规范及制图基本知识1绪论3制图工具2制图规范4几何作图70

1、Introduction

绪

论

3、DrawingTools

制图工具DrawingStandardandDrawingBasicKnowledge规范及制图基本知识Project1项目一

2、DrawingStandards

制图规范

4、GeometricConstruction

几何作图2.1Sizeandlayoutofdrawingsheets

图纸幅面和格式

（GB/T14689—2008）

Titleblock标题栏（GB/T10609.1—2008）2.3Lettering字体（GB/T14691—1993）2.2Scale

比例（GB/T14690—1993）2.4Linestyles图线（GB/T4457.4—2002）

2、DrawingStandards制图标准2.5Dimensioning

尺寸注法（GB/T4458.4—2003）1261147116821892210225236301051A4

5A4

4A4

3A084111890A15941486178320802378A3

3A3

4891420A2297A3210A4幅面的尺寸由基本幅面的短边成整数倍增加后得出。必要时，可以按规定加长图纸的幅面。图中虚线为加长后的图纸幅面。2.1Basicformats

基本幅面（GB/T

14689

—

2008）Formatscode

幅面代号Dimensions尺寸

B×LaeA0841×11891020A1594×841420×59410A3297×4205A4210×297Margin周边A225cDrawingsheetswithoutbindingarea不需要装订的图框格式cTitleblock标题栏X型

Y型LBc

c

aLTitleblock标题栏Bc

a

cMargin

周边Borderlines

图框线Paperboder纸边界线c2.1Basicformats

基本幅面（GB/T

14689

—

2008）Drawingsheetswithbindingarea

需要装订的图框格式Titleblocks标题栏X型Y型LBccacLTitleblocks标题栏B

ccac2.1Basicformats

基本幅面（GB/T

14689

—

2008）Titleblock标题栏（GB/T10609.1—2008）学校的制图作业中常采用简化的标题栏，建议采用推荐的尺寸与格式Titleblockofnationalstandard

标准标题栏Practiceusingthetitleblock练习用标题栏2.2Scale

比例（GB/T14690—

1993）Scaleforactualdimensions

原值比例1:1

Downscale

缩小比例(1:1.5)1:2(1:2.5)1:3(1:4)1:5(1:6)1:1×10n

(1:1.5×10n)1:2×10n

(1:2.5×10n)

(1:4×10n)1:5×10n

(1:6×10n)Enlargementscale

放大比例2:1(2.5:1)(4:1)5:11×10n:12.5×10n:1

(4×10n:1)5×10n:1Thesizeofthedrawing图形尺寸Thesizeoftheobject实物尺寸英国工程制图比例示例尽量不选用括号内的比例,以方便换算英国工程制图比例2.2Scale

比例（GB/T14690—

1993）2.3Lettering

字体（GB/T14691—1993）Thefontfor

Chinesecharactersshouldbethe“FangSong”汉字为长仿宋体Thefontforallcharacterscanbeinitalicfont数字、字母均为斜体Description

图线名称Linestyles图线型式Width图线宽度Usage应用举例Continuousthickline粗实线dVisibleoutlinesandedges

可见轮廓线，可见棱边线Continuousthinline细实线d/2Dimensionslines,leaderlines,sectionhatchinglinesoutlineofcoincidencesections,rootofthreadsandgears尺寸线及尺寸界线、剖面线、重合断面的轮廓线、螺纹的牙底线及齿轮的齿根线、引出线ContinuousthinIrregularline波浪线d/2Boundarylinesforbrokenviews,boundarylinesbetweenaregularviewandsectionviews

断裂处的分界线、视图与剖视的分界线Continuousthinstraightlinewithintermittentzigzags

双折线d/2Boundarylinesforbrokenviews

断裂处的分界线Thinlongdashedline细虚线d/2Hiddenedges,hiddenoutlines

不可见轮廓线,不可见棱边线

Thicklongdashedline粗虚线dLinestyleforsurfaceswithsurface-treatment

允许表面处理的表示线Thinlongdasheddottedline

细点画线d/2Axislines,symmetricalcenterlines

轴线、对称中心线Thicklongdasheddottedline

粗点画线dCuttingplaneforsectionviews

限定范围表示线Thinlongdasheddoubledottedline细双点画线d/2Outlineofadjacentalternativeparts,extremepositionsofmovingparts,andimaginaryterminationlines

相邻辅助零件的轮廓线、可动零件极限位置的轮廓线、中断线

Linestyles

图线（GB/T4457.4—2002）

2.4Linestyles

图线（GB/T4457.4—2002）

Axisline,thindasheddottedline

轴线，细点画线Centerline,thindasheddottedline

中心线，细点画线Visibleedgesandoutlines,continuousthickline可见边及轮廓线，粗实线

Dimensionline,continuousthinline

尺寸线，细实线

Extensionline,continuousthinline

尺寸界线，细实线Boundarybetweenviewandsectionview,continuousthinirregularline视图与剖视图分界线，波浪线Boundarylineofbrokenpart,continuousthinstraightlinewithintermittentzigzags断裂处的边界线,双折线Adjacentpartedge，thinlongdasheddoubledottedline相邻零件的轮廓线，细双点画线Hiddenedges,thindashedline

不可见轮廓线，细虚线Theexampleoflinestyles图线的应用示例

Drawingofsymmetricalcenterlines对称中心线的画法Correct正确

Smallcircle小圆形Wrong

错误Thecenterofacircle

shouldconnectwiththeline圆心应是线段相交Shouldbelonger

thanthesegment过短，应加长些Shouldleavesomespace3~5mm应保留3~5mmBothendsofathinlongdasheddottedlinecan'tbedotted点画线两端应是线，不应是点Thecenterofacircleshouldconnectwiththeline圆心应是线段相交Shouldbeashortline,notadot

应是短线,而不是圆点Toolong超出轮廓过长Usethinlinesifthediameterofacircleislessthen12mm

直径小于12mm时画细实线

2.4Linestyles

图线（GB/T4457.4—2002）

Drawingofthinlongdashedlines

细虚线连接处的画法虚线与粗实线相连处应留出空隙虚线与其他线相交处不留空隙wrong错误correct正确a)

b)

Fig.1-14Drawingofthinlongdashedlines细虚线连接处的画法a)Wrong错误b)Correct正确

2.4Lines