螺栓连接的构造与识图TheConstructionandr

螺栓连接的构造与识图TheConstructionandrecognitionofboltedconnections优点施工简单，装拆方便，对安装工的要求高。耐疲劳，易阻止裂纹扩展。摩擦型高强度螺栓连接动力性能好。advantagesTheconstructionissimple,theassemblyanddisassemblyareconvenient,andtherequirementsforinstallersarehighFatigueresistance,easytopreventcrackpropagationFrictiontypehigh-strengthboltconnectionhasgooddynamicperformance.费料、开孔截面削弱缺点螺栓孔加工精度要求高disadvantagesMaterial,openholesectionweakenedThemachiningaccuracyofboltholesrequireshigh认识螺栓连接TheRecognizeboltedconnections螺栓连接普通螺栓高强螺栓A级B级C级按外形分大六角头扭剪型按设计准则分摩擦型承压型普通螺栓六角头高强螺栓认识螺栓连接BoltedconnectionOrdinaryboltsHighstrengthboltsAclassBclassCclassOrdinaryboltsByformfactorAccordingtothedesignguidelinesLargehexagonalheadFrictiontypePressure-bearingtypeTwistedscissortypeHexagonalheadhigh-strengthboltsRecognizeboltedconnections螺栓性能等级符号螺栓性能等级标号有两部分数字组成，分别表示螺栓材料的公称抗拉强度值和屈强比值。例如，性能等级4.6级的螺栓，其含义是：螺栓材质公称抗拉强度达400MPa级。螺栓材质的屈强比值为0.6。螺栓材质的公称屈服强度达400×0.6=240Mpa认识螺栓连接BoltperformanceclasssymbolTheboltperformancegradedesignationconsistsoftwonumbers,indicatingthenominaltensilestrengthvalueandyieldratiovalueoftheboltmaterial.Forexample，Performanceclass4.6bolts,themeaningofwhichis:Thenominaltensilestrengthoftheboltmaterialreaches400MPaTheyieldratiooftheboltmaterialis0.6Thenominalyieldstrengthoftheboltmaterialreaches400×0.6=240MpaRecognizeboltedconnections普通螺栓连接基本情况BasicsituationofordinaryboltedconnectionOrdinaryboltstypeRefineboltsRoughboltsPerformancelevelGradesAandBClassCGrade5.6and8.8Levels4.6and4.8ProcessingmethodThelatheismachinedAsinglepartwaspunchedlasttimeMachiningaccuracyClassIhole:thedifferencebetweenthediameteroftheboltholeandthediameteroftheboltrodis0.2~0.5mmClassII.hole:thedifferencebetweenthediameteroftheboltholeandthediameteroftheboltrodis1.0~1.5mmShearresistanceGoodSlippagewillbeproduced,pooruseStructureswithhighcomponentaccuracy(mechanicalstructure);Itisrarelyusedinsteelstructures.Tensileconnectionalongtheboltrodshaft;secondaryshearconnection;Temporaryfixationoftheinstallation.Basicsituationofordinarybolts认识螺栓连接Recognizeboltedconnections2高强螺栓连接基本情况图a大六角头螺栓图b扭剪型螺栓

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2341-螺栓；2-垫圈；3-螺母；4-螺丝;5-槽口1235高强螺栓连接:由45号、40B和20MnTiB钢加工而成，并经过热处理。等级:8.8级（830Mpa）、10.9级（1040Mpa)。形式:大六角头、扭剪型。认识螺栓连接Basicsituationofhigh-strengthboltedconnectionHigh-strengthboltedconnection:processedfromNo.45,40Band20MnTiBsteel,andheattreated.Grade:8.8(830Mpa),10.9(1040Mpa)Form:largehexagonalhead,twistscissortype1-bolt2-Gasket3-Nuts4-Screws5-NotchFigureALargehexheadboltFig.BTorsion-shearboltsRecognizeboltedconnections传力途径：

按确定承载力极限不同高强度螺栓摩擦型连接高强度螺栓承压型连接被连板件间摩擦力传力摩擦力被克服螺栓杆与孔壁承压螺栓杆被剪坏孔壁被压坏设计准则：动力荷载构件静力或间接动力荷载构件应用：（1）螺栓杆被剪坏（2）孔壁的挤压破坏高强螺栓连接基本情况认识螺栓连接ThelimitofbearingcapacityisdetermineddifferentlyHigh-strengthboltfrictiontypeconnectionHigh-strengthboltpressure-bearingtypeconnectionThefrictionbetweentheconnectedplatestransmitsforceTheboltrodisunderpressureagainsttheholewallFrictionisovercomeTheboltrodisshearedThewallsoftheholearecrushedDynamicloadmembersStaticorindirectdynamicloadmembersForcetransmissionpathwayDesignguidelinesapply(1)Theboltrodissheared(2)ExtrusionfailureoftheholewallRecognizeboltedconnections表2高强度螺栓连接的孔型尺寸匹配高强度螺栓孔应采用钻成孔（一般为Ⅱ类孔），承压型连接采用标准圆孔。高强螺栓连接基本情况认识螺栓连接High-strengthboltholesshouldbedrilledintoholes(generallyClassIIholes),andstandardroundholesshouldbeusedforpressure-bearingconnections.Table2Matchingtheholepatternofhigh-strengthboltedconnectionBoltnominalratingStandardholesLargeroundholeSlottedholesdiameterdiameterShort-orientedLongdirectionHoletypeRecognizeboltedconnections表2高强度螺栓连接的孔型尺寸匹配摩擦型连接可采用标准孔、大圆孔和槽孔。高强螺栓连接基本情况认识螺栓连接HoletypeStandardholesLargeroundholeSlottedholesLongdirectionShort-orienteddiameterdiameterFrictionconnectionsareavailablewithstandard,largeroundandslotholes.Table2Matchingtheholepatternofhigh-strengthboltedconnectionRecognizeboltedconnectionsRecognizeboltedconnections螺栓在构件上的排列应符合简单整齐、规格统一、布置紧凑的原则，其连接中心宜与被连接构件截面的重心相一致。螺栓连接的构造与识图BoltedconnectionconstructionanddrawingrecognitionThearrangementofboltsonthecomponentsshouldconformtotheprinciplesofsimpleandneat,uniformspecificationsandcompactarrangement,andtheconnectioncentershouldbeconsistentwiththecenterofgravityofthesectionoftheconnectedmember.螺栓的排列要求Requirementsforthearrangementofbolts并列错列螺栓的排列要求TiedWrongcolumnRequirementsforthearrangementofboltsEndpitch简单、整齐、紧凑所用连接板尺寸小，但构件截面削弱大。B错列A并列中距中距边距边距端距错列排列不紧凑，所用连接板尺寸大，但构件截面削弱小。螺栓的排列要求并列TiedWrongcolumnSimple,neatandcompact,thesizeoftheconnectingplateissmall,butthecross-sectionofthecomponentisweakenedgreatlyThearrangementisnotcompact,thesizeoftheconnectingplateusedislarge,butthecross-sectionofthememberisweakenedsmallTiedWrongcolumnEndpitchMediumrangeMediumrangeMarginsMarginsRequirementsforthearrangementofbolts1.2d0OtherboltsorrivetsHighstrengthboltsRollededges,automaticprecisiongascuttingorsawnedges1.5d0CutedgeorhandgascutedgeVerticalinternalforcedirection2d04d0or8tFollowthedirectionofinternalforcescentreTothestructurepieceedgeMarginInthediagonaldirection16d0或24tpullingforce12d0或18tpressureFollowthedirectionofinternalforces16d0或24tVerticalinternalforcedirectionmiddlespace3d08d0或12tOutwardrow(verticalinternalforcedirectionorinternalforcedirection)centrespacingMinimumtolerancedistanceMaximumallowabledistance(whicheverissmaller)Locationandorientationname表3螺栓或铆钉的最大、最小容许距离注：(1)d0为螺栓孔或铆钉孔直径，t为外层较薄板件的厚度；

(2)钢板边缘与刚性构件(如角钢、槽钢等)相连的螺栓或铆钉的最大间距，可按中间排的数值采用。螺栓的排列要求RequirementsforthearrangementofboltsTable3MaximumandminimumallowabledistancesofboltsorrivetsNote:(1)d0isthediameterofboltholeorrivethole,andtisthethicknessofouterplate;(2)Themaximumdistancebetweentheboltsorrivetsconnectedwiththesteelplateedgeandtherigidmember(suchasAnglesteel,channelsteel,etc.)canbeadoptedaccordingtothevalueofthemiddlerow.1.2d0OtherboltsorrivetsHighstrengthboltsRollededges,automaticprecisiongascuttingorsawnedges1.5d0CutedgeorhandgascutedgeVerticalinternalforcedirection2d04d0or8tFollowthedirectionofinternalforcescentreTothestructurepieceedgeMarginInthediagonaldirection16d0或24tpullingforce12d0或18tpressureFollowthedirectionofinternalforces16d0或24tVerticalinternalforcedirectionmiddlespace3d08d0或12tOutwardrow(verticalinternalforcedirectionorinternalforcedirection)centrespacingMinimumtolerancedistanceMaximumallowabledistance(whicheverissmaller)Locationandorientationname表3螺栓或铆钉的最大、最小容许距离注：(1)d0为螺栓孔或铆钉孔直径，t为外层较薄板件的厚度；

(2)钢板边缘与刚性构件(如角钢、槽钢等)相连的螺栓或铆钉的最大间距，可按中间排的数值采用。螺栓的排列要求RequirementsforthearrangementofboltsTable3MaximumandminimumallowabledistancesofboltsorrivetsNote:(1)d0isthediameterofboltholeorrivethole,andtisthethicknessofouterplate;(2)Themaximumdistancebetweentheboltsorrivetsconnectedwiththesteelplateedgeandtherigidmember(suchasAnglesteel,channelsteel,etc.)canbeadoptedaccordingtothevalueofthemiddlerow.边距：垂直于内力方向，螺栓中心至构件边缘距离。中距中距边距边距端距NN中距：螺栓中心至螺栓中心距离。端距：螺栓中心至构件边缘距离，平行于内力方向。螺栓的排列要求RequirementsforthearrangementofboltsEdgedistance:perpendiculartothedirectionofinternalforce,thedistancebetweentheboltcenterandtheedgeofthemember.Middledistance:distancebetweenthecenteroftheboltandthecenterofthebolt.Enddistance:distancebetweenboltcenterandmemberedge,paralleltothedirectionofinternalforce.EnddistanceMediandistancemarginmarginMediandistance端距端距中距边距线距3d02d03d01.5d01.5d03d03d02d0端距边距1.5d0(1.2d0)2d02d01.5d03d0端距并列错列图3螺栓最小容许距离螺栓的排列要求RequirementsforthearrangementofboltsEnddistanceEnddistancemisalignmentmarginmarginEnddistanceFIG.3MinimumallowabledistanceofboltMediandistanceEnddistanceSidebysideLinepitchmargin螺栓的识图Diagramrecognitionofbolts螺栓的识图Diagramrecognitionofbolts1.Thintenlinesindicatesthepositioningline2.Mindicatesthepositioningline3.φindicatesthedia