高考英语语法专题讲解虚拟语气课件

1、英 语 高 考 语法 讲 解,(虚拟语气专题) 刘丽红,一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气(if 引导) 二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 三、主语从句中的虚拟语气 四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气 五、状语从句中的虚拟语气 六、几种特殊的虚拟语气,虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。,1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 if 从句 主句 现在 过去式 would (should, could, might)+动原 将来 同上 过去 had done would (should, could, might)+ have done,过去式,

2、should+动原,were to+动原,考题点击： I am not free today. If I _free today , I _ and visit some of my friends . A. am will go B. were , would go C. shall be D. be , must go 2. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going . A. had been , would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, would p

3、revent D. were, would have prevented 3.If I were to see Tom, what _ you _ me to tell him? A. are ,going to ask B. do , ask C. would , ask D. did, ask,学习虚拟条件句还要注意以下4点：,（1）省略if 若虚拟条件句中有 were, had, should 时，可省略 if 而将 were, had, should 移到句首。如： （1）If I were in school again, I would work harder. （2）_ for

4、the doctors careful treatment, he _till last year. A. If it is not, cant live B. Were it not, couldnt live C. Had it not been, couldnt have lived D. If they were not, couldnt live,Were I in school again,.,1.If you had finished writing the book last month , it would be published next month.,2.You wou

5、ld be much better now if you had taken my advice.,错综时间虚拟条件句,3. If you had met him yesterday, you would know what to do now.,（2）错综时间虚拟条件句 虚拟条件句与主句谓语动词发生的时间有时不一致，要注意主从句谓语形式。 考题 It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in

6、 my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall,有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词来表示或通过上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for ”，“without ”及“but that ” “ except for和“supposing ” “otherwise等表示含蓄的虚拟： But for your help,I would have failed. Without the money,I would not be alive now.,（3）含蓄虚

7、拟条件句,Supposing there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.,She would leave her husband except for children. 如果没有孩子的话,她就会离开她的丈夫的,考题点击： 1.I went by plane; otherwise I _ much longer time. A.

8、could take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have taken,D,2.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored,D,3. Without liberation we _ a new life. A. would not begin B. would not have been begun C. had not b

9、egun D. would not have begun,D,if only,过去完成时,一般过去时,对过去虚拟,对现在虚拟,could + 完成时,（4）if only 从句 if only 若是.那该多好啊; 真希望.; 只要.就好,If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes. If only she could have lived a little longer. If only she had lived a little longer. 3. If only he had arrived in t

10、ime.,would /could/might +动词原形,对将来虚拟,比较if only与only if only if 表示“只有”； I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 考题 1. If only grandmother _ this together with us now. A. will see B.could see C.must see D.should see,B,2. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A

11、. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie (lie 躺，lay, lain),C,二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气,1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示 与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓 语动词退后一个时态。例如: 1)与现在事实相反 : I wish I were as healthy as you. I wish that I had a plane. 2)与过去事实相反 : I wish I had been to the concert last night. I wish you had written to him. 3)与将来事实相

12、反 : I wish he would forgive me.,wish + (that)+did(were),wish + (that)+had done,wish + would/could/might+do,2. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。 常见的动词有:一个坚持insist; 两个命令order, command ; 三条建议suggest , advise, propose; 六项要求demand, request, require, ask; urge, desire, 注意: suggest表 暗示表明 时 ins

13、ist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气,He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once.,考题点击： Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. take 2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. wou

14、ld tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told 3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed,D,B,B,三、主语从句中的虚拟语气,基本句型： 1. It be+过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形+,过去分词：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed, demanded, arranged, desired, advis

15、ed,It is required that nobody (should) smoke here. Its suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.,2. It be+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形+ 形容词:important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better, proper, funny, strange, surprising,It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now. Its important tha

16、t we (should) take good care of the patient. How strange that you should not have heard it! It is quite natural that she should succeed.,3. It be+名词（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that + (should)+动词原形+,It seems such a pity that you should have to spend the day at the hotel. 你得在旅馆里度过一天看来是一件遗憾的事情.,It is

17、a burning shame that little children should have to beg in the street. 小孩们得在街上乞讨,这是一件严重的可耻的事.,It is no wonder that she should not write to you. 她不给你写信一点也不奇怪.,四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气,在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice , decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中 要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。,My suggestion is that

18、we (should) leave at once.,1)表语从句:,2)同位语从句:,I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,考题点击： His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try 2.He gave an advice that they _ each other. A. helped B. must help C.help D.had helped 3.My sug

19、gestion is that a few more people _ there to help me. A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sent,A,C,A,as if/as though,过去完成时,一般过去时,would /could/might +动词原形,对过去虚拟,对现在虚拟,对将来虚拟,They talked as if they had been friends for years. She takes care of the orphan as if he were her own child. It is so cool

20、 as if it were autumn. She looks as though she had been ill. It looks as if it might rain.,五、状语从句中的虚拟语气,用在lest(惟恐,免得), for fear that(以免,为防止起见)和in case引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形或动词原形。,1. She closed the windows lest she catch cold. 2. He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain. 3. She put her

21、coat over the child for fear that he should catch cold. 4. Heres some money in case you should need it.,lest /for fear that/ in case,+ 句子(should +动词原形),考题点击： 1. We felt as if we _ each other for years. A.knew B.were knowing C.had known D.have knowing 2. He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it

22、_. A. may explore B. exploded C. explode D. had explode,C,C,几种特殊句式的虚拟语气:,would rather + do something(宁愿做某事),would rather+ 句子(虚拟),过去完成时,一般过去时,一般过去时,对过去虚拟,对现在虚拟,对将来虚拟,I would rather you posted the letter right away. I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you

23、came next weekend. Id rather she hadnt done that.,It is (high, about,low) time that,一般过去时,should + 动词原形,此处的should一般不省略,注意: 此句型与下面的句型的区别:,It is time for somebody to do something. It is the first time that从句用 It was the first time that从句 用,现在完成时,过去完成时,It is time for us (have)dinner. It is (about/high)

24、 time that we （have）dinner.,It is the first that he (go) there. It was the first time that he (go) there.,to have,had,have gone,had gone,Would you mind + if从句中谓语动词一般用一般过去时.,Would you mind if I opened the window? 如果我打开窗户, 你不反对吗? Do you mind if I smoke? 我抽烟你不介意吧?,注意: would you mind doing sth. Would yo

25、u mind my smoking?,高考链接: 1. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come (MET94) 2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken (MET95),D,C,3. You didnt let me drive. If we_ in turn, you_so tired. A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wou