新编英语教程第三册

1、,Unit 1 Text I My First Job Text II How to do well on a Job Interviewing Listening Comprehension Writing a Diary,suburb, summon, awkward, dreary, gabled, ever-green, fume, an air of, disapproval, colonel, grunt, dingy, proceed, margarine, mumble, attach importance to, consist of, appall, split, dism

2、ayed, diffidently, protest, get to ones feet, last straw, prospect,test yourself!,Step 1 Listening In and Speaking out !,1 Prepare for the new words,2 Listen and try to understand,1. When you receive a job offer, what issues must you consider before making a decision?,1). When you receive a job offe

3、r, you must consider many issues before making a decision, such as: Will the organization be a good place to work? Will the job be interesting? Are there opportunities for advancement? Is the salary fair? Does the employer offer good benefits?,Yes, you can ask your potential employer directly about

4、such issues, and you should also do some checking on your own.,2. Can you ask your potential employer directly about such issues?,3. Why is a job with a lack of opportunities considered a bad offer?,Because a lack of opportunities can dampen interest in the work and result in frustration and boredom

5、.,4. List several sources where you can find information about earnings and benefits.,You can find information about earnings and benefits from your family, friends, or acquaintances who recently were hired in similar jobs. Or you can ask your teachers and the staff in placement offices about starti

6、ng pay for graduates with your qualifications. Help-wanted ads in newspapers sometimes give,Because depending on the job, you may or may not be exempt from laws requiring the employer to compensate you for overtime.,5. Why is the organizations policy regarding overtime an important factor to conside

7、r?,3. Speaking out What kind of job do you think is an ideal job for you?,Work surroundings Interest Opportunity potential Salary Benefits,What kind of personal qualifications do you think you should have?,Mature, competent, experienced reliable, honest, responsible creative, highly-motivated Indepe

8、ndent, resourceful Ambitious, aggressive Energetic, open-minded Sociable, selfless/unselfish,Step 2 Reading famous sayings,There are no menial (humble) jobs, only menial attitudes. William J. Bennett The supreme accomplishment is to blur the line between work and play. Arnold Toynbee Choose a job yo

9、u love, and you will never have to work a day in your life. Confucius 好之者不如乐之者。出自论语雍也,If you have a job without any aggravations, you dont have a job. Malcolm S. Forbes Find a job you like and you add five days to every week. H. Jackson Browne It is easier to do a job right than to explain why you d

10、idnt. Martin Van Buren 与花时间 解释你为什么没有做好相比，直接做好一件工作要简单得多,Questions on specific details 1,General School Certificate 普通教育证书,General Certificate of Education (GCE) stands for an educational qualification in Britain. There are two levels of examinations in the British GCE. Schoolchildren at the age of 15

11、 or 16 may take any number of examinations in a range of subjects and, after passing the examinations, are awarded “O” Level (ordinary level) GCEs. Students aged 17 or over may take “A” Level (advanced level),Background,Questions on specific details 1,examinations, which are necessary for entrance t

12、o a university. The GCE was replaced by General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) in 1988.,Reading comprehension,What is the main idea of this passage?,The writer was interviewed by the headmaster of a school and was offered a job which was none too pleasant.,Scanning,Scanning,Reorder the Pi

13、ctures,Division of the text,Part one (par.1-2): The author applied for a job and went for an interview. Part two (par.3): A description of the school and its surroundings Part three (par. 4-9): The interview between the headmaster and the author,Questions for discussion:,1. Why did the writer apply

14、for a teaching post? 2. Describe the surroundings of the school. 3. Describe the appearance and manners of the headmaster. 4. What kind of class was the writer asked to teach?,Questions for discussion:,5. What were the teaching arrangements for the writer? 6. What was the young mans impression of th

15、e headmaster? How did he arrive at this? 7. Tell what you know about the young man. 8. What is the writers purpose in writing this narrative passage?,Writing style and structure of the text,It is a piece of Narration. Told in the first person, the text gives a vivid and detailed account of the autho

16、rs applying for a job before going to college.,Four types of text,Description(描述) is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene. Narration (记叙)writing includes stories , real or imaginary, biographies, histories, new items, and narrative poems. Exposition(说明) is perhaps the typ

17、e of writing that is more frequently used by a student, a scientist, or a professional, exposition means expounding or explaining. Argumentation(议论) essay tries to make the reader agree with its point of view and support it, to persuade him to change his mind or behavior, and to approve a policy or

18、a course of action that it proposes.,Six elements of a Narration,A recital contest before the detailed reading,four participants At least three paragraphs Your marks are given according to fluency, pronunciation and correct pause of sentences. Welcome the judges! We choose a champion every week and

19、we will have a final contest at the end of the term. The final champion will get a reward.,Language points,While I was waiting to enter university, I saw in a local newspaper a teaching post advertised at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.,I saw a teaching post advert

20、ised at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived in a local newspaper.,两条支配英语词序的重要原则，句尾焦点和句尾重心。（End focus and end weight),post: n. a job or official position in a company or organization,Guess the meanings of “post” in the following sentences,My uncles horse was first past t

21、he post.,终点或起点,The ship was posted missing.,公布,The post was advertised in todays newspaper.,职位,句尾重心原则的主要实现形式如下： 1It充当形式主语或形式宾语，后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词结构或名词性分句。例如： Its illegal to drive without a license. It was pleasant meeting you in London that day. It was not known whether there was gold left

22、in the mine. He made it clear that he didnt want to speak to me.,2. SVoO(即“主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”)句型中，一般词序是直接宾语位于间接宾语之后。如果间接宾语较长或结构比较复杂，一般应置于句尾。试比较： You should give them a good example. You should give a good example to your young brothers and sisters.,3. SVOC (即“主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语”) 句型中，一般词序是宾语补语在宾语之后，但若宾语过长或

23、比较复杂时一般将宾语移至宾语补语之后。例如： He has proved wrong the forecasts made by the countrys leading economic experts. The teachers of the College English Center are making great efforts to cultivate in their students the habit of speaking English.,Being short of money and wanting to do something useful, The ing p

24、articiple phrase can be changed into an adverbial clause of cause or reason: -As I was short of money Examples: Being in poor health and lacking in teaching experience, he was dismissed. Not having his telephone number, I couldnt contact him.,be short of: have not enough; lack ;be in need of be shor

25、t on: be poorer at, be not so good at 在稍差，在较欠缺 e.g. The book has good information, but is rather short on illustration. She is a nice person, but short on looks.,Because I was in bad need of money and was eager to do something of use, I applied for the job. But at the same time that I did so, I was

26、afraid that the possibility for me to get the job was very small because I didnt have a university degree, nor did I have any teaching experience.,Paraphrase,However, three days later a letter arrived, summoning me to Croydon for an interview. It proved an awkward journey: a train to Croydon station

27、; a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter of a mile. As a result I arrived on a hot June morning too depressed to feel nervous.,Give me sentences including “summon” a bus ride that takes ten minutes Ten-minute is a compound adjective of time formed by combining a cardinal number

28、with a noun in the singular number which are joined by a hyphen.,Croydon: a city in Surrey, England, south of London, three days later I received a letter, asking me to go to Croydon to have an interview.,Paraphrase of the italisized part,The school was a dreary, gabled Victorian house of red brick

29、and with big staring sash-windows. The front garden was a gravel square; four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road.,Give sentences including “dreary” and “gabled”.,Victorian house:,a house typical of the time Queen Victoria (

30、18191901) reigned over Britain (18371901),sash-window,sash-window:,window of two frames which open by sliding one frame up or down behind or in front of the other 上下推拉窗,Whats your feeling of this environment?,It was clearly the headmaster himself that opened the door. He was short and rotund. He had

31、 a sandy-coloured moustache, a freckled forehead and hardly any hair. He was wearing a tweed suit one felt somehow he had always worn it and across his ample stomach was looped a silver watch-chain.,1. Explain the words “rotund, ample, and loop” with examples,2. Rewrite the italicized sentence into

32、ordinary order,The sentence underlined is an fully inverted sentence. 主语放句尾，介词短语被前置,He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone. “Ah yes,” he grunted. “Youd better come inside.”,Explain the meaning of “air”in this sentence. W

33、ith an air if importance Air appearance, manner or personal bearing,Paraphrase this sentence,He cast a look at me with the same surprise and dislike as a colonel would look at a soldier when his bootlaces came loose.,The narrow, sunless hall smelled unpleasantly of stale cabbage; the cream-printed w

34、alls had gone a dingy margarine colour, except where they were scarred with ink marks; it was all silent. His study, judging by the crumbs on the carpet, was also his dining room. On the mantelpiece there was a salt cellar and pepper-pot.,Could you write a similar paragraph about our classroom accor

35、ding to the given paragraph?,His study, judging by the crumbs on the carpet, was also his dining room.,所谓垂悬结构（The Dangling Construction）就是一个句子成分，如分词短语，不定式动词短语等，找不到被修饰的主语或被修饰的对象不合逻辑，一般叫做“垂悬分词”，在语法书上叫做“独立主格结构”。另外，值得注意的是“垂悬分词”是没有错的，要和错误的句法“悬垂结构”区别开来。“悬垂结构”是错误的句法，应该避免。,三种常见的垂悬结构及其改正方法：,垂悬分词或分词短语，如： Clim

36、bing up the hill, several boars were seen. 这句子里的现在分词短语（present participial phrase）修饰主语“several boars”是错的；改正方法有二： (a)确定是逻辑主语，使句子变成“Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars.” (b)把现在分词短语扩大为副词分句（也称状语从句）：“When the explorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars/ several boars were seen

37、.”,垂悬副词短语，如： After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite. 这句的副词短语（adverb phrase）和主语“the fish”有什么逻辑关系呢？真正的逻辑主语应该是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才对。改正方法和例同： (a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fish began to bite. (b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on

38、the hook, the fish began to bite.,垂悬不定式动词短语，如： To write well, a lot of practice is needed. To be a loyal employee, a sense of belonging is a must. 这两个句子的不定式动词短语（infinitive phrases）并不能修饰“practice”和“a sense of belonging”，真正的主语必须是“ 人”，如： (a) To write well, one needs a lot of practice/a person has to pr

39、actise a lot. (b) To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a sense of belonging.,“Youd better sit down,” he said, and proceeded to ask me a number of questions: what subjects had I taken in my General School Certificate; how old was I; what games did I play; then fixing me suddenly with his blood

40、shot eyes, he asked me whether I thought games were a vital part of a boys education.,proceed to: do something after doing something else first,Since everyone agrees on the matter, lets proceed to discuss the next point. Before we proceed to examine this part of the case, it may be proper to listen

41、to the witness.,fixwith 盯着看，用(某种眼光)瞧(某人)： Fixing the boy with a steady look, the teacher forced him to tell the truth. 老师的目光紧紧盯着学生，迫使他说出了真情。,I mumbled something about not attaching too much importance to them. He grunted. I had said the wrong thing. The headmaster and I obviously had singularly litt

42、le in common.,attach importance to: lay stress on, give or ascribe importance to,Many companies attach importance to etiquette and manners in addition to individuals abilities and skills. We must attach importance to food safety because it is concerning peoples lives.,The headmaster and I obviously

43、had singularly little in common.,Their personal and professional lives have collapsed into a singularly defined area that representswho they are.,不可思议的,Apparently the headmaster and I had no similar interests or beliefs.,The school, he said, consisted of one class of twenty-four boys, ranging in age

44、 from seven to thirteen. I should have to teach all subjects except art, which he taught himself. Football and cricket were played in the Park, a mile away on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons.,consist of: be made up of, be formed from,The way teaching was organized filled me with terror (or, I was

45、shocked at the teaching arrangements).,The teaching set-up appalled me. I can do something for 12 hours that would appallme if I had to keep it up for a lifetime.,I should have to divide the class into three groups of three different levels and teach them one after another.,I should have to split th

46、e class up into three groups and teach them in turn at three different levels.,range in from A to B: vary of something between A and B on a scale of measurement or quality,Vacuum cleaners range in price from less than $100 to more than $500. The children at the orphanage range in age from infant to

47、1012 years old.,It was not so much having to tramp a mile along the dusty streets of Croydon, followed by a crocodile of small boys that I minded, but the fact that most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.,不是而是 It was not so much . But/as. it was not that .but that It was not becau

48、se, but because It was not that we are not willing to go, but that we have no time.,I felt troubled not because I had to walk for a mile along the dusty streets of Croydon, followed by a group of boys, but because at that time most of my friends would be having a good time and relaxing.,This was the

49、 last straw,Straw is very light in weight, but if you increase the burden on the camels back straw by straw, eventually you will put on his back one straw too many and the last straw will break his back.,The fact that I would have to work under a woman in future made me feel totally humiliated.,The

50、prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity. Please give me two sentences contain,Possible new words and expressions,suburb, summon, awkward, dreary, gabled, ever-green, fume, an air of, disapproval, colonel, grunt, dingy, proceed, margarine, mumble, attach importance to, co

51、nsist of, appall, split, dismayed, diffidently, protest, get to ones feet, last straw, prospect,advertise advertise (v.) vt. e.g. Do salesmen their goods? Where do people their products? They their products in newspapers or on TV., advertiser (n.) advertisement (n.) = ad e.g. The store has an in the

52、 newspaper for a special sale. Have you ever received s in your mailbox? cf. commercial (n.) -an advertisement on television or radio (电视、广播之) 广告,Some writing hints how to describe a person,Forehead; Moustache; Eyes; Hair; Figure; Height;,You can describe any of your classmates in the classroom with

53、 given words or any words you like!,Forehead large, high, low, broad, narrow, domed( 有穹顶的）， or retreating/ receding (后退的）,Moustache close cropped （又密又短），drooping (下垂的，软绵绵的）；pointed （硬而直的）,Eyes bloodshot eyes, bulging eyes(淡褐色的，鼓起来的）, prominent eyes（大眼睛，突出的眼睛），dark-eyes， deep-set eyes （深陷的），sunken ey

54、es （凹眼）,Hair short, long, thin, thick, straight, curled, curly, wavy(波浪的）, sparse(稀少）, unkempt（蓬乱）, disheveled （散乱的）， luxuriant(丰厚的） The color of hair can be: black, dark, red, grey, silver, chesnut, white, brown, blonde, golden, jet-black, dyed(染色的）,Some men lose their hair and go bald,Figure: a pe

55、rsons figure may be slender, stout( fat, plump), stooping, thin (lean), slim Height: A person may be : tall, short, of medium( average) height,A young man saw a teaching post in a . He , fearing that without a and with _in teaching, his chances of getting the job were . , he got an answer, asking hi

56、m to . However, the interview made him feel everything was _: school conditions, , the teachers, the , etc. is the woman, who really ran the school. He didnt at last.,Exercise 1 Translate the following sentenced from Chinese into English. 他们都认为他成功的可能性很小。 我不知道她为何总带有一种闷闷不乐的神情。 等到所有同学就座后，学生会主席才开始宣布野营的日

57、程安排。 胃是人至关重要的器官，请善待之。 他认为总经理如此重视那些日常琐事是荒唐的。 她的研究涉及多种语言和文化，富有挑战性。 根据安排，全体工作人员轮流值晚班。 想到要远离父母独立生活，她深感不安。,9. 对于他是否胜任这项工作我们不甚担心，我们更担心他的健康问题。 10. 想到要做一次环球航海旅行，他为之激动不已。,Exercise 2. Complete each unfinished sentence with a word, phrase, or structure from the box in the proper form.,apply for, get to ones fe

58、et, survive, attach importance to, have much in common, being, judging by, competent, Not so much but the fact that, a crocodile of, ranging in price/age,Usually the interviewer _ the educational background, abilities, interests and past experiences of the applicant. Few people in that village _ the

59、 terrible famine of 1962. His efforts to get the job were futile because there were a lot of _ young men who _ the job.,4. Experienced teachers find they _ when they talk about the teaching set up. 5. _ the way she prepares the meal, we can say that she must have been trained in a good restaurant. 6. The interviewee is not supposed to _ before the interviewer does so. 7. T