高考定语从句复习大全教学课件.ppt

1、Grammar Revision and Exercises,The Attributive Clause,基本概念,一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句。,被修饰限定的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫 关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。,定语从句可分为两种，即限制性定语从句和 非限制性定语从句。,The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.,The boy who is smiling is Tom.,Antecedent (先行词),Relative pronoun (关系代词),The farm is very large. I work on the farm.,The

2、 farm where I work is very large.,Antecedent (先行词),Relative adverb (关系副词),关系词,关系代词,关系副词,that which whom whose as,when why,who,where,正确使用关系 词,主语 宾语 表语 定语,状语,指 代,人或物,功 能,指 代,时间 地点 原因,功 能,1.I shall never forget the days _ we worked together and the days _ we spent together.,when,which/that,2. Those _ h

3、ave plenty of money will help their friends. These apples are rotten. Youd better choose those _ are still green.,who,3. The pen _ Tom sent me as my birthday present was lost. I have lost my pen , _ I like very much.,that/ which,which,which,(只有that,why不能引导非限制性从句),The period during when people learne

4、d to smelt (熔炼) iron is called the Iron Age. 2 . Human beings are social animals whom usually prefer to live in groups. 3. The man, of whose red car is parked in front of our house, is a dentist in the town. 4. During the Industrial Revolution, people moved to cities which many factories had been bu

5、ilt. 5. The house where he lives in needs repairing.,which,who,where,which,in,关系词的使用,-重点及考点,1.只用that的情况 2.which 引导的非限 制性从句 3.as的用法,4.where 从句修饰抽象 名词,that,that,that,that,that,1. 在以下几种场合只能用that,A.先行词(指物)本身是不定代词或先行词被不定 代词修饰 B.先行词兼有指人和指物的名词 C.先行词(指物)被 the very, the only, the next, the last 等修饰 D.先行词(指物)

6、被形容词最高级和序数词修饰 E. 当主句是which/who引导的特殊疑问句,She heard a terrible noise, _brought her heart into her mouth. (NMET1991) A. it B. which C. this D. that,2.Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. (NMET 1999) A. it B. that C. as D. which,3. Dorothy was always speaking high

7、ly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. (NMET 2000) A. who B. which C. this D. what,which 引导的非限制性定语从句在高考中出现 频率极高，其特点是： 指代多样，既可以指代一个先行词，又可以指代 主句的一部分或整个主句； 位置固定，只能位于主句之后； 译法灵活，通常做进一步解释说明。,1.as引导的限制性定语从句,此时先行词前常被such,the same, so,as 修饰， 即构成suchas , the same as, soas, asas 结构，

8、做题时容易 忽略。 提示：在做有关定语从句题目时，如果选项中 出现as, 请先考虑是否考查as 引导的定语 从句。,as 作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语.,1. She is such a lovely girl _ is liked by everybody. A. what B. as C. that D. which,She is such a lovely girl that _,she is liked by everybody.,(结果状语从句）,2. Here is so big a stone _no man ca

9、n lift.,as,动宾,Here is so big a stone that _.,no man can lift it,主谓,Your new dictionary is just the same dictionary as I bought last week.,Ive never seen such a clever child as he is.,来这儿的孩子都是我爸爸的学生。,so as,clever a child,he is.,表 系,宾 动,主 谓,2. As 引导的非限制性定语从句也是高考经常考查 的重点,1) _ is mentioned above, the nu

10、mber of the students in senior high school is increasing. (1999 上海高考） A. Which B. As C. That D. It,2)_ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.(NMET 2001) A. It B. As C. That D. What,正如我们都知道的， 电话是贝尔发明的。,As we all know, the telephone was invented by Bell.,The telephon

11、e, as we all know, was invented by Bell.,The telephone was invented by Bell ,as we all know.,其特点是：指代唯一，即整个主句 位置灵活，可位于主句之后，之前 或之中 译法固定，通常译为“正如”,指代多样，既可以指代一个先行词，又可以指代 主句的一部分或整个主句； 位置固定，只能位于主句之后； 译法灵活，通常做进一步解释说明。,要注意与which引导的非限制性定语从句区分。,She married him, as is unexpected.,The result of the experiment wa

12、s very good, _ we hadnt expected. (2000 京、皖春季高考） A. as B. that C. which D. what,which is unexpected.,as is expected.,： as is well known/ is known to all as has been said before as has been already pointed out as we all can see as is expected/ hoped/ supposed,. as is often the case ,as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有

13、,众所周知,如前所述,正如已经指出的,正如我们所看到的,正如所盼望的/ 希望的/料想的,情况常常如此,4. where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。如：,1) Ive come to the point _ I cant stand him. A. which B. that C. where D. why 2)Hes got himself into a dangerous situation_ he is likely to lose control over the plane.(2001上海） A. where B. which C. while

14、D. why,解析：在这两句中，where 引导的定语从句分别 修饰point和situation, 表示抽象意义“到了某种地 步，在某种境况中”。又如：,There are some cases where this rule doesnt hold good. He had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy. I will show you the point where you fail.,在一些情况下这条规则不适用。,他必须面对压力很大的情况。,我将指出你的失败所在。,Time for exercises,The End,T

15、hank You,关系词的使用,-难点及考点,1.只用that的情况 2.which 引导的非限 制性从句 3.as的用法,4.where 从句修饰抽象 名词,5.where 引导的定语从句容易和其引导的地点 状语从句混淆。,She found her notebook the place where she had tea with her friends yesterday afternoon.,She found her notebook at the place where she had tea with her friends yesterday afternoon.,She fo

16、und her notebook where she had tea with her friends yesterday afternoon.,(where引导定语从句),(where引导地点状语从句),The reason _ he came late was that his car broke down on the way.,The reason_ he gave was unreasonable.,The film brought the days back to the middle-aged people_ they worked in the countryside.,why

17、,when,who,The film draw the attention of the middle-aged people_ once worked in the countryside.,which,二. 非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句既可以修饰主句中的某个名词， 又可以修饰整个主句, 用逗号和主句隔开,在高考 中出现频率极高。考试中常涉及的重点、难点是：,1. which 和as 的选择,两者的区别在：as 引导的非限制性定语从句既 可放在主句之前，又可放在主句之后，从意思 上来说有 “正如”之意，指代整个主句；而 which引导的非限制性定语从句 一般放在主句 之后，没有“正如”

18、的意思，且通常不用译出，既 可以指代主句中的某个名词，也可以指代主句的 一部分或整个主句。,二. 非限制性定语从句,3) Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy.(NMET 2000) A. who B. which C. this D. what,二. 非限制性定语从句,2. 非限制性定语从句和并列句的区别,He has many friends, but _ can give him any help this time. A. all

19、 of them B. none of them C. each of whom D. none of whom,提示： 做此类题时，要特别注意句中有无并列 连词（and, but, ,yet, so,while etc.)，如果有，则 此句是并列句，就不能再用关系代词，而要用 人称代词。,二. 非限制性定语从句,三. “介词 + 关系代词”结构问题,介词+关系代词引导定语从句的现象很多，但 也较复杂，须细加考察。其要点如下：,该结构中关系代词只用whom和which,2. 介词的选用要根据上下文表达的意思，或根 据先行词的习惯搭配，或根据定语从句中某 些词或短语的习惯搭配。,Eg. This

20、 is the ring _ she spent $ 1,000. I cant remember the age _ he won the prize.,on which,at which,The writer _ all of us are familiar will visit our city.,with whom,三. “介词 + 关系代词”结构问题,1. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.(2000 上海) which B. the price of which C. its price

21、 D. the price of whose 2. The English play_ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.(2004全国) A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which,3. 某些固定的短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜 将介词分开放在关系代词前，如listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等。,This is the child I will take care

22、 of. (不说of whom I will take care),三. “介词 + 关系代词”结构问题,有时对定语从句的考查不仅仅局限于这一个语法 知识，而是在句中融合了其他一些知识点，如主 谓一致， 插入语，强调句型，倒装结构, 其他从 句等等，这就加大了题目的难度，做题时要综合 分析，全面考虑。,四.综合考查,四.综合考查,4. This is Mr. Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell you. A. who B. whom C. that D. / 5. He made another wonderful discov

23、ery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is,四.综合考查,6. It is the young man _ looked for _ caught the murderer. A. that; who B. that; they C. they; that D. they; which 7. It was in Beihai Park _ they made a date for the firs

24、t time_the old couple told us their love story. A. where, that B. that, that C. where, when D. that, when,四.综合考查,8. We all have heard the news_ our team won. We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday. 9. He is such a good teacher _ all of us love and respect. He is such a good teacher _ we all

25、 love and respect him. 10. _ is known to us all, paper was first made in China. _ is known to us all that paper was first made in China.,四.综合考查,that,that/which,as,that,As,It,定语从句,which 和as的区别,只用that,as引导限定性从句,省略关系词,where 指代抽象 先行词,where定从和状从,与并列句的区别,主谓一致,插入语,强调句型,其他从句,复习指导：,定语从句是高考命题的热点之一，一般放在 单选和短文改

26、错中考查。常见考点有：,关系词的选择， 非限制性定语从句， 介词加关系代词 和其他知识点的综合考查，,要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析 能力。,一. 关系词的选择,-考点预测,1.只用that的情况 2.as引导的限制性定语 从句 3.省略关系代词,4.where 的先行词不是表 示具体地点的名词 5.where 引导的定语从句 和地点状语从句易混淆,1.Who _ has common sense can believe such a thing? A. who B. which C. but D. that 2. Can you think out a situation_ thi

27、s word can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. with which 3. _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. （04江苏） A.which B. When C. What D. As,4. John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true. (01全国) he B. this C. which D. who 5.It was a meeting _ importance I di

28、dnt realize at that time. A.which B.of which C.that D.whose,A,During the first week of May I went on a holiday to Sichuan. First , I found some photos of interesting places _ were not too far away from Chengdu. I decided to go and see the big Buddha(佛像) in Leshan and Mount Emei. Next, I called a tra

29、vel agent _ telephone number I found in a newspaper. He told me _ I could go on a two-day trip to Leshan and Emei,_ wasnt too expensive. My friends, Xiao Rong and Wei Bin, with _ I often go sight-seeing, said they would join me. Then we went shopping together, getting everything _ was needed ready.,

30、which/that,whose,that,which,whom,that,_ had been planned, we got up at five oclock the next day . First, we went to Leshan, _we climbed all the way up the mountain to see the Buddha. It is such a big Buddha _ we had never seen. But it was a pity that it began to rain shortly after we arrived. That w

31、as the reason _ we only took a few photos. The next morning, we climbed Mount Emei. There were so many lovely monkeys on the way _ led to the top of the mountain _ we spent much time feeding them. Xiao Rong took a photo of the very monkey _ was sitting on my head. It was really fun to play with the

32、monkeys.,As,where,as,why,which/that,that,that,Finally, _ it became dark, we were on the way back to Chengdu. Though we were all very tired, the trip was really forgettable.,when,5 .American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. （04上海） who B. as C. about whic

33、h D. with whom 7. Tom could not say what it was _ bothered him. A. that B. who C. what D. which,( 2 ) 在以下几种场合只能用which/ who(m) 作关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句 关系代词前有介词,2. The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected. (2000 京、皖春季高考） A. when B. that C. which D. what,She married him, as is unexpecte

34、d. , which is unexpected. , as expected.,幻灯片 22,幻灯片 17,2) He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. (NMET 1998) A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is,Please make up a situation _ you can employ this word. A. in that B. in what

35、 C. which D. where,The stories about this secret person, _ this is one example, are widely spread among people. about which B. of which C. which D. from which,5. 注意复合介词的使用,Sound is a tool _ people communicate with each other. A. in which B. by means of which C. by what D. because of which 2) -What w

36、ere you doing then? - I was resting under a tall tree, _ a rabbit suddenly rushed out . A. from which B. out of which C. from behind which D. where,Thats where we differ. 这就是我们的分歧所在。 Thats where youre wrong. 你的错就在这儿。 Thats where the real danger lies. 这就是真正的危险所在。 Thats where we help each other. 我们就在这方面互相帮助。 -Dont look down upon him. He has his own advantages. -Oh, yes. Where others are weak, he is