项目铁路货物运输过程任务货物发送作业课件

项目3铁路货物运输过程

任务1货物发送作业

陈斌ChenBinTask1:FreightDeliveryOperationProject

3:

RailwayFreightTransportProcess对货物装载重量的要求充分利用货车载重力，但不得超过货车容许载重量货车容许载重量由三个部分组成：1）标重（P标，货车标记载重量）货物的装车作业的基本要求：应做到安全、迅速、满载，遵守装载加固技术条件Basicrequirementoffreightloadingoperation:itshallbesafe,fastandfullyloaded,andcomplywiththetechnicalconditionsforloadingandreinforcement装车作业的基本要求BasicrequirementofloadingoperationFreightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointVRequirementsforfreightloadingweightMakefulluseoftheloadcapacityofwagonsbutshallnotexceedtheallowableloadcapacityofwagons.Thepermissibleloadcapacityofawagonconsistsofthreecomponents.Markerweight(Pmarker,wagonmarkedload)车种车型载重（t）容积（m3）车体尺寸（mm）构造特点内长内宽内高棚车P62NKP62NT601201549028202679车顶:外钢内木端、侧墙:全钢铁地板P62KP62T601371549028202679车顶:外钢内木端、侧墙:全钢铁地板P63P63K601371572227502900外钢内木，木地板P64TP64K581161546627962682外钢内竹，竹地板P65401351546227902855外钢内竹，竹地板VehicletypevehiclemodelLoadVolumeInnerlengthInnerwidthInnerheightBodysizeConstructionalfeaturesRoof:steelexteriorandwoodinterior,sidewalls:allsteelfloorRoof:steelexteriorandwoodinterior,sidewalls:allsteelfloorsteelexteriorandwoodinterior,woodenfloorsteelexteriorandbamboointerior,bamboofloorsteelexteriorandbamboointerior,bamboofloorBoxwagonFreightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV装车作业的基本要求Basicrequirementofloadingoperation多装量（P特，特定情况可以多装的量）由于货物包装、防护物重量影响货物净重，或机械装载不易计算件数的货物装车后减吨确有困难时，可以多装，但不得超过货车标记载重量的2％（危险货物运输除外）Overfillquantity(Pspecial,theamountthatcanbeoverfilledinagivencase)Iftheweightoffreightpackagingandprotectivematerialsaffectsthenetweightoffreight,oritisreallydifficulttoreducetheweightoffreightloadedwithmachinerythatisdifficulttocalculatethethenumberofpieces,itisallowedtoloadmorefreight,butnotmorethan2%ofthemarkedloadweightofthewagon(exceptforthetransportationofdangerousfreight)Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV装车作业的基本要求Basicrequirementofloadingoperation增载量（P增，按《加规》和文电规定增载）为做好货车满载工作，防止货车超载，确保铁路运输安全，依据《铁路货物装载加固规则》和铁道部关于货车增载相关规定，针对执行过程中出现的问题，现将有关增载事项进一步明确如下：Incrementalload(Pincrease,asperIncrementalProvisionsandotherprovisions)Inordertoensurethefullloadofwagon,preventoverloadingofwagonandensurethesafetyofrailwaytransportation,inaccordancewiththeRulesforReinforcementofRailwayFreightLoadingandtherelevantprovisionsoftheMinistryofRailwaysonwagonloading,andinviewoftheproblemsoccurredintheimplementationprocess,therelevantissuesonincrementalloadingarefurtherclarifiedasfollows:Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV装车作业的基本要求Basicrequirementofloadingoperation增载货车车型适于增载货物品类1C62BK、C62BT、C64A、C64H、C64K、C64T型敞车《铁路货物运价规则》附件一中01类煤，03类焦炭，04类金属矿石中0410铁矿石、0490其他金属矿石，05类0510生铁，06类非金属矿石中0610硫铁矿、0620石灰石、0630铝矾土、0640石膏，07类磷矿石，08类矿物性建筑材料中0811中泥土、0812砂、0813石料、0898灰渣等中的散堆装货物

3吨序号最大允许增载NumberFreighttypesuitableforincrementalloadMaximumallowableloading3tonsC62B,

C62BT,

C64A,

C64H,C64K,C64TopenwagonAnnexItotheRailwayFreightTariffRules,Class01coal,Class03coke,0410ironore,0490othermetaloresinClass04metalores,0510pigironinClass05,0610pyrite,0620limestone,0630bauxite,0640gypsuminClass06non-metallicores,07phosphorusores,0811clay,0812sand,0813stone,0898ashandotherbulkgoodsinClass08mineralbuildingmaterialsIncrementalloadwagontypeFreightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV装车作业的基本要求Basicrequirementofloadingoperation增载货车车型适于增载货物品类2C62BK、C62BT、C64A、C64H、C64K、C64T型敞车

除序号1所述品类外的其它适合敞车装运的货物2

吨3C62AK、C62AT型敞车

所有适合敞车装运的货物2

吨4企业自备车中标记载重60吨级敞车《铁路货物运价规则》附件一中01类煤2

吨序号最大允许增载NumberIncrementalloadwagontypeFreighttypesuitableforincrementalloadMaximumallowableloadingC62BK,C62BT,

C64A,

C64H,

C64K,

C64T

open

wagonC62AK,

C62ATopenwagonOtherfreightsuitableforopenwagontransportexceptforthecategorydescribedinNo.1AllfreightsuitableforopenwagontransportClass01coalinAnnexIofRailwayFreightTariffRules60tonopenwagonmarkedinenterpriseownedvehicles2tons2tons2tonsFreightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV装车作业的基本要求Basicrequirementofloadingoperation序号增载货车车型适于增载货物品类最大允许增载5P62NK、P62NT、P63（含P63K）、P64（含P64A、P64AK、P64AT、P64GH、P64GK、P64GT、P64K、P64T）、P65（含P65S）型棚车适合棚车装运的货物

1

吨快速货物班列中P65的装载重量按有关规定执行NumberMaximumallowableloadingFreighttypesuitableforincrementalloadIncrementalloadwagontype62NK,

P62NT,

P63（includingP63K）,

P64（includingP64A,

P64AK,

P64AT,

P64GH,

P64GK,P64GT,

P64K,

P64T）,P65（includingP65S）boxwagonFreightsuitableforboxwagonTheloadingweightofP65inthefastfreighttrainshallcomplywithrelevantregulations1tonFreightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV装车作业的基本要求Basicrequirementofloadingoperation以下车种车型不允许增载1）企业自备车中标记载重60t级敞车外的其他车种车型；2）P62K、P62T、P70等型棚车；3）N17K、N17AK、N17AT、N17GK、N17GT、N17T等型平车；ThefollowingvehicletypesarenotpermittedtocarryadditionalloadsOthertypesofvehiclesintheenterpriseownedvehiclesotherthanthosemarkedwith60topenwagonN17K,

N17AK,

N17AT,

N17GK,

N17GT,

N17Tandotherflatwagon.P62K,P62T,P70andotherboxwagons;Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV装车作业的基本要求Basicrequirementofloadingoperation以下车种车型不允许增载4）罐车（G）、矿石车（K）、家畜车（J）、水泥车（U）、粮食车（L）、

保温车（B）、集装箱车（X）、共用车（NX）、毒品车（W）、

长大货物车（D）以及长钢轨运输车（T）；5）涂打有禁增标记的货车；ThefollowingvehicletypesarenotpermittedtocarryadditionalloadsTankers(G),orewagons(K),livestockwagons(J),cementwagons(U),graintruck(L),longandlargefreightwagons(D)andlongrailwagons(T);insulatedwagons(B),containerwagons(X),sharedwagons(NX),drugwagons(W),Wagonspaintedwithno-additionmarkings;Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV装车作业的基本要求Basicrequirementofloadingoperation以下车种车型不允许增载6）C70（含C70H、C70A、C70C、C70E、C70EH、C70EF、C70B、

C70BH），C76（含C76H、C76A、C76B、C76C），C80

（含C80H、C80A、C80AH、C80B、C80BH、C80BF、C80C、

C80CA）型货车ThefollowingvehicletypesarenotpermittedtocarryadditionalloadsC70（including

C70H,

C70A,

C70C,

C70E,

C70EH,

C70EF,

C70BC80A,

C80AH,

C80B,

C80BH,C80BF,C80C

and

C80CA）wagonC70BH），C76（includingC76H,

C76A,

C76Band

C76C），C80（including

C80H,and

C80CA）wagonFreightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV装车作业的基本要求Basicrequirementofloadingoperation货车容许载重量计算Calculationofthepermissibleloadofawagon货车容许载重量计算公式P容=P标+P增+P特CalculationformulaofthepermissibleloadofawagonPpermissible

=Pstandard

+Paddition

+PspecialFreightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV装车作业的基本要求Basicrequirementofloadingoperation用一辆C62BK装运河砂，人力装车，货车容许载重量为多少吨？用抓斗机装车又为多少吨？（写出计算过程）课内实训AC62BKisusedtotransportriversand,whichisloadedmanually.Whatistheallowableloadingcapacityofthewagon?Andwhatifloadedwithgrab?(Writethecalculationprocess)Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointVInclasstraining课内实训Inclasstraining序号车型自重(t)载重(t)容积(m3)车内长×宽×高(mm)6C62BK22.76071.612500×2890×20009C64K22.96173.312490×2890×205010C64H22.56173.312490×2890×205111C64T22.86173.312490×2890×2050NumberVehiclemodelDead

weightLoadVolumeInnerlength×width×heightofthevehicleFreightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV解：C62B标重60吨，装砂（0812），可增载3吨Solution:C62Bindicatedweight60tons,sandloading(0812),withadditional3tonsallowed1）人力装车（不能多装）

P容=P标+P增+P特

=60+3+0=63（吨）2）抓斗机装车（可多装标重的2％）

P容=P标+P增+P特

=60+3+60×2％

=64.2（吨）Manualloading(notallowedtoloadtoomuch)Loadingwithgrab(2%moreindicatedweightcanbeloaded)Ppermissible

=Pstandard

+Paddition

+PspecialPpermissible

=Pstandard

+Paddition

+Pspecial(ton)(ton)Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV课内实训Inclasstraining《铁路货物装载加固规则》（简称《加规》）第4条规定，货物装载的要求是：使货物均衡稳定合理的分布在车辆上，不超载、不偏载、不集重、不偏重载重量与重心位置LoadcapacityandpositionofgravitycentreArticle4oftheRulesfortheRailwayFreightLoadingandStrengthening(the"StrengtheningRules")stipulatesthattherequirementsforfreightloadingare:Toensureabalanced,stableandreasonabledistributionofgoodsonthevehicles,nooverload,nounbalancedload,noconcentratedweight,nounbalancedweightFreightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV装车作业的基本要求Basicrequirementofloadingoperation不偏载（横向）、不偏重（纵向）Nobiasedload(horizontal),nobiasedweight(vertical)货物装载时应充分利用货车的载重力和容积，但不得超过货车容许载重量Thegoodsshallbeloadedbymakingfulluseofthepayloadcapacityandvolumeofthewagonbutshallnotexceedtheallowableloadcapacityofthewagon.Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV装车作业的基本要求Basicrequirementofloadingoperation一般情况下，一件货物装车后其重心或多件货物的总重心应能垂直投影到车地板纵、横中心线的交叉点上（即“中央”）不偏载（横向）、不偏重（纵向）Nobiasedload(horizontal),nobiasedweight(vertical)Ingeneral,thegravitycntreofafreightorthegeneralgravitycentreofseveralfreightshouldbeprojectedverticallyontotheintersectionofthelongitudinalandtransversecentrelinesofthefloorofthevehicle(i.e."central")Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV装车作业的基本要求Basicrequirementofloadingoperation其他要求Otherrequirements1）货物重量应均匀分布于车地板上，不超重、不偏载、不偏重、不集重

，在运输中不发生移动、滚动、倒蹋或坠落等情况；2）装载应堆码稳妥、紧密、捆绑牢固，认真做到轻拿轻放，大不压小，重不压轻；Theweightofthegoodsshouldbeevenlydistributedonthefloorofthevehicle,nooverload,nounbalancedload,nounbalancedweightandnoconcentratedweight.Nomovement,rolling,fallingordroppingduringtransport.Loadingshouldbestackedsecurely,tightlyandfirmlytied,andcarefullyhandledsothatlargefreightdonotcrushsmallonesandheavyonesdonotcrushsmallones.Whenusingopenwagonstoloadfreightthatareafraidofwet,theyshouldbestackedintoaridgeshape,coveredwithagoodtarpandtiedfirmlywithropes.3）使用敞车装载怕湿货物时，应堆码成屋脊形，苫盖好篷布，并将绳索捆绑牢固Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV装车作业的基本要求Basicrequirementofloadingoperation其他要求Otherrequirements4）使用棚车装载货物时，装在车门口的货物，应与车门保持适当距离，以防

挤住车门或湿损货物5）使用罐车装运货物时，应装到规定的容量，既不能超装，也不能欠装Whenusingaboxwagontoloadgoods,thefreightloadedatthedoorshouldbekeptatanappropriatedistancefromthedoortopreventsqueezingofthedoororwetdamagetothefreight.Whenusingatankertocarryfreight,itshouldbefilledtotherequiredcapacityandshouldneitherbeoverfillednorunderfilled.Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV装车作业的基本要求Basicrequirementofloadingoperation6）用敞、平车装载需要加固的货物、轻浮货物、成件货物，已有

定型方案的，必须按定型方案装载；无定型方案的，车站应会同

托运人制订暂行方案或试运加固方案，报上级批准后组织试运Forgoodsthatneedreinforcement,lightandfloatgoodsandpackagegoodstobeloadedfinalizedscheme;ifthereisnofinalizedscheme,therailwaystationshall,togetherwiththeconsignor,workoutaprovisionalschemeoratrialtransportreinforcementschemeandorganizeatrialtransportafterreportingthemtoandobtainingapprovalfromthehigherauthority.withopenorflatwagons,ifthereisafinalizedscheme,suchgoodsmustbeloadedpertheFreightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV装车作业的基本要求Basicrequirementofloadingoperation使用棚车、冷藏车、罐车运输的货物，由组织装车单位在货车上施封货车施封WagonsealingForfreighttransportedinboxwagon,refrigeratedtrucksortankers,theorganizeroftheloadingshouldsealthetruckWagonSealingandTarpaulinCovering货车施封和篷布苫盖可不施封Casesthatsealingisnotnecessary派有押运人的货物需要通风运输的货物组织装车单位认为不需施封的货物FreightwithescortassignedFreightrequiringventilatedtransportFreightdeemedasunnecessarytobesealedbytheentityorganizingtheloading.Consignedemptyself-providedvehicleandemptyself-providedcontainerareallowednottobesealed.托运的空自备车、空自备集装箱可以不施封Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointVFreightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointVWagonSealingandTarpaulinCovering货车施封和篷布苫盖通用集装箱重箱必须施封；其他类型集装箱根据实际情况采取适合的施封方法集装箱由托运人负责在集装箱上施封施封后，在运单、票据封套和货车装载清单上记明施封及号码General-purposecontainers,fullcontainersmustbesealed;suitablesealingmethodsshallbeappliedforothertypesofcontainersaccordingtotheactualconditions.ShippershallberesponsibleforsealingcontainersAftersealing,markthesealingandnumberonthewaybill,noteenvelopeandwagonloadlist.Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointVWagonSealingandTarpaulinCovering货车施封和篷布苫盖用10号镀锌铁线将箱门把手锁件拧固并剪断余尾（燕尾）ScrewdownthelockoftheboxdoorhandlewithNo.10galvanizedironwireandcutoffthetail(dovetail)Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointVWagonSealingandTarpaulinCovering货车施封和篷布苫盖无效施封钢丝绳的任何端可以自由拔出，锁芯可以从锁套中自由拔出钢丝绳断开后再接，重新使用锁套上无站名、号码和站名或号码不清、被破坏Anyendofthewireropecanbepulledoutfreely,andthelockcylindercanbepulledoutfreelyfromthelocksleeveThewireropecanbeconnectedandreusedafterbeingdisconnectedThereisnostationname,numberorstationnameonthelocksleeve,orthenumberisunclearordamagedInvalidsealingFreightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointVWagonSealingandTarpaulinCovering货车施封和篷布苫盖篷布仅用于苫盖敞车装运的怕湿、易燃货物或其它需苫盖篷布的货物,并加盖绳网毒害品、腐蚀性物品及污染性物品不得使用铁路篷布苫盖篷布Tarpaulinsareonlyusedtocoverwetorflammablefrightinopenwagonsorotherfreightthatneedtobecoveredwithtarpaulins,andtheyarecoveredwitharopenetRailwaytarpaulinsshouldnotbeusedfortoxic,corrosiveandpollutingsubstancesCoveringtarpaulinFreightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointVWagonSealingandTarpaulinCovering货车施封和篷布苫盖苫盖篷布苫盖易于损坏篷布的货物，装车单位必须采取防护措施，防护材料由托运人提供苫盖1张D型篷布，货车较短时，多余部分折叠在货车中部两捆绑腰绳下方Forfreightthatcaneasilydamagethetarpaulins,theloadingunitmusttakeprotectivemeasures,withprotectivematerialsprovidedbytheshipperCover1sheetofD-tarpaulin,withtheexcessfoldedunderthetwolashingsinthemiddleofthewagonwhenthewagonisshortCoveringtarpaulinFreightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointVWagonSealingandTarpaulinCovering货车施封和篷布苫盖苫盖篷布不得影响人力制动机（手闸）及提钩杆使用。篷布绳索余尾长度不少于100mm，不超过300mmThetarpmustnotinterferewiththeuseofthehumanbrake(handbrake)andthehookliftlever.Theremaininglengthofthetarpropemustbeatleast100mmandnotmorethan300mm.苫盖篷布CoveringtarpaulinFreightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointVWagonSealingandTarpaulinCovering货车施封和篷布苫盖篷布、篷布绳网不得作为加固材料使用货物装载高度超过敞车端侧1m以上或有押运人乘坐的车辆不得苫盖货车篷布TarpaulinandtarpaulinropenetshallnotbeusedasreinforcementmaterialAvehiclewiththeloadheightoffreightexceeding1mabovetheendsideofacoveredwagonorwithanescorttakingawagonshallnotbecoveredwithawagontarpaulin.

苫盖篷布CoveringtarpaulinFreightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointVWagonSealingandTarpaulinCovering货车施封和篷布苫盖铁路篷布不得与自备篷布（运单×）混苫。铁路篷布7位编号，第1位篷布

投入使用的年份，后6位顺序号。自备篷布9位编号,前4位篷布投入使用的年月，

后5位顺序号Railwaytarpaulinshallnotbemixedwithself-suppliedtarpaulin(waybill×).Railwaytarpaulinshallhavesevendigits:thefirstdigitshallindicatetheyearinwhichthetarpaulinisputintouseandthelastsixdigitsshallbesequentialnumber.Self-suppliedtarpaulinshallhaveninedigits:thefirstfourdigitsshallindicatetheyearinwhichthetarpaulinisputintouseandthelastfivedigitsshallbesequentialnumber.Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointVWagonSealingandTarpaulinCovering货车施封和篷布苫盖铁路篷布7位编号，第1位篷布投入使用的年份，后6位顺序号Theserialnumberofrailwaytarpaulinshallbeofsevendigits:thefirstdigitshallbetheyearwhenthetarpaulinisputintouseandthelastsixdigitsofsequentialnumber.图1铁路货车D型篷布示意图（正面）2123456Figure1DiagramofTypeDTarpaulinforRailwayWagon(FrontSide)Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointVWagonSealingandTarpaulinCovering货车施封和篷布苫盖自备篷布9位编号,前4位篷布投入使用的年月，后5位顺序号Self-suppliedtarpaulinshallhaveninedigits:thefirstfourdigitsshallindicatetheyearinwhichthetarpaulinisputintouseandthelastfivedigitsshallbesequentialnumber.图3自备货车D型篷布示意图（正面）210912345Figure3DiagramofTypeDTarpaulinforSelf-ProvideTruck(FrontSide)Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointVWagonSealingandTarpaulinCovering货车施封和篷布苫盖货车篷布苫盖不良刮断信号设备Case:accidentcausedbycarelesscargoinspection案例：货运检查不认真事故ThesignalequipmentisscratchedandbrokenduetopoorwagontarpaulincoverFreightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointV《铁路货物运输管理规则》规定：篷布（包括自备篷布）苫盖捆绑不牢、被刮掉或被割危及运输安全时，应及时进行整理；丢失或补苫篷布时由发现站拍发电报并编制记录TheAdministrativeRulesonRailwayFreightTransportprovidethat:wherethetarpaulin(includingself-providedtarpaulin)coverisnotsecurelybound,scrapedofforcut,whichendangersthesafetyoftransport,thetarpaulinshallbearrangedinatimelymanner;wherethetarpaulinislostoradded,thediscoveringstationshallsendatelegramandcompilearecord.

Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointVCase:accidentcausedbycarelesscargoinspection案例：货运检查不认真事故货物运单货车施封后，货运员应将车种、车号、货车标重、使用篷布张数，施封个数记入货物运单内ConsignmentnoteAftersealingupafreightcar,thefreightoperatorshallrecordthevehicletype,vehiclenumber,markweightofthefreightcar,numberofsheetsoftarpaulinsusedandnumberofsealingintothewaybill.Freightloadingoperation知识点五货物装车作业KnowledgePointVFillinTransportVoucher填写运输票据货运票据封套国际联运货物和以车辆寄送单回送的外国铁路货车、保密物资的运输票据使用货运票据封套封固后随车递送各栏按实际填写，加盖车站日期戳、经办人工作名章FillinTransportVoucher填写运输票据FreightVoucherCoverSetEachcolumnisfilledoutaccordingtotheactualconditionsandaffixedwiththedatestampofthestationandworkingsealofthehandlingperson.Thetransportvoucherofinternationalcombinedtransportfreightandforeignrailwaywagons