最常用医学前后缀

1、100个最最常用医学前后缀Table 1 Examples of organs and systems （部分器官与系统术语）中文普通前/后缀形容词示例心heartcardiocardiaccardialcardiology 心脏病学 endocarditis 心内膜炎myocarditis 心肌炎脑braincerebroencephalocraniocerebralcranialcerebrum 大脑cerebellum 小脑encephalopathy 脑病intracranial 颅内的 肺lungpulmopulmonarypulmonology 肺病学pulmonectomy 肺切

2、除pulmonitis 肺炎肝liverhepatohepatichepatitis 肝炎hepatobiliary 肝胆的hepatoenterostomy 肝肠吻合肾Kidney.nephrorenalnephritis 肾炎nephropathy 肾病nephrectomy 肾切除胃stomachgastrogastricgastritis 胃炎gastroenteritis 胃肠炎gastrectomy 胃切除肠intestinegutbowelenterointestinalenteritis 肠炎grastroenteritis 胃肠炎enterostomy 肠造口术食道/管eso

3、phagusesophagoesophagealesophagitis 食道炎esophagoscopy 食道镜esophagoplasty 食道成形术胆 （汁）gallbladderBile cholebiliarycholecystitis 胆囊炎cholecystectomy 胆囊切除cholelithiasis胆结石脾spleensplenosplenicsplenectomy 脾切除splenomegaly脾大胰pancreaspancreatopancreaticpancreatitis 胰腺炎pancreatectomy 胰腺切除pancreatopathy 胰腺病膀胱bladd

4、ercystcystocysticcystitis 膀胱炎cystectomy 膀胱切除cystography 膀胱造影（泌）尿UrineUrethraurourethroUrinaryurethralurology 泌尿病学transurethral 经尿道的urosurgery 泌尿外科直肠Anusrectumrectoanalrectalrectoscopy 直肠镜检查rectoplasty 直肠成形术 rectocolitis 直肠结肠炎结肠coloncolocolonalcolitis 结肠炎colorectoscopy 直肠结肠镜检查colostomy 结肠造口肌musclemyo

5、muscularmyocarditis 心肌炎myoloma 肌瘤myotonia 肌强直关节jointarthroarticulararthritis 关节炎osteoarthritis 骨关节炎arthropathy 关节病骨boneosteo bonyosteoplasty 骨整形osteogenesis 骨生长osteopathy 骨病髓marrowmyelmyeloma 骨髓瘤myelitis 骨髓炎myelopathy 骨髓病血bloodHematoHemo/ahematology 血液学 hematoma 血肿hemastasis 止血血管vesselvasoangiovascu

6、larcardiovascular accident (CVA) 心血管意外cerebrovascular 脑血管的vasopressin 血管加压素angiography 血管造影动脉artery arterioarterialarteriosclerosis 动脉硬化 静脉veinveno venousIntravenous 静脉内的神经nerveneuronervousneurosurgery 神经外科 neuron 神经元neuroma 神经瘤细胞cellcytocellularleukocyte 白细胞cytology 细胞学cytoma 细胞瘤眼eyeophthalmooculoo

7、cularvisualophthalmology 眼科学ophthalmitis 眼炎ophthalmalgia 眼痛 耳earaudioauditoryaudibleAudiometer 听力计Audiovisual 视听的audiosurgery 耳外科鼻noserhinonasonasalrhinorrhea鼻溢rhinopharyngeal 鼻咽的nasogastric 鼻胃的口mouthorooralorolingual 口舌的舌tonguelinguolingualsublingual 舌下的lingustics 语言学linguoplacement 舌向移位咽喉throatlar

8、yngopharyngolaryngealpharyngeallaryngectomy 喉切除laryngitis 喉炎pharyngitis 咽炎气管airwayair pipeair passagetracheatracheotrachealtracheostomy 气管插管tracheoscope 气管镜tracheoesophageal 气管食道的 Table 2 Examples of diseased states (部分病态术语)含义前/后缀示例病patho-pathypathogen 病原, pathology 病理学, nephropathy肾病, encephalopath

9、y脑病病态-osis/-asisneurosis 神经病, tuberculosis 肺结核 TB增多-osisleukocytosis 白细胞增多症减少-peniapancytopenia 全血细胞减少炎症 inflammation-itisarthritis 关节炎， hepatitis 肝炎肿块-omalymphoma 淋巴瘤，hematoma 血肿, carcinoma癌疼痛 pain-algia-algesiaanalgesia 止痛 analgesicsgastralgia血症-emialeukemia 白血病，septicemia 败血症, bacteremia菌血症 anemi

10、a麻痹-plegiahemiplegia 偏瘫，myoplegia 肌肉麻痹坏死necro-necrosishepatonecrosis肝坏死，necrospermia 精子坏死ovum sperm不良mal-malnutrition 营养不良，malfunction 功能障碍, malpractice医疗差错流出-rrheadiarrhea 腹泻，rhinorrhea 鼻溢, hypermenorrhea月经过多困难/障碍dysdysfunction 功能障碍， dyspepsia消化不良, dyspnea呼吸困难无aatypical 非典型的，asymptomatic无症状的, agran

11、ulocytosis 粒细胞减少症复合/多poly-polyuria 多尿，polyopia 复视巨-megalysplenomegaly 脾大，acromegaly 肢端肥大症, hepatomegaly 肝大结石litho-lithcholelithes 胆结石，lithiasis结石症Table 3 Examples of surgical terminology （部分外科术语）含义前/后缀示例切除-ectomygastrectomy, appendectomy, laryngectomy切开-tomytracheotomy, hysterotomy, craniotomy造口/吻合-

12、stomycolostomy, ileostomy 回肠造口, tracheostomy整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics, orthotherapy, orthosurgery造影-graphyangiography, nephrography, radiography经trans-transurethral, transcutaneous, transfusion成形-plastyosteoplasty, myoplasty, esophagoplastyTable 4 Examples of directions and positions (部分方向位置)含义普通前/后缀示例

13、上upper, superiorepi- , supra-epigastric 上腹部的，supraclavicular 锁骨上的下lower, inferiorinfra-, sub-subclavicular, 锁骨下的，subcostal肋下的, inferior vena cava下腔静脉前 front, anterior, priorfore-, ante, pre-, antero, forehead, 前额，anteroposterior 前后的/正位的后back, posterior, rear post-, retro-, postero-postprandial餐后的， r

14、etroperitoneal 腹膜后的内inner, internalIn-, intra, endo, ento-inhalation吸入， endoscope内窥镜, intracranial颅内的 外outer, externalex-, exo- extract 提取，excretion排泄, exocardial心外的侧lateral bilateral双侧的， unilateral单侧的, contralateral对侧的, isolateral同侧的 旁 / 副adjacent, appendix para-parathyroid 甲状旁腺， paracancer 癌旁 周per

15、ipheral, aroundperi-perioperative 围术的，perinatal围产的 间between inter-intercostal 肋间的，intercellular细胞间的中心central centro-, centri-centrifuge 离心， centronucleus中心核横向, 经.transversetrans-transfusion 输血， transcutaneous 经皮的Table 5 Examples of cells and colors （部分细胞与颜色）含义前/后缀示例色chromo / cromochromosome 染色体，crom

16、olyn 色苷酸钠红erythro erythrocyte, erythrocytosis白leukoleukocyte, leukemia, leukocytuira 黑melanomelanoma黑素瘤, melena 黑便青、蓝cyanocyanosis 紫绀, cyanemia 蓝血症 淋巴lymph lymphocyte, lymphoma粒granulogranulocyte, granulocytosis 成细胞blastfibroblast 成纤细胞网状reticuloreticulocyte 网状细胞嗜碱的basi, baso, alkalobasophil 嗜碱性粒细胞嗜酸

17、的eosino, acidoeosinocyte, eos(i)nophil嗜酸性粒细胞凝血的thrombothrombocyte 凝血细胞 （= 血小板platelet） Table 6 Examples of compounds (部分化合物)含义前/后缀示例（酸）盐-ate sulfate 硫酸盐, nitrate 硝酸盐, acetate 醋酸盐 醇-ol alcohol 酒精, taxol 紫杉醇, ethanol 乙醇, allopurinol 别嘌呤醇醛-al methylal甲缩醛, retinal视黄醛糖-saccharide, glyco-, gluco-, saccharo-glycogen糖原, glucose葡萄糖, saccharide糖, polysaccharide 多糖酮-one ketone 酮，acetone 丙酮, ketoacidosis酮酸中毒 酶-ase transaminase转氨酶, reductase还原酶素-inheparin 肝素, nuclein核素, erythromycin 红霉素 原-genantigen 抗原, collagen 胶原 苯基/酚phenol-phenol酚（石炭酸）, phenate 酚