2010年高考英语语法辅导课件-非谓语动词

1、非谓语动词TheNon-predicativeVerbs,高考语法复习,I.非谓语动词时态、语态形式对照表：,2.非谓语动词在句中可作的语法成份,1.非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.,1.Toseeyouisglad.=Itsgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.Imgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou,（作主语）,(作宾语）,（作宾补）,(作表语

2、）,（作定语）,（作原因状语）,（作目的状语）,（作结果状语）,1.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.2.Heenjoysswimming.3.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.4.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.5.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.6.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.,(作主语）,(作宾语）,(作宾补）,(作表语）,(作定语）,(作状语）,1.Thiscupisbroken.2.Thisisabrokencup.3.Ifoundthecupb

3、roken.4.BrokenbyTom,thecupcantbeused.过去分词一般不作主语、宾语.,(作表语,(作定语）,(作宾语补足语）,(作状语）,3.分词的用法比较A.在时态上1.Chinaisadevelopingcountry=acountrywhichisdeveloping.2.Japanisadevelopedcountry=acountrywhichhasdeveloped.3.Ifoundhimgone.=thathehadgone.(表完成）,ing分词表“进行”ed分词表“完成”,B.在语态上，ing分词表“主动”，ed分词表“被动”（多为及物动词）,1.Isawh

4、imwritingashortnovel.=thathewaswritingashortnovel.2.HewasreadinganovelwrittenbyCharlesDickens.=whichwaswrittenbyCharlesDichens.在概念上，ing.表“抽象、习惯”,不定式表“具体、偶然、将来”.*Swimming(抽象）ismyfavouritesportandIlikeswimming(习惯）everyday,butIdontliketoswim(具体）today,Iwouldliketoswim(将来）tomorrow.,C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，只能用作状

5、语.,Theplatformhavingbeenbuiltwillbeusedtoperformon.1.Theplatformbuiltwillbeusedtoperformon.Theplatformwhichhasbeenbuiltwillbeusedtoperformon.2.Havinggivenheropinionaboutthebuilding,sheleftthemeeting.Havingbeenusedforalongtime,thecomputerneedsrepairing.,作定语,作状语,D.ed+主句（不强调时间先后）;Beinged+主句（强调主句和从句动作同时

6、发生）;Havingbeened+主句（强调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用ed一般式来代替.,1.UsedasameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.WritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread2.Beingusedbymenow,thebikecantbelenttoyou.3.Havingbeenusedformanyyears,thebikeneedsrepairing.Havingbeentoldseveraltimes,可以写成=Toldseveraltimes,hecouldnt,understa

7、ndwhatImeant.,4.非谓语动词的用法区别不定式和动名词作宾语的区别：,.下列动词常用不定式作宾语：aim,ask,dare,appear,arrange,demand,help,hesitate,pay,plan,wait,fail,seek,prepare,happen,mean,prove,expect,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree,choose,promise,pretend,manage,care,determine,afford等。如：Heofferedtohelpus.Ididntexpecttofindyouher

8、eTheyrefusedtoaccepthisinvitationThelittleboypretendedtobeasleepwhenhismothercamein,(2)下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语：,admit,report,appreciate,deny,explain,mention,resist,stand,stop,imagine,recall,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,advise等。如：1）Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?

9、2）Thegirlwastoldtopractiseplayingthepianoforthreehourseveryday3）Goodnewskeepscoming.Tinasuggestedspendingtheweekendonherfarm,(3)下列动词接不定式与接ing形式意义相近：,like，love,hate,dislike,begin,start,prefer，continue,intend，attempt等.e.g：Iprefermaking(tomake)anoutlinebeforeIdomyoralcompositionWealllikeplaying(toplay)

10、tabletennis但也有细微区别：*指具体某次的行为常用不定式，指惯常的行为常用ing形式.如：Ilikereadingbooksofthiskind(惯常行为)Ihatetosayso，butreallyIcantgowithyou(具体某次行为),Iprefertostayathometoday(具体某次行为)Hepreferswalkingtocycling(惯常行为)*一般说来，不能用于进行时的动词如：realize，know，understand，see，lose等，多用不定式如：IbegantorealizeIhadbeenwrong.Wehatetolosethechance

11、.Nowwearebeginningtoseeitmoreclearly.,(4)下列动词接不定式与接ing形式意义不同：,stoptodo停下(正在做的事)去做另一件事/stopdoing停下正在做的事e.g.：Seeinganoldmancarryingabigbag,IstoppedtohelphimHearingthebell,thestudentsstoppedplayingandranintotheclassroomforgettodo忘记做某事(此事未做)/forgetdoing忘记曾做过某事(此事已做)Heforgottoposttheletterwhenhewalkedpas

12、tthepostofficeIllneverforgetseeinghimforthefirsttime,remembertodo记得要做某事(此事未做)/rememberdoing记得某事已做过(此事已做)e.g.：IrememberseeingheroncesomewhereYoumustremembertotakeyourumbrellawhenyouleavehomegoontodo继续做另一件事goondoing接着做同一件事e.g.：Shestoodupandshookhandswithme,andthenshewentonwritingsomethingAfterIfinishe

13、dmyhomework,1wentontoreadthenoveltrytodo企图想做某事trydoing试着做某事(看看有什么后果发生)e.g.：Wetriedtopersuadehimtogowithus,buthewouldntlistenLetstrydoingtheworksomeotherway.,meantodo(意思是)打算做某事meandoing意味着做某事e.g.：RevolutionmeanslibratingtheproductiveforceSorry,Ididntmeantohurtyouregrettodo遗憾地做某事(通常后接say,tell等动词)/regr

14、etdoing后悔做了某事e.g.：IregrettotellthatyoudidntpasstheexamagainHeregrettedhavingtoldherthebadnewscanthelpdoing禁不住做canthelptodo不能帮忙做Hearingthenews,hecanthelpjumping.Sorry,Icanthelptorepairyourbikethisafternoon.,(5)动词如：(permit,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider，advise等)，后可接不定式作宾补。,e.g.：Thedoctoradvisedme

15、nottogotobedtoolate.PleasepermitmetointroducemyselftoyoufirstYousurelycantconsiderhimtobeaselfishmanMyparentsforbidmetostayoutaftermid-nightIallowedthechildrentoplayinmyroomforanotherfiveminutes.Weareconsideringhowtogothere.(consider可接疑问词+不定式作宾语。）,*注意：*在imagineconsider后通常用“tobe”作宾语补足语。tobe有时可省略。e.g.

16、：Youdbetterimagineyourself(tobe)inhisplaceThesituationwasconsidered(tobe)prettygood*在consider后，作宾补不定式主要是tobe，行为动词todo则多用tohavedone形式。如:Weallconsideredhimtohavetoldalie.,advisepermitallowadmitforbidimagineconsiderdoingsth.e.g.：ThelittleboyadmittedhavingbrokentheglassTheyshouldntallowparkinginthestree

17、t;itstoonarrow.Canyouimaginemybeingsostupid?IforbidsmokinginmyhouseWedonotpermitsmokingintheoffice,即时巩固练习用所给动词的todo或doing形式填空：,1)LittleTomregretted_(waste)somuchtimeplayingcomputergames.2)Theywereexpecting_(get)theresultsoftheexamination.3)Willyouadvisemewhichofthem_(buy)?4)Onthebustheyoungmanpreten

18、ded_(notsee)theoldwomanstandingbesidehim.,havingwasted,toget,tobuy,nottosee,5)WeallconsiderJohn_(be)anhonestboy.6)Ourbossforbids_(chat)duringofficehours.7)Therulesdonotpermitplayers_(step)outofbounds.8)Theboybeggedtopermithim_(explain).9)Theyoungmanimagined_(live)onalonelyisland.10)Itwasuselesstofor

19、bidchildren_(play)here.,toplay,living,toexplain,tostep,chatting,tobe,注意-ing分词作表语与现在进行时的区别。如：Hisviewisveryalarming(-ing分词作表语表示主语的性质)Whathelikestodoisstayingathomealoneandreading.(-ing分词作表语表示的是某一件事情)HeiswatchingthefootballgameonTV.(现在进行时表示某动作在进行)*过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别。如：Mybikeisbroken.(broken形容词作表语，表示“状态”)。

20、MybikewasbrokenbyJim(动词过去分词构成被动语态，表示“动作”),(3)还要注意现在分词和过去分词作表语在意义上的区别。,*过去分词作表语表示人的感觉，主语通常是人。现在分词作表语表示事物本身的特点，主语通常是事物。如：IminterestedinEnglish(我的感觉，觉得有趣.Thefilmisinteresting(电影本身的特点是使人有趣.)类似情况还有：surprisingsurprised,excitingexcited,tiringtired,disappointingdisappointed,encouragingencouraged，interesting

21、interested，amazedamazing,boredboring,pleasingpleased,astonishingastonished.,即时巩固练习,用所给动词的todo或doing形式填空：1)Thejourneywasquite_(tire)2)Thestoryisvery_Weare_init(interest)3、Theresultoftheexammademe_(disappoint)4)Thiswasreallyan_moment(excite)5)The_boycouldntbelievehisears(astonish),tiring,interested,di

22、sappointed,exciting,astonished,interesting,即时巩固练习,6)Itwasa_storyWedidntwanttolistenagain(bore)7)Heseemedquite_attheidea(delight)8)Theproblemwasquite_(press)9)Thepresentsituationis_(encourage)10)Iwas_atwhatshesaid(puzzle),boring,delighted,pressing,encouraging,puzzled,5)不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补的区别：,*现在分词作宾补和宾

23、语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作在进行。如：Isawhimfallingoffhisbikejustatthatmoment(看到他时他正从自行车上掉下来。)Hefoundhimselflyingonthegroundwhenhecametohimself(他苏醒过来时正躺在地上。)*不定式作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作的过程。如：Isawhimfalloffhisbikeandhurthisleftleg,(看到他从自行车上掉下来，并且摔伤了腿。动作有先后，是全过程。)Theyweremadetoworkdayandnight(他们被迫日夜干活，天天如此，不是某个时刻正在干活。)*过

24、去分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有被动关系。如：Iheardmynamecalledbysomeone(我的名字被叫，myname和called是被动关系。)Ifeltagreatweighttakenoffmymind.(重担被卸下来了，agreatweight和takenoff是被动关系。),即时巩固练习,用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)Imeanttobuyaneveningpaper,butIdidntseeanyone_(sell)them.2)Iknowthat_(be)afact.3)Pauldoesnthavetobemade_(learn).Healwaysworkhard.4)Th

25、epatientwaswarned_(noteat)aftertheexamine.5)JustnowIsawaman_(walk)inthestreet,withalittlegirl_(seat)onhisshoulder,selling,tobe,tolearn,nottoeat,walking,seated,6)Theladylovedtohaveherluggage_(weigh).7)Whodidtheteacherhave_(clean)theblackboardjustnow?8)Businessesarebeginning_(develop)newmethodsofreach

26、ingcustomers.9)Thethiefwascaught_(steal)goodsinthesupermarketagain10)-WhathappenedtoMr.Whiteearlythismorning?-Oh，hewasseen_(knock)downandthedriver_(drive)away,weighed,clean,todevelop,stealing,knocked,drove,4)不定式、分词和动名词作定语的区别：,(1)动词不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词后面。如：IhavesomethingimportanttotellyouThepoorchildrenh

27、adlittletoeat它和被修饰的名词有时有动宾，主谓等关系。如：HewasthefirstmantodothejobIdliketogetsomethingtodrinkThereisnotimetogothere.,如果这这个作定语的不定式是一个不及物动词，注意不可忽略不定式短语中的副词或介词。如：Ineedapentowritewith(可看成：towritewiththepen)Shenowhasnothingtoworryabout(可看成：toworryaboutnothing),(2)现在分词和动名词作定语的区别,*现在分词和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。单个分词作定语放在

28、被修饰的名词的前面，分词短语放在被修饰的名词的后面。如：Afishingboywasseensittingattheendoftheboat.(afishingboy=aboywhowasfishing)Thesoldierridingahorsewasmybrother(thesoldierridingahorse=thesoldierwhowasridingahorse)*动名词用来说明用途，和被修饰的名词在逻辑上无主谓关系。动名词作定语只能放在被修饰的名词的前面。如：Therewasonlyonefishingboatontheriver(afishingboat=aboatusedfo

29、rfishing)Theoldmanneedsawalkingstickwhenhegoesout(awalkingstick=astickusedforwalking),(3)不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语有时在时态上有区别：,*不定式作定语表示将来的动作。如：Thebridgetobebuiltnextmonthisthethirdbridgeacrosstheriver*现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。如：Thebridgebeingbuiltnowisthethirdbridgeacrosstheriver*过去分词作定语表示已完成的动作。如：Thebridgebuiltlasty

30、earisthethirdbridgeacrosstheriver,即时巩固练习,用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)Theman_(question)inthepolicestationnowisaspy2)Aman_(respect)otherswillberespected3)shecanfindnoone_(make)friendswith4)Isthereanybody_(answer)thequestion?5)Halfoftheguests_(invite)totheconferencewereforeigners.,beingquestioned,respecting,tomake,

31、toanswer,invited,6)Shewouldbethebest_(agree)theopinion7)Thematter_(discuss)isveryimportant8)Thatistheway_(operate)themachine9)Shewasthenaprofessor_(love)byallherstudents10)Withmuchmoney_(spend)，theboyformedabadhabit,toagree,beingdiscussed,tooperate,loved,tospend,6)不定式和现在分词作状语的区别：不定式作状语表示：原因，结果，目的；分词

32、作状语表示：原因，结果，时间，伴随情况,(1)不定式和分词表示原因时的区别：*不定式表示原因通常跟在某些表示感情的形容词后，用来说明产生这种感情的原因。如：Iwassoexcitedtohearthenews(不定式tohearthenews表示激动的原因。)Weweresurprisedtoseesuchgreatchangesinthatvillage(不定式toseesuchgreatchangesinthatvillage表示惊讶的原因。)*分词表示原因时，它相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Beingamonitor,shetakesleadineverything(Beingamonit

33、or=Asshewasamonitor)KnowingsomeEnglish,heofferedtobeaninterviewerforus.(KnowingsomeEnglish=AsheknewsomeEnglish),(2)不定式和分词表示结果时的区别：*不定式表示结果，含有没有预料到的情况的意味。如：Igotuponlytofinditwasrainingoutside(起来时没有料到在下雨。)Hewastooexcitedtosayaword(太激动了说不出话，是没有预料到的情况。)*分词表示结果包含着一种必然发生的情况。如：Hisparentsdied，leavinghimalot

34、ofmoney(父母去世，钱留给儿子。这是自然的事。)Theoutputofirondecreasedby23lastyear,reaching80，000tons(产量下降，到了80，000吨，这是必然结果。),即时巩固练习,用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)-Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled?-_(select)newofficers2)_(get)backmystory,herefusedtheinvitation3)Thebeautifulgirltriedtokillherselfonly_(save)4)When_(face)withastrongenemy

35、,theyhadalwaysretreated5)_(wear)outafteralongwalk,Henrycalledandsaidhecouldntcome,Toselect,Toget,tobesaved,faced,Worn,6)Hewassaidtohaverefusedagiftfromher,_(know)thatitmeantabribe.7)Thepresidentexpressedhissatisfactionwiththeco-operation,_(add)thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere8)Thepresidentpromisedtokeepa

36、lltheboardmembers_(inform)ofhowthenegotiationsweregoingon9)_(allow)todevelophistalent,hecouldbecomeanexcellentartist10)_(invite)togotocamping,Paulorderedanewsleepingbag,knowing,adding,informed,Havingbeenallowed,Havingbeeninvited,4使用非谓语动词的注意事项：,1)动词不定式可以和疑问代词或副词when，what,where,why,who,whom,which,how一

37、起构成不定式短语，但不说whytodo(Whynotdo?，它表达一种建议，和此部分所说的todo无关。)“疑问代词或副词+todo”的作用相当于一个名词性从句。如：Myteacherdidnttellmewhattodonext(=whatIshoulddonext)Hesaidheknewhowtodoit(=howheshoulddoit)ThisisthefirsttimeIhavecometothisdryIdontknowwhichwaytogo(=whichwayIshouldgo),4使用非谓语动词的注意事项：,2)形式主语和形式宾语*形式主语：当作主语的不定式或动名词短语过长

38、，谓语部分太短，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放到后面，以保持句子的平衡。如：ItiseasytoworkoutthisproblemItismydutytohelpthepeoplewhoareintrouble*形式宾语：当作宾语的不定式或动名词短语过长，宾补部分太短，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到宾补后面，亦为保持句子的平衡。如:IfounditeasytoanswerthisquestionWethinkitnogoodgivinglittlechildrentoomuchmoney,3)不定式符号的省略,(1)两个不定式并列时，后一个常省去to。Itoldhertosta

39、yandwaitformetocomeback但表示对比关系时，要带to。Hehasntdecidedtostayatschoolortogohome.(2)在下列句型中不定式符号to常省去。*Whynotdo?*wouldratherdothando*Youdbetterdo.*donothingbutdo/havenothingtodobutdo(3)简短回答中的不定式符号to后的动词常省去，有时to亦省去。-Wouldyouliketohavedinnerwithus?-Idloveto.,(4)有些动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to。这些动词是：see,watch,notice，lo

40、okat，hear,listento,feel，make，have,et等感官动词和使役动词。这些动词如果用于被动语态，后面的不定式要带to。HisfathermadehimwritetwentymoresentencesHewasmadetowritetwentymoresentencesbyhisfatherhelp后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to。也可以不带to。Ioftenhelp(to)dohouseworkathome(5)被省略的不定式是作助动词用的have或be时，要保留这些助动词。Heisnotwhatheusedtobe-Didhetellyoutoattendtheme

41、eting?-No，Ioughttohavebeen,4)分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调。Whenheated,icecanbechangedintowaterThoughtired,Iwentonwiththework.Whilewalkinginthestreet,Isawaroadaccident5)分词表伴随情况，其动作和谓语动作须同时发生。Ihadtostayinthehotel，waitingforthecartocomeTheystoodthere,listeningtothebroadcast但是如果是连续的有先后的几个动作，就不能用分词表伴随情况。Hefinishedh

42、isworkquickly,thenwenttothekitchenandbegantocooksupperTheboyfelloffthetreeandbrokehisleftleg.,6)不定式、分词和动名词的时态和语态：(1)不定式-tohavedone，tobedone，tohavebeendone现在分词-havingdone,beingdone，havingbeendone过去分词只有一种形式-done.(2)在plan,hope,expect,would(should)like,mean等动词后的不定式的完成时表示没有实现的行为。Ihopedtohaveseenher(ButId

43、idntseeher)Theyexpectedtohavefoundhiminthecave(Buttheyfailedtofindhim),7)不定式，现在分词和动名词的逻辑主语：,(1)不定式的逻辑主语：-forofsb+todosth如：ItsimpossibleforhimtomovesuchabigstoneThequestionistoohardforalittlechildtoanswer*但表示性质的adj(good，nice,kind,rude,polite,impolite,clever,wise,stupid,silly,foolish,right,wrong)等而用介词

44、of。ItscleverofhimtodosoItspoliteofyoutomakeroomfortheoldman(2)动名词的逻辑主语：-sbs+doing如：LittleFranzsbeinglateagainfortheschoolmadetheteacherveryangry.*但动名词作宾语时逻辑主语可用普通格或人称代词的宾格，逻辑主语用普通格。Isuggestedhim(his)goingtherebytaxi.DidyouenjoyZhoujielunsingingattheconcert?,(3)现在分词的逻辑主语：一分词的独立结构当分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者不一致

45、时，分词前必须有自己的主语，称为分词的独立结构。Weatherpermitting,wellhaveafieldtriptomorrowMotherbeingin，Ihadtostayathometolookafterher*但有些分词作状语属习惯用法，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语可以不一致。如：Judgingfromtheexpressiononhisface,hehadfailedthedrivingtestagainGenerallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.,8)注意以下几种情况不定式的用法,*在thefirst,thesecond，the

46、last和only之后，只能用todo。如：Hewasthelasttoleavetheclassroom*如果understand，realize,know用在begin,start,attempt,intend后，只能用todo。如：Ibegantounderstandthetruth*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用nottodo,而用inordernottodo或soasnottodo。如：()Inordernottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow()Nottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewind

47、ow()Hecameintotheroomthroughthewindowsoasnottobeseen*soastodo一般不放在句首。()Hegetupatfivethismorningsoastocatchtheearlybus(X)Soastocatchtheearlybus，hegotupatfivethismorning,9)非谓语动词的常用句型,*Ittakes+时间+todo*spendwaste+时间，金钱+doing*hadbetter+do*wouldrather+dothando*prefer+tododoing*Itsnousegood+doing*Itsawaste

48、oftime+doing*beworth+doingbeworthyof+beingdone,非谓语动词的常用句型,*Itsworthwhile+doing*Wouldyoumind+doing.?*Wouldyoulike/care+todo.?*.havenochoicebut+todo./.,donothingbut+do*.too.+todo*.need/want/require+doing*.beusedto+doing(习惯做)*.havesb+do/havesb(sth)+doinghavesth+done*.happened+todo,即时巩固练习,用所给动词的正确形式填空：1

49、)Thefluisbelieved_(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.2)Whenfirst_(introduce)themarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.3)Helenhadtoshout_(make)herself_(hear)abovethesoundofthemusic.4)When_(compare)withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.5)Y

50、ouweresillynot_(lock)yourcar.,tobecaused,introduced,tomake,heard,compared,tohavelocked,6)Victorapologizedhis_(notbe)abletoinformmeofthechangeintheplan.7)Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,_(exhaust).8)Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief_(catch).9)Generally_(speak),When_(take)accor

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52、teachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,_reduceunemploymentpressures.AhelpBtohaveCtohelpDhavinghelped2(09全国)Thechildrenallturned_thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.AlookedatBtolookatCtolookingatDlookat,C,B,3(09山东，22)Weareinvitedtoaparty_inourclubnextFriday.AtobeheldBheldCbeingheldDholding4(09辽宁，27)_,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.ABeingawinnerBTobeawinnerCBeawinnerDHavingbeenawinner5.(09安徽，28)Theplay_nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.AproducedBbeingproducedCtobeproduced