“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句,介词后的关系代词只能是which （指物）whom（指人）,介词选择的三原则：,一

19、介词根据从句谓语动词的搭配习惯而确定 on which I spent 5 yuan . for which I paid 5 yuan . This is the book from which I learnt a lot. about which Tom often talks,二. 介词根据先行词的搭配习惯而 确定,I remember the day on which I joined the Party. the days during which I lived here. the month in whic I stayed there.,三. 介词根据从句所表达的意义而 确定

20、,My computer, without which I cant play computer games, crashed yesterday. Learning a countrys culture is like opening a window, through which you can know about that country better.,四. 当表示所有关系或是整体中的一部分时 ，常用 of which/ whom 引导定语从句,The old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors. This is the house,

21、 the windows of which (whose window) are very beautiful.,五. 介词短语 + 关系代词,常见短语： at the foot of ; at the bake of ; in front of ; on the top of Eg: They stayed in a big hotel, in front of which was a garden.,六. 名词（代词/数词）+ of +关系 代词,该结构一般引导非限制性定语从句， 在从句中一般做主语 Eg; The building had been repaired, the roof

22、of which was destroyed again in the big fire.,七. 介词 + whose,在定语从句中做定语，修饰其后的名词 Eg: She is the very person in whose pocket I found my lost watch.,1. Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time. A. Of which B. With with C. About which D. Into which,2. The house I grew up _ has been

23、 taken down and replaced by an office building. A. In it B. In C. In that D. In which,3. Tom received training in a computer for one year , _ he found a job in a big company. A. After that B. After which C. After it D. After this,4. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them

24、 came up to us, _ we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. With that,5. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten Windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for ten years. A. these B. those C. that D. which,定语从句与其他从句的比较 1. 非限制性定语从句和单句/并列句的比较 He has two sons. Both of_ are teachers.

25、 （ 句） He has two sons, and both of _are teachers. （ 句） He has two sons; both of _are teachers. （ 句） He has two sons, both of _are teachers. （ 句） A. them B. whom,A,简单,A,A,并列,并列,B,定语从,分析：注意标点符号和是否有连词是区分定语从句、简单句和并列句的一个关键。,2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句与 it引导的句子 The earth is round, and _is known to all. _is known to

26、 all, the earth is round. _is known to all that the earth is round. A. (I)it B. A(a)s,A,B,A,3. 定语从句和状语从句 (1) This is such a big stone _no one can lift it.（ 从句） This is such a big stone _no one can lift. （ 从句）,状语,that,as,定语,分析：从引导词来看，状语从句中的that 是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。,(2) Pleas

27、e put the letter in the drawer where he can easily find it. （ 从句） Please put the letter where he can easily find it. （ 从句）,定语,状语,总结：where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。,4. when引导的定语从句与强调句句型。 It was October _we met in Beijing for the first time.（ 句） It was in October _ we met in Beijing for the first tim

28、e.（ 句）,when,that,定语从,强调,总结：强调句句型：It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who +其它部分，去掉It is/wasthat/who, 句子照样成立。而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成分。,解题技巧： 1. 通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。 2. 题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。 3. 分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主语或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词 4. 注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and, but等。,即学即用： 1) Yesterday my physics teacher set such a diffi

29、cult exam problem _ none of us worked out. A. that B. as C. so that D. which,B,2) Here are players from Japan, some of _ are our old friends. A. which B. that C. whom D. them,C,3) It was eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema. A. which B. that C. when D. on which,C,1. Ill never forget the days

30、_ we worked together. 2. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3. I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.,when /in which,which,where/ in which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,4. I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5. This is the reason _ he was late. 6. This is the reason _ he gave.,which,why

31、/ for which,that/which,及物动词,及物动词,1. Last week , 0nly two people came to look at the house，_ wanted to buy them. A. None of them B. Both of them C. None of whom D. Neither of whom,The man pulled out a golden watch, -_were made of small diamonds. A . The hands of whom B . Whom the hands of C . Which t

32、he hands of D . The hands of which,The newly built cafe, the walls of _are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. A . That B . It C .what D . which,Thats the new machian_parts are too small to be seen. A . That B . Which C . Whose D .what,You will find ta

33、xis waiting at the bus station _you can hire to reach your host family. A . Which B . Where C .when D . as,Julie was good at German, French ,and Russian ,all of _she spoke fluently. A . Who B. Whom C. Which D. that,(2011四川高考) That evening,_ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. AwhichBthat Cwhen Dwhat,(2011陕西高考) I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. Awhich Bwhere Cwho Dthat,(2012合肥质量调研)I remember early spring mornings _ my grandmother woul