Project Locomotive running departmentRecognition of suspension device and motor suspension device 项目四 机车走行部

RecognitionofsuspensiondeviceandmotorsuspensiondeviceProject4LocomotiverunningdepartmentStructuralcognitionandinspectionofhigh-speedtrainKeynotespeaker:GaoWei项目四机车走行部悬挂装置及电机悬挂装置认知高速列车构造认知与检查主讲人：高伟Thesuspensiondevice,alsoknownasthespringdevice,comprisesanelasticelementandashockabsorber.Thedynamicperformanceoflocomotiveiscloselyrelatedtothestructureandparameterselectionofsuspensiondevice.Asuspensiondevice,twosuspensiondevice一、bogie-suspensiondevice转向架—悬挂装置Recognitionofsuspensiondeviceandmotorsuspensiondevice悬挂装置及电机悬挂装置认知悬挂装置也称弹簧装置，包括弹性元件及减振器。机车动力性能的好坏，与悬挂装置的结构形式及参数选择密切相关。一系悬挂装置、二系悬挂装置Thelocomotiveadoptstwosuspensiondevices,onesuspensionisarrangedbetweenthelocomotivebogieframeandaxlebox;Thetwo-seriessuspensionisarrangedbetweenthebodyunderframeandthebogieframe.Weoftencalltheweightabovesuspension"sprungweight";Aseriesofsuspendedweight,knownas"sprungweight"or"deadweight",includingaxlebox,wheelweight(shaftsuspensionmotorsuspensionbogiealsoincludespartofthemotorweight).1,2-adjustspringgasket;3-dampingpad;4-Anti-snakeshockabsorber;5-Connectingseatcomposition;6-highroundspring;7,8--adjustgasket;9--VerticalshockabsorberRecognitionofsuspensiondeviceandmotorsuspensiondevice悬挂装置及电机悬挂装置认知一、bogie-suspensiondevice转向架—悬挂装置1，2—调整弹簧垫片；3—减振垫；4—抗蛇形减振器；5—连接座组成；6—高圆弹簧；7，8—调整垫片；9—垂向减振器机车采用两系悬挂装置，一系悬挂，设置在机车转向架构架与轴箱之间；二系悬挂，设置在车体底架与转向架构架之间。我们常常把一系悬挂以上的重量，称为“簧上重量”；一系悬挂以下的重量，称为“簧下重量”或称为“死重量”，包括轴箱、轮对的重量（轴悬式电机悬挂转向架还包括部分电机重量）。二、bogie-motorsuspensiondevice转向架—电机悬挂装置Thewaytractionmotorsaremountedonlocomotivesiscalledmotorsuspension.Themotoradoptssuspensionmodeinordertoreducethedamageofmotorandcircuitbyactionforce.Thesuspensionmodeoftractionmotorcanberoughlydividedintoshaftsuspension,framesuspensionandbodysuspension.Shaftsuspension,alsoknownassemi-suspension,canbedividedintorigidshaftsuspensionandelasticshaftsuspensiontwotypes.Framesuspensionandbodysuspensionisalsoknownasfullsuspension.Recognitionofsuspensiondeviceandmotorsuspensiondevice悬挂装置及电机悬挂装置认知牵引电动机在机车上的安装方式称为电机悬挂。电机采用悬挂方式尽量以减小动作用力对电机和线路的破坏为宗旨。牵引电动机的悬挂方式大致可分为轴悬式、架悬式、体悬式3大类。轴悬式又称为半悬挂式，可分为刚性轴悬式和弹性轴悬式两类。架悬式和体悬挂又称为全悬挂式。Oneendofthetractionmotorisrigidlysupportedontheaxleneckbytheaxlebushorrollingbearing--theaxleend;Theotherendissuspendedelasticallyfromthebogieframebeam--thesuspensionend.Thiskindofsuspensionissimpleinstructure,easyinmaintenance,convenientindisassembly,withoutliftingthelocomotivebody,thetractionmotorcanberemovedinthewheelpit,reliablework.三、bogie-motorsuspensiondevice(rigidshaftsuspension)转向架—电机悬挂装置（刚性轴悬式）HoldingshaftendThearchitectureHangingsideRecognitionofsuspensiondeviceandmotorsuspensiondevice悬挂装置及电机悬挂装置认知牵引电动机的一端经抱轴瓦或滚动轴承刚性地支承在车轴的抱轴颈上——抱轴端；另一端弹性地悬挂在转向架构架横梁上——悬挂端。这种悬挂方式结构简单，检修容易，拆装方便，在不起吊机车车体的情况下，牵引电动机可以在落轮坑内卸下，工作可靠。Itsdisadvantagesmainlyhavetwopoints:first,theunsprungweight(abouthalfoftheweightoftractionmotorisunsprungdeadweight),thewheel/raildynamicloadislarge,theimpactfromthelineisdirectlytransmittedtothetractionmotor,affectingitsservicelife.Second,theaxleadoptstheaxlebushstructure,andtheslidingfrictionbetweentheaxleandtheaxlebushiseasytocausetheheatingoftheaxleandburntheaxle.Recognitionofsuspensiondeviceandmotorsuspensiondevice悬挂装置及电机悬挂装置认知三、bogie-motorsuspensiondevice(rigidshaftsuspension)转向架—电机悬挂装置（刚性轴悬式）HoldingshaftendThearchitectureHangingside其缺点主要有两点：一是簧下重量大（牵引电动机约一半的重量，属于簧下死重量），轮轨动载荷大，来自线路的冲击，直接传至牵引电动机，影响其使用寿命。二是抱轴采用抱轴瓦结构，车轴与抱轴瓦之间是滑动摩擦，容易引起抱轴发热烧损车轴。Oneendofthetractionmotorissuspendedonthebogieframe,andtheotherendisstillsupportedbyholdingbearings,buttheholdingbearingsarenotdirectlysupportedontheaxle,butsupportedonthehollowshaftsetoutsidetheaxle,andthedrivenbiggearisalsofixatedontheendofthehollowshaft.Theadvantagesare:reducetheharmoftheactionforce,isconducivetoprolongthelifeofthemotorandthenormalmeshingofthegear,butalsoconducivetoimprovetheadhesionperformanceofthelocomotive.四、bogie-motorsuspensiondevice(elasticshaftsuspension)转向架—电机悬挂装置（弹性轴悬式）1-Drivinggear;2-Drivengear;3-thewheelRecognitionofsuspensiondeviceandmotorsuspensiondevice悬挂装置及电机悬挂装置认知1—主动齿轮；2—从动齿轮；3—车轮牵引电动机的一端悬挂在转向架构架上，另一端仍通过抱轴承支承，但抱轴承不是直接支承在车轴上，而是支承在车轴外面套装的空心轴上，从动大齿轮也是固装在空心轴的端部。优点是：减轻了动作用力的危害，有利于延长电机寿命和齿轮的正常啮合，也有利于提高机车的黏着性能。Frame-suspendedtractionmotorsareallsuspendedfromthebogieframe,asshowninthefigureontheleft.Therefore,alltheweightoftractionmotorbelongstothesprungpart,whichgreatlyreducesthesprungdeadweightandmeetstheneedsofhigh-speedoperation.五、bogie-motorsuspensiondevice(suspension)转向架—电机悬挂装置（架悬式）1-Mandrel(I);2-plate;3-Suspensionarm;4-suspensionseat;5--Mandrel(2)Recognitionofsuspensiondeviceandmotorsuspensiondevice悬挂装置及电机悬挂装置认知1—心轴（一）；2—托板；3—悬挂臂；4—悬挂座；5—心轴（二）架悬式的牵引电动机全部悬挂在转向架构架上，如左图所示。因此牵引电动机全部重量属于簧上部分，这就大大减小了簧下死重量，适应了高速运行的需要。Motorsuspensionbesidestrainrymotorfullload,andthesizeofthegear,fixedhollowshaft,gearbox,transmissionbearingtheweightofthesixconnectingrodconnectedtothebiggear,driveplate,halftheweightofthehollowshaft,makethembecomethesprungweight,significantlyreduceunsprungweight,toreducelocomotiverunningwheel/railforce,improvethedynamicperformanceofthelocomotive.Recognitionofsuspensiondeviceandmotorsuspensiondevice悬挂装置及电机悬挂装置认知五、bogie-motorsuspensiondevice(suspension)转向架—电机悬挂装置（架悬式）1-Mandrel(I);2-plate;3-Suspensionarm;4-suspensionseat;5--Mandrel(2)1—心轴（一）；2—托板；3—悬挂臂；4—悬挂座；5—心轴（二）电机悬挂装置除承受电机全部载荷外，还要承受大小齿轮、固定空心轴、齿轮箱、传动轴承的重量，与大齿轮相连的六连杆、传动盘、空心轴的一半重量，使它们成为簧上重量，大大降低簧下重量，以降低机车运行时的轮轨动作用力，改善机车的动力学性能。ThetractionmotorofHXD1Clocomotiveisdrivenbyaxletypesemi-suspension:oneendisrigidlyconnectedwiththeclosingsurfaceofaxleboxthrough8M30bolts;Bothendsoftheaxleboxarehuggedontheaxlebytaperedrollerbearings;Theotherendishungontheframebytract