2025年英语翻译资格考试笔译模拟试卷：医学英语翻译难点解析试题

2025年英语翻译资格考试笔译模拟试卷：医学英语翻译难点解析试题考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______一、医学英语专业词汇翻译要求：将下列医学英语专业词汇翻译成中文。1.hemodynamics2.thrombosis3.myocardialinfarction4.antibiotic5.immunosuppression6.osteoporosis7.dyspnea8.hypertension9.anemia10.diabetesmellitus二、医学英语长句翻译要求：将下列医学英语长句翻译成中文。1.Thepatientpresentswithahistoryofprogressiveshortnessofbreathoverthepastfewmonths,whichhasbeenworseningrecently.2.Itisessentialtocloselymonitorthepatient'svitalsignsandlaboratoryvaluestodetectanysignsofinfectionordeteriorationinthepatient'scondition.3.Thepatientwasadmittedtothehospitalwithadiagnosisofchronickidneydisease,stage3,andiscurrentlyondialysistreatment.4.Thepatient'ssymptomsofchroniccoughandsputumproductionhavebeenpresentforseveralyearsandhavebeengraduallyworsening.5.Thepatient'sfamilyhistoryissignificantforastrongpredispositiontocoronaryarterydisease,andhehasbeenadvisedtoundergoregularcardiacscreening.6.Thepatientwasreferredtothehospitalwithachiefcomplaintofchestpain,whichwasdescribedasasharp,piercingsensationlocatedinthecenterofthechest.7.Thepatienthasahistoryofallergicrhinitisandasthma,whichhavebeenwell-controlledwithmedication.8.Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithend-stagerenaldiseaseandiscurrentlyreceivinghemodialysistreatmentthreetimesaweek.9.Thepatientwasadmittedtotheemergencydepartmentwithasuddenonsetofsevereheadache,nausea,andvomiting,whichpromptedimmediateevaluation.10.Thepatienthasahistoryofchronicobstructivepulmonarydiseaseandisexperiencingincreasingshortnessofbreath,whichisexacerbatedbyexposuretocoldair.四、医学英语句子结构分析要求：分析下列医学英语句子结构，并指出主语、谓语、宾语和定语等成分。1.Thepatient'ssymptomsofchroniccoughandsputumproductionhavebeenpresentforseveralyearsandhavebeengraduallyworsening.2.Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithend-stagerenaldiseaseandiscurrentlyondialysistreatment.3.Thepatientwasadmittedtothehospitalwithachiefcomplaintofchestpain,whichwasdescribedasasharp,piercingsensationlocatedinthecenterofthechest.4.Thepatient'sfamilyhistoryissignificantforastrongpredispositiontocoronaryarterydisease,andhehasbeenadvisedtoundergoregularcardiacscreening.5.Thepatienthasahistoryofallergicrhinitisandasthma,whichhavebeenwell-controlledwithmedication.6.Thepatient'svitalsignswerestable,withabloodpressureof120/80mmHg,aheartrateof72beatsperminute,andarespiratoryrateof16breathsperminute.7.Thepatientwasreferredtothehospitalwithasuddenonsetofsevereheadache,nausea,andvomiting,whichpromptedimmediateevaluation.8.Thepatient'sphysicalexaminationrevealedalarge,painfullumpontherightsideoftheneck,whichwasindicativeofathyroidnodule.9.Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithtype2diabetesmellitus,anddietarymodificationsandexercisewererecommendedaspartofthetreatmentplan.10.Thepatientwasadvisedtoavoidexposuretosecondhandsmoke,asithasbeenshowntoexacerbaterespiratorysymptomsinindividualswithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease.五、医学英语翻译技巧应用要求：根据所学医学英语翻译技巧，将下列句子翻译成中文，并说明所应用的翻译技巧。1.Thepatienthasahistoryofhypertension,whichhasbeenwell-controlledwithantihypertensivemedication.翻译：患者有高血压病史，经过抗高血压药物治疗，血压得到良好控制。翻译技巧：直译2.Thepatientwasfoundtohaveasignificantelevationinliverenzymesduringtheinitialworkup.翻译：在初步检查中，发现患者的肝酶水平显著升高。翻译技巧：转换法3.Thepatient'sconditionhasbeenrefractorytotreatment,necessitatingamoreaggressiveapproach.翻译：患者的病情对治疗不敏感，需要采取更为激进的方法。翻译技巧：增译法4.Thepatientwasdischargedfromthehospitalwithinstructionstofollowupwithaprimarycarephysicianforfurtherevaluation.翻译：患者出院时，医生指示患者随访初级保健医师以进行进一步评估。翻译技巧：省译法5.Thepatient'ssymptomsresolvedfollowingtheadministrationofintravenousantibiotics.翻译：患者在接受静脉注射抗生素治疗后，症状得到缓解。翻译技巧：直译6.Thepatientwasadmittedwithachiefcomplaintofpalpitations,whichwereattributedtoanxiety.翻译：患者因心悸入院，心悸被归因于焦虑。翻译技巧：直译7.Thepatient'slaboratorytestswereunremarkable,withtheexceptionofanelevatedbloodglucoselevel.翻译：患者的实验室检查结果无异常，除了血糖水平升高。翻译技巧：直译8.Thepatient'sconditionimprovedsignificantlyfollowingtheadministrationofcorticosteroids.翻译：患者在接受皮质类固醇治疗后，病情显著改善。翻译技巧：直译9.Thepatientwasadvisedtoavoidhigh-sodiumfoods,asthismaycontributetothedevelopmentofhypertension.翻译：医生建议患者避免高钠食物，因为这可能导致高血压的发展。翻译技巧：直译10.Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithapulmonaryembolismandwasstartedonanticoagulanttherapyimmediately.翻译：患者被诊断为肺栓塞，并立即开始抗凝治疗。翻译技巧：直译本次试卷答案如下：一、医学英语专业词汇翻译1.血液动力学2.血栓形成3.心肌梗死4.抗生素5.免疫抑制6.骨质疏松症7.呼吸困难8.高血压9.贫血10.糖尿病二、医学英语长句翻译1.患者在过去几个月内出现进行性呼吸困难，最近症状有所加重。2.严密监测患者的生命体征和实验室指标，以检测任何感染或病情恶化的迹象至关重要。3.患者因慢性肾脏病3期入院，目前正在接受透析治疗。4.患者的慢性咳嗽和痰液产生症状已存在数年，且逐渐加重。5.患者的家族史显示有冠状动脉疾病的高度易感性，并被建议进行定期的心脏筛查。6.患者主诉胸痛，描述为位于胸中心部的尖锐、刺痛感。7.患者有过敏性鼻炎和哮喘病史，这些症状通过药物治疗得到了良好控制。8.患者因终末期肾病入院，目前正在接受每周三次的透析治疗。9.患者因突发剧烈头痛、恶心和呕吐入院，这促使立即进行评估。10.患者有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的病史，且在接触冷空气时呼吸困难加重。四、医学英语句子结构分析1.主语：Thepatient'ssymptomsofchroniccoughandsputumproduction；谓语：havebeenpresent；宾语：forseveralyearsandhavebeengraduallyworsening；定语：ofchroniccoughandsputumproduction2.主语：Thepatient；谓语：wasdiagnosed；宾语：withend-stagerenaldisease；定语：withend-stagerenaldisease3.主语：Thepatient；谓语：wasadmitted；宾语：tothehospital；定语：withachiefcomplaintofchestpain4.主语：Thepatient'sfamilyhistory；谓语：issignificant；宾语：forastrongpredispositiontocoronaryarterydisease；定语：forastrongpredispositiontocoronaryarterydisease5.主语：Thepatient；谓语：hasahistory；宾语：ofallergicrhinitisandasthma；定语：ofallergicrhinitisandasthma6.主语：Thepatient'svitalsigns；谓语：werestable；宾语：withabloodpressureof120/80mmHg,aheartrateof72beatsperminute,andarespiratoryrateof16breathsperminute；定语：withabloodpressureof120/80mmHg,aheartrateof72beatsperminute,andarespiratoryrateof16breathsperminute7.主语：Thepatient；谓语：wasreferred；宾语：tothehospital；定语：withasuddenonsetofsevereheadache,nausea,andvomiting8.主语：Thepatient'sphysicalexamination；谓语：revealed；宾语：alarge,painfullumpontherightsideoftheneck；定语：alarge,painfullumpontherightsideoftheneck9.主语：Thepatient；谓语：wasdiagnosed；宾语：withtype2diabetesmellitus；定语：withtype2diabetesmellitus10.主语：Thepatient；谓语：wasadvised；宾语：toavoidexposuretosecondhandsmoke；定语：toavoidexposuretosecondhandsmoke五、医学英语翻译技巧应用1.翻译：患者有高血压病史，经过抗高血压药物治疗，血压得到良好控制。翻译技巧：直译解析：直译是将原文直接翻译成目标语言，不改变原文的结构和意义。此处将“historyofhypertension”直译为“高血压病史”。2.翻译：在初步检查中，发现患者的肝酶水平显著升高。翻译技巧：转换法解析：转换法是将原文中的某些成分或结构转换成目标语言中相应的成分或结构。此处将“elevationinliverenzymes”转换成“肝酶水平升高”。3.翻译：患者的病情对治疗不敏感，需要采取更为激进的方法。翻译技巧：增译法解析：增译法是在翻译过程中增加一些词汇或短语，以使译文更加通顺和符合目标语言的表达习惯。此处增加“需要”以使句子更加完整。4.翻译：患者出院时，医生指示患者随访初级保健医师以进行进一步评估。翻译技巧：省译法解析：省译法是在翻译过程中省略一些不必要的词汇或短语，以使译文更加简洁。此处省略“withinstructions”以使句子更加简洁。5.翻译：患者在接受静脉注射抗生素治疗后，症状得到缓解。翻译技巧：直译解析：直译是将原文直接翻译成目标语言，不改变原文的结构和意义。此处将“followingtheadmin