倒装句和省略句

1、,倒装句,副词开头要倒装，人称代词则如常。 only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。 否定意义副连词，“既不也不”需倒装。 表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。 such代词作表语，引起主谓要倒装。 not only开头句，前一分句需倒装。 had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。,一、倒装,口诀速记：,倒装分两类：全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。实义动词、情态动词或be 动词放在主语之前。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。,全部倒装

2、,(1)there引导的存在句,河边传来求救声。,常见动词有be, come, lie, happen, appear, seem, stand, exist, live, remain等。,有一本书在包里,There is a book in the bag.,There came shouts for help from the river.,(2)在here, there, away, in, out, down, up, off, now, then开头以及介词短语或方位词组作地点状语位于句首的句子里 。,Here _.(车来了.) There_.(火车走了.) In_. (孩子们跑进

3、来了.) Between the houses_. (有棵大树) South of the city_. （有一个工厂.） From the village_. （传出一声可怕的响声）,comes the bus,goes the train.,rushed the children.,stands a tall tree,lies a factory,came a frightening sound.,谓语常是表示方位或位移的不及物动词lie, live, sit, stand, be, come, go, run, rise等。 主语是人称代词时，不倒装。如：Here we are. Th

4、ere he comes.,(3)代词such作表语，意为“这样的人，这样的物”，应置于句首,Such were the facts. Such was Albert Einstein.,(4)平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密。,They reached a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.,部分倒装,(1)so, neither, nor开头的句子，表示“也一样、也不”,I like sports, and 我哥哥也是. If you go, 我也去. He hasnt come, 他的姐妹们也没来. If you dont go, 我

5、也不去.,so does my brother.,so will I.,nor have his sisters,neither shall I,1.Tom works hard. So he does and so do you. 2.I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio . So it is with me. so it is/was with 主语或者是it is/was the same with 主语。,(2)含有否定意义的副词(词组)，如：never, seldom, hardly, little, rarely，scarcely，

6、nowhere, by no means, at no time等置于句首。,我几乎不相信那件事。 （hardly） 他几乎不给我写信。（ seldom ） 我们绝不放弃。（ by no means ） 我几乎不知道他是谁。(little),little作形容词，修饰主语时，仍用正常语序。如：Little Franz often played the piano.,Hardly can I believe that.,Seldom does he write to me.,By no means shall we give up.,Little did I know who he was.,(

7、3)only修饰状语(从句)，并置于句首时，主句中要部分倒装.,Only when the rain stopped did the match start again.,only修饰主语时不倒装。 如：Only he can do it.,(4)not onlybut (also)连接两个分句，not only置于句首,Not only should we study science, but also we should pay attention to politics.,not only引导的部分要部分倒装，但but (also)部分不倒装。若not onlybut (also)连接两

8、个主语，句子不倒装。,(5)Not until ，Hardlywhen，No sooner than，Sothat，Suchthat。,直到昨天我才意识到自己错了。 我还没有进门电话铃就响了。 他是如此的生气以至于说不出话来。 他做出了如此大的进步，他被表扬了。,主倒从不倒，即主句部分用倒装语序，从句部分用陈述语序。,Not until yesterday did I realize I was wrong.,Hardly had I entered the room when the telephone rang.,So angry was he that he couldnt speak.

9、,Such great progress did he make that he was praised.,(6)省略if的虚拟条件句，将were，had, should 移至主语前,Were he (If he were ) here now, I could ask him. Should he (If he should) come, tell him to ring me up.,(7)祝愿句,May you succeed！,(8)as或though引导让步状语从句引起的倒装。句型是：表语/状语/动词原形as/though主语 。,尽管他很年轻，他懂得很多。 尽管我很喜欢它，我不会买

10、它的。 尽管他会尝试，他不会找到工作的。,though引导让步状语从句也可不倒装 表语前的冠词要省略。如：Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.,Young as he is, he knows a lot.,Much as I like it, I will not buy it.,Try as he might，he could not find a job.,1.(2010陕西卷)John opened the door. There _he had never seen before. Aa girl did stand Ba girl sto

11、od Cdid a girl stand Dstood a girl 答案：D,2(2009上海卷)Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away_. Afleeing the thief Bwas fleeing the thief Cthe thief was fleeing Dfled the thief 答案：D,3.(2010海淀第二学期期末)Not until they left school _ how much their teachers loved them and helped them. Athey realized Bdid they re

12、alize Cthey would realize Dhad they realized 答案：B,4(2010南通一模)Did you hear that Li Hua was robbed during his recent trip to South Africa? Yes，not only _ his money，but he was nearly killed. Ahe lost Bdid he lose Che had lost Dwas he lost 答案：B,5(2010江西卷)Not until he left his home _ to know how importan

13、t the family was for him. Adid he begin Bhad he begun Che began Dhe had begun 答案：A,6(2010上海春招)Never_Lisa would arrive but she turned up at the last minute. Adid we think Bhave we thought Cwe thought Dwe have thought 答案：A,7(2009全国卷)The computer was used in teaching. As a result，not only_，but students

14、 became more interested in the lessons. Asaved was teachers energy Bwas teachers energy saved Cteachers energy was saved Dwas saved teachers energy 答案：B,8(2009重庆卷)Unsatisfied_with the payment，he took the job just to get some work experience. Athough was he Bthough he was Che was though Dwas he thoug

15、h 答案：B,9(2009山东卷)So sudden_that the enemy had no time to escape. Adid the attack Bthe attack did Cwas the attack Dthe attack was 答案：C,10(2009江苏卷)Distinguished guests and friends，welcome to our school._the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. AAttend

16、 BTo attend CAttending DHaving attended 答案：C,11(2009四川卷)Not until I came home last night_to bed. AMum did go Bdid Mum go Cwent Mum DMum went 答案：B,12(2008上海卷)So much of interest_that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all. Aoffers Beijing BBeijing offers Cdoes Beijing offer DBeijin

17、g does offer 答案：C,13(2008陕西卷)Not until the motorbike looked almost new_repairing and cleaning it. Ahe stopped Bdid he stop Cstopped he Dhe did stop 答案：B,14(2011浙江金华十校联考)Not until the press reported the pollution_why the water supply had been cut off. Apeople did know Bpeople had known Chad people kn

18、own Ddid people know 答案：D,15(2011湖南联考)We have to stop talking here outside. Listen，_！ Hurry up，or well be late. Athere goes the bell Bthere does the bell go Cthere the bell goes Dgoes the bell there 答案：A,16(2011东城练习二)Only when Tom fully recovered_back to work. Adid he go Bhe went Chad he gone Dhe ha

19、d gone 答案：A,17(2011南通二模)The policeman told me that I had passed the driving test and never in my life _so happy and excited. AI felt Bdid I feel CI had felt Dhad I felt 答案：D,18(2011苏锡)Not only_know the theory，but also _learn how to apply it in practice. Ashould we；should we Bwe should；we should Csho

20、uld we；we should Dwe should；should we 答案：C,19(2011东北三省四市联考)Such a great event _that it will attract governments and people from across the world to Shanghai. Ais World Expo 2010 BWorld Expo 2010 is Chas World Expo 2010 been DWorld Expo 2010 has been 答案：A,20(2011青岛市联合模拟)Only under special circumstanc

21、es _to take makeup tests. Aare freshmen permitted Bpermitted are freshmen Cfreshmen are permitted Dare permitted freshmen 答案：A,21(2011海南五校联考)I have been living in Haikou for 10 years，but seldom _so lonely as now. Ahave I felt BI have felt Chad I felt DI had felt 答案：A,22(2010合肥第三次教学检测)Since my return

22、 to China，I havent seen my host mother in America，nor _from her. AI heard BI have heard Cdid I hear Dhave I heard 答案：D,23(2010江西高安中学月考)Did you see who the driver was? No，so quickly_that I couldnt get a good look at his face. Adoes the car speed by Bthe car sped by Cdid the car speed by Dthe car spee

23、ds by 答案：C,24(2010江西上高二中月考)_he is，_he can do something that grownups do. AA boy as；but BA boy though；yet CBoy as；yet DBoy as；but 答案：C,25(2010九江地区联考)Hardly_the phone_I was told that the hotel had been booked full. AI had picked up；when Bhad I picked up；then Chad I picked up；when DI had picked up；then

24、 答案：C,26(2010抚州地区联考)Only when class began_that he had left his book at home. Awill he realize Bhe did realize Cdid he realize Dshould he realize 答案：C,27(2009福州检测)“By no means，” declared the captain.“_give way to disappointment.” Awe would Bwe will Cmight we Dshall we 答案：D,28(2009绵阳市第三次诊断)_，she talks

25、 a lot about her favorite singers after she went home. AA quiet student as she may be BQuiet as she may be a student CBe a quiet student as she may DQuiet student as she may be 答案：D,29. _ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. ASuch BThis CThat DSo 【答案】 A 30Hearing the dog bar

26、king fiercely, away_. Afleeing the boy Bwas fleeing the boy Cthe boy was fleeing Dfled the boy 【答案】 D,31Not until quite recently _ that language is closely related to culture. Ahe realized Bdid he realize Chad he realized Dhe did realize 【解析】 Bnot until引导的短语置于句首，后面要用部分倒装结构，所以要排除A和D；此外，句子中没有明显的“过去的过去

27、”标志词，所以不能用过去完成时，故C项也得排除。,32In Switzerland, six miles west of Geneva，_a collection of laboratory buildings. Alie Bare lying Clies Dlays 【答案】 C,33.At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _，one of the ten largest cities in China. Alies Chongqing BChongqing lies Cdoes lie Chongqi

28、ng Ddoes Chongqing lie 【解析】 A考查倒装句。为了表示强调，把作状语的介词短语提到句首，此时句子采用完全倒装的语序。,342010四川卷 We laugh at jokes，but seldom _ about how they work. Awe think Bthink we Cwe do think Ddo we think 【解析】 D考查倒装用法。seldom，hardly，never，no等具有否定意义的词位于句首句子用部分倒装语序。,35_in the root of his family that he decided to make a trip to

29、 Africa for further research. ASo interested Kunta was BSo interested was Kunta CHow interested Kunta was DKunta was such interested 【解析】 B考查倒装句。sothat这个固定句式中的so及其修饰成分提到句首时，句子倒装，因此B项正确。,省略句,二、省略,在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。英语中的省略要求不破坏语法结构，要保持句子意义的准确无误。省略有词

30、法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。省略部分的成分和含义可从上下文或具体语言环境中找到而且是有章可循的，英语的省略大致有以下几种情况：,1介词的省略 一些与动词、名词或形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的动名词。常见的句型有： spend some time (in) doing sth.； be busy (in) doing sth.； have difficulty (in) doing sth.；stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.,2连词that 的省略 I believe (that) he will come here. Its a

31、 pity (that) he will leave this city.,3定语从句与名词性从句中的省略 (1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that可省略。如： The teacher (who/whom/that) I talked with was Mr. Meng. (2) 在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中，应用虚拟语气形式“should 动词原形”，should可以省略。She suggests that we (should) go at once.,4动词不定式省略，只保留to的场合。 不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见的动词有expect, refuse, mean, like, love, hope，want等。如： He went home that day though he didnt want to.,Are you a sailor？No, but I used to. Are you a sailor?No, but I used to be. 动词不定式的省略：在同一句或联系紧密的对话里，常把不定式符号to后内容相同的部分省略