（湖南专用）高考英语二轮复习阅读简答权威课件专题二十六 说明文型阅读简答 （专题导读 真题典例 新题预测）

专题二十六说明文型阅读简答专题导读真题典例新题预测返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答

说明文也是阅读简答题常见的体裁之一。把握说明文的语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的常见写作顺序有：时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体、从上到下、从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果、先果后因、先主后次)以及认识顺序(由此及彼、由浅入深、由具体到抽象、由现象到本质)。文章通常层次清晰，整体性强，易读易懂。返回目录专题导读返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答真题典例[2021·湖南卷]“Let'stalk〞：thefreeadviceprojectAfewweeksago,ItookawalkaroundWashingtonSquarePark.Imetalltheusualpeople：streetperformers,thePigeonGuy,agroupofguitaristssinginginharmony.Butofftotheside,sittingonabenchwasawomandoingsomethingvastlydifferent—givingfreeadvice.Aweekortwolater,Isetupaninterviewwithherandwediscussedherprojectatlength.返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答真题典例LisaPodell,32,startedtheFreeAdviceProjectthispastMay.Itbeganasanexperiment；shesatinWashingtonSquareParkforadaywithasignthatread“FreeAdvice〞asasimplewaytoreachouttopeople.Podellwasastonishedatthestrongresponse.Podelladmitsthatshewasdoubtfulatfirst,butnowshedescribestheprojectasmutually(相互地)beneficial.Peoplelearnfromher—butshealsolearnsfromthem.Shesaysthatthemajorityofthosewhocometoheraredealingwithsomeprettyheavyissues,andtheyexpecthernotonlytolisten,butalsoproviderealanswers.返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答真题典例Havingworkedasafulltimeteacherandnowasanadolescentadvisor,Podellbelievesthattalkingthingsoutisimportantinthedecision­makingprocess.Sometimes,peoplewalkaroundallday,keepingtheirproblemsintheirownheadandthinkingabouttheminthesameway.Podellsimplytriestoprovidepeoplewithperspective.IaskedifthereisafutureplanfortheFreeAdviceProject.PodellsaidshewouldliketopromoteittoeachpublicspaceinNewYork,whichwouldbecarriedoutbyvariousvolunteersacrossthecity.返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答真题典例Itwastrulyinspiringtomeetsomeonewithsuchabigheart,especiallyinNewYork—whereitissometimesveryhardtofindanybodytolisten.返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答真题典例1．InwhatwaywasPodelldifferentfromotherpeopleinthepark?(Nomorethan6words)______________________________________________2．WhatdopeopleinneedexpectPodelltodo?(Nomorethan10words)______________________________________________3．AccordingtoPodell,whatshouldpeopledowhenmakingdecisions?(Nomorethan6words)______________________________________________4．HowwouldPodellpromoteherprojectinNewYork?(Nomorethan15words)______________________________________________返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答真题典例[要点综述]现代人大多非常繁忙，步行速度快，很难停下脚步来与人交流。但是LisaPodell却创立了一种“免费建议工程〞来倾听别人的心声，给别人提出合理化的建议。1.Shewasgivingfreeadvice.信息查询题。考查细节的直接理解和转换。根据第一段最后一句破折号后的内容givingfreeadvice转换，并添加主语和系动词。2.Theyexpecthertolistenandproviderealanswers.信息查询题。考查细节的直接理解和转换。根据第四段的最后一句“…theyexpecthernotonlytolisten,butalsoproviderealanswers.〞将notonly…butalso转换成…and…即可。返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答真题典例3.Theyshouldtalkthingsout.信息查询题。考查细节的直接理解和转换。根据第五段的“…Podellbelievesthattalkingthingsoutisimportantinthedecision­makingprocess.〞直接转换即可。4.Shewouldpromoteittoeachpublicspacewiththehelpofvolunteers.信息整合题。考查信息的整合和表达。根据倒数第二段的“…shewouldliketopromoteittoeachpublicspaceinNewYork,whichwouldbecarriedoutbyvariousvolunteersacrossthecity.〞可直接将定语从句转换成介词短语withthehelpofvolunteers。返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答新题预测(一)Companionplantingistheideathatsomekindsofplantscanhelpeachothergrow.Plantsthatarecompatible(能共存的)togethergenerallyhavesimilarneedsintermsofnutrients,soilandmoisturelevels.Adviceaboutwhichplantsarecompatibleissometimesbasedmoreontraditionthanproof.Butexpertssaythereisevidencetosupportcertaincombinations.Thesecanimproveharvests,reducediseaseandhelpwithpestcontrolbyattractinghelpfulinsects.返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答新题预测Forexample,somekindsofbacteriatakenitrogen(氮)fromtheairandmakeitintoaformthatplantscanuse.Theplantsholdthenitrogenintheirroots.Legumesareespeciallygoodatthisnitrogen­fixing.Thenanycropsthatsharethesamespacewiththelegumescangetthenitrogeneasily.返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答新题预测Beansandpotatoescanalsoshareterritorywellbecausetheirrootsreachdifferentlevelsinthesoil.Deep­rootedvegetablesgetnutrientsandmoisturefromlowerdowninthesoil,sotheydonotcompetewithplantswithshallowerroots.However,someplantsplacedtogethermayharmeachother'sdevelopment.Forexample,tomatoesdon'tlikewetsoilbutwatercress(西洋菜)does,soyouwouldprobablywanttokeepthemseparated.返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答新题预测Somekindsofproduceshouldbekeptapartevenafterbeingharvested.Thisisbecauseofethylene(乙烯)gas.Ethyleneisaplanthormonethatcancausesomefoodstoripentooquickly.Applesreleaseethylenegas.Apricots,melonsandtomatoesalsoreleasealotofethylene.Somevegetablesareeasilyaffectedbyethylene,includingasparagus(芦笋),broccoli,cabbageandcucumbers.Thisriskofripeningtoosooniswhymarketsoftenseparatehighethylene­producingfoodsfromthosethataresensitivetothegas.Butifyouputanappleinabagwithagreenbanana,theethylenefromtheapplewillmakethebananareadytoeatsooner.返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答新题预测1．Forwhatreasonscansomeplantsbecompatibletogether？(Nomorethan14words)_______________________________________________2．Whycanthecropsplantedwithlegumestogethergetthenitrogeneasily?(Nomorethan12words)_______________________________________________3．Whydon'tdeep­rootedvegetablescompetewithplantswithshallowerroots?(Nomorethan15words)_______________________________________________4．Howtoreducetheriskofripeningtoosooninmarkets?(Nomorethan14words)_______________________________________________返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答新题预测[解析]1.Theygenerallyhavesimilarneedsintermsofnutrients,soilandmoisturelevels.根据第一段“Plantsthatarecompatible(能共存的)togethergenerallyhavesimilarneedsintermsofnutrients,soilandmoisturelevels.〞可判断作答。2.Becauselegumesareespeciallygoodatthisnitrogen­fixing.根据第三段“Legumesareespeciallygoodatthisnitrogen­fixing.Thenanycropsthatsharethesamespacewiththelegumescangetthenitrogeneasily.〞可判断作答。返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答新题预测3.Becausedeep­rootedvegetablesgetnutrientsandmoisturefromlowerdowninthesoil.根据第四段“Deep­rootedvegetablesgetnutrientsandmoisturefromlowerdowninthesoil,sotheydonotcompetewithplantswithshallowerroots.〞可判断作答。4.Byseparatinghighethylene­producingfoodsfromthosethataresensitivetothegas.根据第五段“Thisriskofripeningtoosooniswhymarketsoftenseparatehighethylene­producingfoodsfromthosethataresensitivetothegas.〞可判断作答。返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答新题预测(二)Theysaymoneydoesn'tgrowontrees.Butthestrangephenomenonofoldtreeswithcoinsembedded(嵌入)allovertheirbarkhasbeenspottedontrailsfromthePeakDistricttotheScottishHighlandsintheUK.Thecoinsareusuallyknockedintotreetrunksusingstonesbypassers­by,whohopeitwillbringthemgoodfortune.Thetraditionofmakingofferingstodeities(神明)atwishingtreesdatesbacktohundredsofyears,butthiscombinationoftheman­madeandthenaturalisfarmorerare.返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答新题预测Itusedtobebelievedthatdivinespirits(神灵)livedintrees,andtheywereoftendecoratedwithsweetsandgifts—asisstilldonetodayatChristmas.ThereareseventreetrunkswithcoinspushedintotheminthebeautifulvillageofPortmeirion,inWales.MeurigJones,amanageratthetouristdestination,toldtheBBC,“Wehadnoideawhyitwasbeingdonewhenwefirstnoticedthetreetrunkwasbeingfilledwithcoins.Ididsomedetectiveworkanddiscoveredthattreesweresometimesusedas‘wishingtrees’.InBritainitdatesbacktothe1700s—thereisonetreeinScotlandsomewherewhichapparentlyhasaflorin(弗罗林币)stuckintoit.〞返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答新题预测Hesaidthatasickpersoncouldpressacoinintoatreeandhis/herillnesswouldgoaway.“Ifsomeonethentakesthecoinoutthough,it'ssaidthattheythenbecomeill.Wehaven'tpublicizeditatall;it'sjusthappened，〞headded.“It'squiteamazingreally.〞InScotland,thereisalsoalegendaboutakissingtree.Ifayoungmancoulddriveanailintoatreewithoneblow,heearnedakissfromhissweetheart.返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答新题预测1．Whydopassers­bywanttoknockcoinsintotreetrunks？(Nomorethan9words)_______________________________________________2．Whydidpeopledecoratetreeswithsweetsandgiftsinancienttimes?(Nomorethan9words)_______________________________________________3．Whatwouldhappentoamanifhetookthecoinoutfromthetreetrunk?(Nomorethan5words)_______________________________________________4．AccordingtoalegendofScotland,whatwouldayoungmandoinordertogetkissedbyhissweetheart?(Nomorethan14words)_______________________________________________返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答新题预测[要点综述]本文主要讲述了在英国向树干嵌入硬币的方式仍然很受欢送，这是一种向上帝表达自己的愿望的做法。1.Becausetheybelieveit‘llbringthemgoodfortune.根据第二段“Thecoinsareusuallyknockedintotreetrunksusingstonesbypassers­by,whohopeitwillbringthemgoodfortune.〞可判断作答。2.Becausetheybelieveddivinespiritslivedintrees.根据第四段“Itusedtobebelievedthatdivinespirits(神灵)livedintrees,andtheywereoftendecoratedwithsweetsandgifts—asisstilldonetodayatChristmas.〞可判断作答。返回目录专题二十六说明文型阅读简答新题预测3.Hewouldbecomeill.根据倒数第二段“Ifsomeonethentakesthecoinoutthough,it‘ssaidthattheythenbecomeill.〞可判断作答。4.Hewouldtrytodriveanailintoatreewithoneblow.根据最后一段“InScotland,thereisalsoalegendaboutakissingtree.Ifayoungmancoulddriveanailintoatreewithoneblow,heearnedakissfromhissweetheart.〞可判断作答。返回目录

备用习题Chinesecuisine(菜肴)iswidelyknownandenjoyedintheworld.ButthereisoneinterestingconceptconcerningChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardofintheWest,andwhichisbecomingincreasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast—theancientcustomof“tonicfood〞．Tonicfoodisthefoodwhichisconsumedtoimproveone'swell­being,orstaveoffsickness,particularlyattimeswhenoneismorelikelytofallill.Forinstance,itwasoncethecustomfornewmotherstoeatasesame­oilhotpoteverydayforthefirstmonthaftergivingbirth.Itwasbelievedthatthisdishwouldbenefitthemuscles,reducepain,improvecirculation,stimulatesweating,andwarmthebody.返回目录

备用习题Infact,somewesterntheoriesofhealtharesimilartothebeliefsinChinesetonicfood,althougheachtakesadifferentpathtowardstheverysamegoal.Westernmedicineactuallyrecommendssomeoftheexactsameingredientsthatmakeuptonicfoods.Sesameoilcanprovidelotsofcalories,andchickenmeatisparticularlyhighinprotein.AnyWesterndoctorshouldbehappytosuggestsuchaChinesedishafterchildbirth.返回目录

备用习题Theelderly,weak,andyoungcanalsobenefitgreatlyfromtonicfoods,especiallyduringthewinter.Somefoods,suchasgoatmeatandspinach,areseenas“hot〞，whileothers,suchasChinesecabbageandradish,areseenas“cold〞.Oneshouldbecarefulnottoeattoomuchofeither“hot〞or“cold〞food.However,howmuch“hot〞or“cold〞foodoneshouldeatdependsonthetimeoftheyear,howthefoodispreparedandwhatitispreparedwith,andtheindividual'shealth.返回目录

备用习题“Warm〞or“cool〞tonicfoodsarestronglyrecommended.Thechoicesfor“warm〞and“cool〞foodsrangefromsimpleseacucumbertothedelicacyofbird'snestsoup,dependingontheindividual'seconomiccircumstances.Theconceptoftonicfoodisfarfromlosingcredibility,eitherwithWesternersorpractitionersofmodernmedicine.Forexample,upuntiltwoyearsago,tonicfoodswereaddedtothemealsservedatarenownedhospital.返回目录

备用习题1.WhatattitudedotheyoungintheEastholdtowards“tonicfood〞？(Nomorethan5words)_________________________________________