2025年高考英语二轮复习热点题型专练：完形填空说明文（含答案）

2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练专题14完形

填空说明文含答案专题14完形填空说明文

目录

题型综述........................................................................2

解题攻略........................................................................2

题型01利用语义复现解题.........................................................2

题型02利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题

题型03利用逻辑关系解题.........................................................4

题型04利用语境暗示分析法解题...................................................5

高考练场

♦题型简介

说明文是高考英语完形填空中的一种并不常考文体，其主要功能是介绍、解释或说明事物的特征、本

质、性能、状态、用途、原理等。与记叙文相比，说明文的语言更加简练、平实、准确，通常采用客观

描述。文章主题明确，层次分明，作者通常在文章开头就点明说明对象。

♦命题类型

>词汇选择题：主要考查名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词在具体语境中的运用。

>逻辑关系题：考查考生对文章逻辑关系的理解，需要根据上下文的逻辑关系进行选择。

>语境理解题：要求考生在理解上下文的基础上，选择最合适的词汇。

♦解题思路

•抓住首句，明确说明对象：首句通常不设空，提供了文章的主题或说明对象，帮助考生快速把握文

章的大意。

•理清段落关系：通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面进行说明的，概括

每一段的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系。

•弄清说明顺序，把握文章脉络：作者在说明过程中会选择合理的说明顺序（如时间顺序、空间顺

序、逻辑顺序等），把握这些顺序有助于理解文章的整体结构。

•关注语境和逻辑：在选择答案时，要结合上下文的语境和逻辑关系，确保所选词汇使文章意思通

顺、逻辑合理。

•先易后难，逐步推进：先解决那些容易判断的空格，再逐步处理较难的题目，避免在难题上耗费过

多时间。

02

技巧一：利用语义复现解题

【题型诠释】

复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根

词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况，理

解文章的结构和语境利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。它包括：1.原词复现；2.同义复现；3.反

义复现；4.代词复现等。

提分秘籍

Fin

该类题是完形填空中比较简单的，也是送分题。要仔细阅读，但是这些词可能隐藏的比较深；上文

可能暗示下文答案，下文可能暗示上文答案，甚至上下文信息相P券丽，因此要注意集中寻找这些暗示

信息。

典例剖析

［示例］Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthe

stageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis_41—processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy

42.experienceatcollegeforthebetter:IdiscoveredASL-AmericanSignLanguage（美式手语）.

41.A.searchingB.planningC.naturalD.formal

［示例］Goodmannersatmealtimeshelpyouandthosearoundyoutofeel49.Thisistrueathomeasmuchasit

istrueinsomeoneelse'shomeorinarestaurant.Good50makemealsmoreenjoyableforeveryoneatthetable.

50.A.dishesB.mannersC.atmospheresD.friends

技巧二：利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题

【题型诠释】

在完形填空中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要

词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们

快速确定某些题目的正确答案。

提分秘籍

考生在解答该类问题时,要善于把握与作者的写作态度、感悟面笏目关的词汇,特别是某些形容

词、副词。这类题型主现性较强，心理描写较多。属于较难的题目。

典例剖析

［示伊Whenmenarehelduptogetherforalongperiod,theybegintofeeluneasy.Everyonehaslittlehabitsof

speakingandbehavingthatareordinarilyacceptable.Inthelimitedspaceoveralongperiodoftime,however,

theselittlehabitsmaybecomevery50.

50.A.pleasingB.annoyingC.commonD.valuable

［示例］…gotmerock-bottompricesonairfares,cars,andhotels.Buthercoldvoicereally28me.

28.A.annoyedB.interestedC.discouragedD.confused

技巧三：利用逻辑关系解题

【题型诠释】

在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不

无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与

句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推

测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。

提分秘籍

这种逻辑关系包括：（1）

句中逻辑关系；（2）句间逻辑关系：往往通过车斯、让步、遹8、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当

然，句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部，它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上,在句与句之间表

典例剖析

［示例］Areyourtablemannersmuchbetterwhenyouareeatingatafriend^homeorinarestaurantthantheyare

atyourownhome?Probablyso,45youareawarethatpeoplejudgeyoubyyourtablemanners.

45.A.becauseB.butC.unlessD.though

［示伊AsaFrenchgraduatewhohastaughtformorethantwenty-fiveyears,IbelieveIhavesomeideaofwhy

thefailureissototal.55thefaultsalreadyfoundoutintheeducationsystemasawhole-suchas

child-centeredlearning,the“discovery“method,andthelowexpectationsbyteachersofpupils-therehavebeen

severalserious56whichhaveadirecteffectonlanguageteaching.

55.A.DuetoB.InadditiontoC.InsteadofD.Inspiteof

技巧四：利用语境暗示分析法解题

【题型诠释】

在句组层次题中,有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确

答案。完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和词的辨析、句子结构的考查等，但对文章故事情节发展

线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。

提分秘籍

□口陶国

暗示与上下对应的思维方法，是突破此类完形埴空最关键的思维方式。考生在做题时要有全局观

念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的

推理判断。难选之处前后通常多有暗示，这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。

典例剖析

［示例］Hehadalwaysbeeninterestedinmedicineandhadreadabook,whichdiscussedtheideaofhowbody

chemistryandhealthcanbedamagedbyemotionalstressandnegative__47_.ThebookmadeCousinsthink

aboutthepossible_48—ofpositiveattitudesandemotions.

47.A.attitudesB.beliefsC.goalsD.positions

48.A.shortcomingB.harmC.benefitD.interest

［示例］Whenyourevise,youchangeaspectsofyourworkin54toyourevolvingpurpose,ortoinclude55

ideasornewlydiscoveredinformation.

55.A.fixedB.ambitiousC.familiarD.fresh

03高考练场

（2022全国乙卷）

Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there?ssomethinghighly

excitingabout41someoneelse'sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.

However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably42athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheir

eyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies43.

Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly

“egocentric”（自我中心的）creatures.Butour45researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology46

thatidea.

Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each47satdownwith

anadultwhocoveredherowneyesor48.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould49orheartheadult.

Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn't.Thesame50happenedwhentheadultcoveredherown

mouth:51childrensaidthattheycouldn,t52toher.

Anumberof53ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswere

clear:Ouryoungsubjects54thequestionsandknew55whatwasaskedofthem.Their56tothe

questionsreflectedtheirtrue57that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.^^Theysimply58mutual

（相互的）recognitionandregard.Our59suggestwhenachild“hides“byputtingablanketoverherhead,itis

notaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod60whenothersuseit.

41.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.directing

42.A.cleverB.badC.scaredD.quick

43.A.exposedB.examinedC.untouchedD.imbalanced

44.A.supportedB.guaranteedC.imaginedD.interpreted

45.A.disappointingB.mixedC.surprisingD.desired

46.A.explainedB.confirmedC.contradictedD.tested

47.A.parentB.childC.researcherD.doctor

48.A.feetB.noseC.handsD.ears

49.A.seeB.helpC.reachD.fool

50.A.eventB.thingC.actionD.accident

51.A.YetB.NowC.SoonD.Once

52.A.speakB.listenC.turnD.wave

53.A.instructionsB.descriptionsC.experimentsD.assumptions

54.A.comprehendedB.predictedC.exploredD.ignored

55.A.partlyB.honestlyC.vaguelyD.exactly

56.A.responsesB.approachesC.contributionD.sensitivity

57.A.abilityB.beliefC.identityD.purpose

58.A.holdbackB.relatetoC.insistonD.makeup

59.A.limitationsB.requirementsC.theoriesD.findings

60.A.tentativeB.impressiveC.creativeD.effective

（2018年上海高考）

When17-year-oldQuattroMusserhangsoutwithfriends,theydon*tdrinkbeerorcruisearoundincarswith

theirdates.1,theysticktoG-ratedactivitiessuchasrock-climbingortalkingaboutbooks.

Theyareingoodcompany,accordingtoanewstudyshowingthatteenagersareincreasinglydelaying

activitiesthathadlongbeenseenasritesofpassageinto2.Thestudy,publishedTuesdayinthejournalChild

Development,foundthatthepercentageofadolescentsintheU.S.whohaveadriver'slicense,whohavetried

alcohol,whodate,andwhoworkforpayhasplummetedsince1976,withthemostprecipitous（急居U的）3inthe

pastdecade.Thedeclinesappearedacrossrace,geographic,andsocioeconomiclines,andinrural,urban,and

suburbanareas.

Tobesure,morethanhalfofteensstillengageintheseactivities,butthe4haveslimmedconsiderably.

Teenshavealsoreportedasteadydeclineinsexualactivityinrecentdecades,astheportionofhighschool

studentswhohavehadsexfellfrom54percentin1991to41percentin2015,accordingtoCentersforDisease

Controlstatistics,uPeoplesay,'Oh,it'sbecauseteenagersaremoreresponsible,ormorelazy,ormoreboring,*but

they're5thelargertrend,1'saidJeanTwenge,leadauthorofthestudy,whichdrewonsevenlargetime-lag

surveysofAmericans.Rather,shesaid,kidsmaybeless6inactivitiessuchasdating,drivingorgettingjobs

becauseintoday'ssociety,theynolongerneedto.

Accordingtoanevolutionarypsychologytheorythataperson'snlifestrategy"slowsdownorspeedsup

dependingonhisorher7,exposuretoa"harshandunpredictable11environmentleadstofasterdevelopment,

whileamoreresource-richandsecureenvironmenthasthe8effect,thestudysaid.Inthefirst9,"You'dhave

alotofkidsandbeinsurvivalmode,starthavingkidsyoung,expectyourkidswillhavekidsyoung,andexpect

thattherewillbemore10andfewerresources,"saidTwenge,apsychologyprofessoratSanDiegoState

UniversitywhoistheauthorofniGen：WhyToday'sSuper-ConnectedKidsAreGrowingUpLessRebellious,

MoreTolerant,LessHappy-andCompletelyUnpreparedforAdulthood.1'

Inthatmodelateenageboymightbethinkingmore11aboutmarriage,anddrivingacarandworkingfor

paywouldbeimportantfor“establishingmatevaluebasedonprocurementofresources/thestudysaid.But

Americaisshiftingmoretowardthe12model,andthechangeisapparentacrossthesocioeconomicspectrum,

Twengesaid.uEveninfamilieswhoseparentsdidn'thaveacollegeeducation...familiesaresmaller,andtheidea

thatchildrenneedtobecarefully13hasreallysunkin.44The14of41adultactivities"couldnotbeattributed

tomorehomeworkorextracurricularactivities,thestudysaid,notingthatteenstodayspendfewerhourson

homeworkandthesameamountoftimeonextracurricularsastheydidinthe1990s（withtheexceptionof

communityservice,whichhasrisenslightly）.NorcouldtheuseofsmartphonesandtheInternetbeentirelythe

15,thereportsaid,sincethedeclinebeganbeforetheywerewidelyavailable.Ifthedelayistomakeroomfor

creativeexplorationandformingbettersocialandemotionalconnections,itisagoodthing,hesaid.

1.A.ThereforeB.RatherC.MoreoverD.Besides

2.A.childhoodB.neighborhoodC.adolescentsD.adulthood

3.A.escapesB.endsC.decreasesD•changes

4.A.minoritiesB.majoritiesC.massesD.amounts

5.A.takingB.avoidingC.sendingD.missing

6.A.interestedB.enviedC.relievedD.realized

7.A.emotionsB.surroundingsC.customsD.habits

8.A.wrongB.sameC.oppositeD.similar

9.A.eventB.issueC.caseD.occasion

10.A.troubleB.questionsC.benefitsD.diseases

11.A.respectivelyB.delicatelyC.seriouslyD.considerably

12.A.slowerB.betterC.smallerD.faster

13.A.emphasizedB.relatedC.organizedD.educated

14.A.implementB.postponementC.achievementD.payment

15.A.causeB.impactC.factD.result

变式演练

A

（24-25高三上•山东•阶段练习）China9sspaceexplorationhasonceagainachievedagreatsuccess.The

launchoftheShenzhou-19spacecraftwasamemorablemomentforallChinese,markingthebeginningofanew

1_inChina'sspacejourney.

TheLongMarch-2Frocketwastheperfect2forthisimportantmissionwithitsimpressiveappearance

andstabletechnology,andtheastronautsunderwent3training.

Atzeroseconds,witheveryone'shearts4,therocketsoaredintothesky,leavingatrailoffireand

smoke.BackonEarth,peoplewatchedthelaunchonTVand5theastronauts9progressthroughlivebroadcast.

Thesuccessfullaunchandoperationofthespacecraft6China'sabilitytocompetewiththeworld'sleading

spaceagencies.

Duringthemission,theastronautswillhave7taskstoaccomplish.Theywill8scientific

experimentsandprepareforfuturemissions.Theywillalsotaketimetoenjoythebeautiful9ofEarthfrom

space.TheShenzhou-19spacecraftissupposedto10itsmissionaftersixmonthsinspace.Thesuccessofthe

missionwillinspiremanyyoungpeopletopursuetheirdreamsofbecomingastronauts.

Since2003,witheachnewmission,Chinahasshownitsabilityto11andpushtheboundariesofhuman

knowledge.Andwithitsstrongscientificandtechnological12,Chinaissuretomakegreaterachievementsin

thefuture.

TheShenzhou-19missionisaconstant13ofChina'sgrowinginfluenceinspaceexploration.Itmarksa

newerainChina9sspaceexplorationand14theworld'sattentiontothecountry'sdevelopment.AsChina

continuestoprogress,wecanonlyimaginewhatthefutureholdsforthis15nation.

1.A.frameworkB.chapterC.modeD.platform

2.A.optionB.combinationC.locationD.definition

3.A.dramaticB.appealingC.flexibleD.demanding

4.A.beatingB.sinkingC.racingD.melting

5.A.followedB.documentedC.monitoredD.noticed

6.A.facilitatedB.identifiedC.clarifiedD.demonstrated

7.A.multipleB.urgentC.physicalD.risky

8.A.drawonB.carryoutC.bringupD.dealwith

9.A.imagesB.fieldsC.sightsD.figures

10.A.summarizeB.occupyC.interruptD.complete

11.A.wonderB.innovateC.sustainD.apply

12.A.expansionB.backgroundC.introductionD.competence

13.A.reminderB.warningC.operationD.factor

14.A.referB.limitsC.absorbsD.connects

15.A.humbleB.powerfulC.reliableD.generous

B

（24-25高三上•河南濮阳•阶段练习）Mostworthwhilecareersrequiresomekindofspecializedtraining.

Ideally,thechoiceofan16shouldbemadeevenbeforethechoiceofthecurriculum（课程）inhighschool.

17,manypeoplejusthaveafewideasbouncingaroundintheirmindsandmostpeoplemakeseveraljobchoices

duringtheirworkinglives,18becauseofeconomicandindustrialchangesandpartlytoimprovetheir

positions.Actually,the"perfectjob“doesnotexist.Youngpeopleshouldenterintoabroadflexibletraining

programthatwillpreparethemforafieldofworkratherthanjustforasingle19.

Unfortunately,manyyoungpeoplehavetomakecareerplans20gettingproperhelpfromacompetent

occupationalcounselor（置业顾问）orpsychologist.Knowing21abouttheoccupationalworld,orthemselves

forthatmatter,theychoosetheirlifeworkonahit-or-miss22.Somedriftfromjobtojob.Others23toa

pieceofworkinwhichtheyareunhappyandforwhichtheyarenotfitted.

Onecommonmistakeischoosinganoccupationforits24prestige（声望）.Toomanyhighschool

students-ortheirparents-chooseaprofessionalfield,25boththerelativelysmallpercentageofworkersin

theprofessionandtheextremelyhigheducationalandpersonal26.Theimaginaryprestigeofaprofessionis

27goodreasonforchoosingitasalifetime'swork.Whafsworse,theseoccupationsarenotalwayswellpaid.

Sincealargepercentageofjobsaremechanicalandmanualwork,the28ofyoungpeopleshouldgive

serious29tothesefields.

Beforemakinganoccupationalchoice,apersonshouldhaveageneralideaofwhathe/shewantsoutoflife

andhowhardhe/sheiswillingtoworktogetit.Somepeopledesiresocialprestige,othersintellectualsatisfaction.

Somewantsecurity;othersarewillingtotake30forfinancialgain.Eachoccupationalchoicehasits

demandsaswellasitsrewards.So,youmustbecarefulordosomecareeraptitudetestsbeforemakingthefinal

choicetogetaheadstart.

16.A.identificationB.accommodationC.entertainmentD.occupation

17.A.OtherwiseB.HoweverC.ThusD.Therefore

18.A.thoroughlyB.mainlyC.usuallyD.partly

19.A.meansB.jobC.taleD.certificate

20.A.withoutB.viaC.w汕D.through

21.A.littleB.moreC.muchD.less

22.A.chanceB.purposeC.basisD.mixture

23.A.applyB.appealC.accuseD.stick

24.A.imaginaryB.inspirationalC.generousD.greedy

25.A.concerningB.followingC.ignoringD.considering

26.A.prioritiesB.requirementsC.tendenciesD.ambitions

27.A.oneB.anyC.theD.no

28.A.majorityB.chorusC.minorityD.number

29.A.proposalB.profileC.approvalD.consideration

30.A.turnsB.partsC.risksD.choices

(24-25高三上•黑龙江大庆•期中)DuringtheNov.11shoppingevent,manypeopletendtobuymore

thantheyneedbecauseofsalesandpromotionorjustaplainurge.Butwhatnormally31theshopping

madnessisnot32butregret.Thafsbecausemanypeoplejustbuythingstofilltheemptinessintheirhearts,

butaccumulatingthingsactually33theburdenintheirminds.

TheconceptofDansharimayprovidea(n)34totheproblem.DanshariisbasedonthreeChinese

characters,duansheli,35refusal,disposalandseparation.Itpromotestheideaofremoving36things

andseparatingoneselffromthedrivetoown37possessions.Therearetwobasicrulesthat38whether

youshouldkeepsomething-therelationshipbetweenyouandtheitemunder39aswellasthetiming.So

beforeyou40yourpaymentpasswordforsomething,askyourselftwoquestions:DoIneeditnow?Doesit

suitme?

Danshariencouragesyounotonlyto41things,buttogiveuptheunreasonabledesireassociatedwith

owningthem.Nowadays,peopleneedtolearnto42theirdailylives.Buyonlythenecessitiesandsuitable

items,regularly43thingsyoudon'tneedanymore,andthenyou511getfreedominyourheart.

However,itdoesn'tmeanthatyoushouldkillyourdesireandlivealessinterestinglife.Instead,youshould

44yourselfratherthanmaterialgoods.Through45whattobuyandwhattothrowaway,youcanseea

deeperreflectionofyourself,thereforelearningtomakewisedecisionsaboutmoreimportantthings.

31.A.preventsB.promotesC.startsD.follows

32.A.satisfactionB.wealthC.reliefD.expectation

33.A.measuresB.coversc.relievesD.indicates

34.A.limitB.alternativec.solutionD.introduction

35.A.abolishingB.meaningc.violatingD•predicting

36.A.unnecessaryB.temporaryC.usedD.updated

37.A.privateB.valuableC.materialD.popular

38.A.proveB.permitC.decideD.affect

39.A.guaranteeB.controlC.discussionD.consideration

40.A.changeB.enterC.provideD.create

41.A.getoverB.getalongwithC.getridofD.getthrough

42.A.fixB.riskC.enrichD.simplify

43.A.discoverB.recycleC.cherishD.abandon

44.A.reflectonB.focusonC.giveupD.cheerup

45.A.choosingB.avoidingC.comparingD.mentioning

D

（24-25高三上•河北邯郸•阶段练习）Everymorningat4:30a.m.,YangHe,a64-year-oldphotographer,

wakesupinthe46hoursanddrivestothebanksoftheYangtzeRiverinYichang,Hubeiprovince.Upon

arrival,hepatientlywaitsthereforfinlessporpoises（江月豕）tocomeoutfromthewater,hopingto47their

beauty.

Asadevoted48offinlessporpoises,Yanghastakenmorethan100,000vividphotosofthe49

speciesinthepastsixyears.4tIknowthisgroupoffinlessporpoisesvery50.Theyarejustlikemychildren,

hesays.

YangtzefinlessporpoisesaresoconnectedtotheYangtzeRiverthatanychangeinthehealthofitcan

supportorthreatentheir51.“Ifirst52afinlessporpoiseasateenagerwhentherewerefarfewerboats

ontheRiver.Iwould53seethempursuingboatsastheymadetheirwaydowntheriver,9,Yangsays,adding

thatashumanactivityincreased,theybecomerare.

Overthepastfewdecades,however,significantmeasureshavebeen54tochangethefateofthis

species.In2017,Yangwasfortunateenoughtospotafinlessporpoiseafteralong55.Overthelastfiveyears

alone,thepopulationofYangtzefinlessporpoiseshasincreasedto1,249,markinga56of23.4percent.

Today,groupsofthesecreaturescanonceagainbe57leapingabovethewater'ssurface.

“IwillcontinuetotakemorebeautifulphotosofthemaslongasIamableto58acameraandkeepa（n）

59onthem,^^Yangsays,addingthathewillmakeithislife9smissionto60theseremarkablecreatures.

46.A.officeB.smallC.bigD.rush

47.A.reflectB.inquireC.photographD.justify

48.A.admirerB.specialistC.keeperD.subscriber

49.A.motivatedB.endangeredC.occupiedD.caged

50.A.furtherB.slightlyC.littleD.well

51.A.comprehensionB.weightC.survivalD.vision

52.A.picturedB.trainedC.reservedD.encountered

53.A.frequentlyB.rarelyC.occasionallyD.never

54.A.calledoffB.carriedoutC.putasideD.gotacross

55.A.referenceB.inquiryc.gapD.inference

56.A.declineB.tendencyC.shareD.rise

57.A.justifiedB.expectedC.observedD.dominated

58.A.holdB.abandonc.deserveD.polish

59.A.paceB.earc.secretD.eye

60.A.advocateB.documentc.transformD.donate

专题14完形填空说明文

目录

题型综述........................................................................2

解题攻略........................................................................2

题型01利用语义复现解题.........................................................2

题型02利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题

题型03利用逻辑关系解题.........................................................4

题型04利用语境暗示分析法解题...................................................5

高考练场

♦题型简介

说明文是高考英语完形填空中的一种并不常考文体，其主要功能是介绍、解释或说明事物的特征、本

质、性能、状态、用途、原理等。与记叙文相比，说明文的语言更加简练、平实、准确，通常采用客观

描述。文章主题明确，层次分明，作者通常在文章开头就点明说明对象。

♦命题类型

>词汇选择题：主要考查名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词在具体语境中的运用。

>逻辑关系题：考查考生对文章逻辑关系的理解，需要根据上下文的逻辑关系进行选择。

>语境理解题：要求考生在理解上下文的基础上，选择最合适的词汇。

♦解题思路

•抓住首句，明确说明对象：首句通常不设空，提供了文章的主题或说明对象，帮助考生快速把握文

章的大意。

•理清段落关系：通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面进行说明的，概括

每一段的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系。

•弄清说明顺序，把握文章脉络：作者在说明过程中会选择合理的说明顺序（如时间顺序、空间顺

序、逻辑顺序等），把握这些顺序有助于理解文章的整体结构。

•关注语境和逻辑：在选择答案时，要结合上下文的语境和逻辑关系，确保所选词汇使文章意思通

顺、逻辑合理。

•先易后难，逐步推进：先解决那些容易判断的空格，再逐步处理较难的题目，避免在难题上耗费过

多时间。

技巧一：利用语义复现解题

【题型诠释】

复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根

词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况，理

解文章的结构和语境利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。它包括：1.原词复现；2.同义复现；3.反

义复现；4.代词复现等。

提分秘籍

Fin

该类题是完形填空中比较简单的，也是送分题。要仔细阅读，但是这些词可能隐藏的比较深；上文

可能暗示下文答案，下文可能暗示上文答案，甚至上下文信息相P券丽，因此要注意集中寻找这些暗示

信息。

典例剖析

［示例］Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthe

stageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis_41—processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy

42.experienceatcollegeforthebetter:IdiscoveredASL-AmericanSignLanguage（美式手语）.

41.A.searchingB.planningC.naturalD.formal

［解析］A本题可利用语义复现解题。由上文中的explorenewaspectsoflife可知，所填词与explore（探索）

在词义上相近，故选searching（寻找）。planning计划；natural自然的；formal正式的。

［