中山大学 翻译学院 Of Envy

1、1 Week 2 Of Envy by Francis Bacon难度：一、结构总结1-2 开头-嫉妒的介绍1）何种人最易嫉人2）何种人最易受嫉;以及公妒与私妒有何分别3-9 招人嫉妒者1） 无德者必会嫉妒有道德的人2） 多事好问之人每善嫉3） 贵族中人对新进之人当其腾达之时常露嫉妒之情4） 残疾之人、宦官、老人与私生子均善妒5） 经过大祸与不幸而再起的人也富于嫉妒心6） 那些因其轻薄和自负而想在各方面都胜过他人者亦常嫉妒7） 近亲、同事、与同养之人，最容易在平辈腾达的时候嫉妒他们10-12 不易被人嫉妒者1） 首先，有大德者步入老年后较少遭人嫉妒2） 那些一直把自己的显赫与辛劳、焦虑或风险连

2、在一起的人较少成为嫉妒的对象13-14 总阶段落15-17 公妒和私妒1） 公妒优点2） 主要针对的人群18 总结2、 重点词汇清单（注：paraphrase简洁易懂即可）例如：para.1-5fascinate迷住 to attract or interest sb bewitch 迷住 to attract or impress sbvehement 强烈的 showing very strong feelingsinquisitive 好打听的 asking too many questions, especially about secret thingsmalevolence 恶意

3、having or showing a desire to harm other peoplecalamities 灾祸 an event that causes great damage para.6-10redemption 赎回；拯救the act of saving ; the act of redeeming levity 轻浮behavior that shows a lack of respect for sth seriousupbraid斥责 to criticize sb for they have done something wrongvile 卑劣 morally b

4、admalignant 恶意的 sb that is cruel and like to cause harmliberality 慷慨 the quality of being generouspara.11-18bemoan 诉苦express sorrow or dissatisfactioneminence 显赫；卓越 the quality of being famous and respectedinsolent 傲慢无礼的 extremely rude and showing a lack of respectperil 危机 serious dangerimportune纠缠t

5、o ask sb for sth many times and in a way that is annoying depraved 堕落的 morally bad3、 句子翻译 （注：连续的3-5句为一小段，找出考试比较可能考的小段）para.3A man that hath no virtue in himself, ever envieth virtue in others. For mens minds will either feed upon（滋养） their own good or upon others evil; and who wanteth（缺少） the one wi

6、ll prey upon（陷害） the other; and whoso is out of hope to attain to anothers virtue, will seek to come at even hand（求得平衡 ） by depressing anothers fortune.（翻译吧！）无德者必会嫉妒有道德的人。因为人的心灵如若不能从自身的优点中取得养料，就必定要找别人的缺点作为养料。而嫉妒者往往是自己既没有优点，又看不到别人的优点的，因此他只能用败坏别人幸福的办法来安慰自己。当一个人自身缺乏某种美德的时候，他就一定贬低别人的这种美德，以求实现两者的平衡。para.

7、4A man that is busy and inquisitive（好打听的） is commonly envious. For to know much of other mens matters cannot be because all that ado（无谓的忙乱） may concern his own estate; therefore it must needs be that he taketh a kind of play-pleasure（戏剧式的乐趣） in looking upon the fortunes of others. Neither can he tha

8、t mindeth but his own business find much matter for envy. For envy is a gadding（游荡的） passion, and walketh the streets, and doth not keep home: 嫉妒者必定是多问好事的。他们之所以特别关心别人，并非因为事情与他们的切身利害有关，而是为了通过发现别人的不愉快，来使自己得到一种赏心悦目的愉快。其实每一个埋头深入自己事业的人，是没有功夫去嫉妒别人的。因为嫉妒是一种四处游荡的情欲，能享有他的只能是闲人。para.6Deformed（畸形的） persons, an

9、d eunuchs（宦官）, and old men, and bastards（私生子）, are envious. For he that cannot possibly mend his own case will do what he can to impair（破坏） anothers; except these defects light upon a very brave and heroical nature, which thinketh to make his natural wants part of his honor; in that it should be sai

10、d, that an eunuch, or a lame man, did such great matters; affecting the honor of a miracle有某种难以克服的缺陷的人如残疾人、宦官、老年人或私生子，是容易嫉妒别人的。由于自己的缺陷无法补偿，因此需要损伤别人来求得补偿。只有当这种缺陷是落在一个具有伟大品格的人身上时才不会如此。那种品格能够让一种缺陷转化为光荣。负着残疾的耻辱，去完成一件大事业，使人们更加为之惊叹。para.7The same is the case of men that rise after calamities（灾祸） and misfo

11、rtunes. For they are as men fallen out with the times（时代的落伍者）; and think other mens harms a redemption（补偿）of their own sufferings.经历过巨大的灾祸和磨难的人，也容易产生嫉妒。因为他们是时代的落伍者，这种人乐于把别人的失败，看作对自己过去所历痛苦的抵偿。para.8They that desire to excel in too many matters, out of levity（轻浮） and vain glory（虚荣）, are ever envious.

12、For they cannot want work; it being impossible but many in some one of those things should surpass them. Which was the character of Adrian the Emperor; that mortally（非常） envied poets and painters and artificers, in works wherein he had a vein（擅长） to excel.那些因其轻薄和自负而想在各方面都胜过他人者亦常嫉妒，因为他们绝不会缺少嫉妒的对象，在他们

13、想争胜的诸多方面之某一方面，总会有许多人会胜过他们。罗马皇帝哈德良就是这种嫉妒者，他善诗画和工艺，因此他非常嫉妒真正的诗人、画家和技师。para.9Lastly, near kinsfolks(同族亲友), and fellows in office, and those that have been bred together, are more apt to envy their equals when they are raised. For it doth upbraid（苛责） unto them their own fortunes, and pointeth（指责） at the

14、m, and cometh oftener into their remembrance（回忆）, and incurreth（引起） likewise more into the note of others; and envy ever redoubleth from speech and fame. 最后，近亲、同事、与同养之人，最容易在平辈腾达的时候嫉妒他们。因为这些腾达的人们可说是以他们的幸福显出了同辈的不良;指责了他们。并且这些腾达的人们入同辈底记忆之中较繁，同样地，常惹他们注意;而嫉妒之心是由言谈及名声而倍增的。para.11Persons of noble blood are

15、less envied in their rising. For it seemeth but right done to their birth. Besides, there seemeth not much added to their fortune; and envy is as the sunbeams, that beat hotter upon a bank or steep rising ground, than upon a flat.出身贵族者在升迁时较少遭人嫉妒，因为那看上去无非是出身高贵的必然结果，再说这种锦上添花似乎也不会给他们带来更多的好处。且嫉妒犹如日光，它射在

16、陡坡峭壁上比射在平地上更使人感觉其热。para.13Notwithstanding（尽管）, so much is true, that the carriage of greatness in a plain and open manner (so it be without arrogancy and vain glory) doth draw less envy than if it be in a more crafty（狡诈）and cunning（狡猾的） fashion. For in that course a man doth but disavow（否认） fortune;

17、 and seemeth to be conscious of his own want in worth; and doth but teach others to envy him. 以直率坦荡的态度对待富资比用虚伪狡诈的态度更少遭人妒忌，只要那直率坦荡中没有傲慢与自负的成分；因为用后一种态度者无非是否认自己的幸运，而那会让人觉得他自己都感到他不配享受富贵，因此他恰好是教别人来嫉妒自己。para.17But this is a sure rule, that if the envy upon the minister be great, when the cause of it in hi

18、m is small; or if the envy be general in a manner upon all the ministers of an estate; then the envy (though hidden) is truly upon the state itself.但有一条千真万确的规律，那就是如果某位大臣并无甚过失却招来公众强烈的嫉妒，或是公众的嫉妒在某种程度上是针对一国之所有大臣，那嫉妒的矛头（虽隐而不露）实际上就是指向国家本身了。4、 简答题例：1. 哪些人容易被人嫉妒？A man that hath no virtue in himself, ever e

19、nvieth virtue in others. 无德者必会嫉妒有道德的人。A man that is busy and inquisitive（好打听的） is commonly envious. 嫉妒者必定是多问好事的。Men of noble birth are noted to be envious towards new men when they rise. 一个后起之秀是招人嫉妒的，尤其要受那些贵族元老的嫉妒。Deformed（畸形的） persons, and eunuchs（宦官）, and old men, and bastards（私生子）, are envious.有某种难以克服的缺陷的人如残疾人、宦官、老年人或私生子，是容易嫉妒别人的。The same is the case of men that rise after calamities（灾祸） and misfortunes. 经历过巨大的灾祸和磨难的人，也容易产生嫉妒。They that desire to excel in too many matters, out of levity（轻浮） and vain glory（虚荣）, are ever envious.那些因其轻薄和自负而想在各方面都胜过他人者亦常嫉妒near kinsfolks, and fellows in