初中英语八年级下册Unit 1-Unit 10 单词+重点语法讲解与训练

【致胜中考2021】一轮复习:八下U1词汇+语法讲解

【单词默写】

意思单词词性意思单词词性

生病的；有病的岩石

疼痛的；酸痛的情况；状况

晒伤的勇气；意志

离开（某处）；不工作；从……去掉（交通）事故；

意外遭遇

胃；腹部胃痛；腹痛

绷带咽喉；喉咙

血牙痛

间歇；休息问题：苦恼

登山者；攀登者X射线；X光

死亡；死限制；约束；

管理

决定；抉择咳嗽

发烧危险；风险；

冒限

脚；足向；朝

头痛她自己

重要性；重要我们自己

千克；公斤用绷带包扎

膝盖；膝呼吸

刀击；打

事情，事件（使）疼痛;受伤

颈；脖子躺；平躺

鼻出血意思是；打算：

意欲

护士放松：休息

乘客；旅客

【单词变形】

单词三单过去式过去分词现在分词

bandage

breathe

hit

hurt

lie

mean

rest

control

cough

risk

单词复数单词复数单词复数

stomachimportancerock

bandagekilosituation

bloodkneespirit

breakknifeacciden:

climbermatterstomachache

deathneckthroat

decisionnosebleedtoothache

fevernursetrouble

footpassengerheadache

【单词变性】

sick形容词变名词

climber名词变动词

death名词变形容词

decision名词变动词

importance名词变形容词

spirit名词变形容词

accident名词变形容词

breathe动词变名词

mean动词变名词

【一词多义】

1.off_____________________________________________________

OnNationalDay,wehaveaweekoff,soweplantotraveltosomewhereinteresting.

Assoonashewentintotheroom,hetookhiscoatoffhisshoulder.

Thesuperstarhasbeenoffforanhour.However;thefansarestillthere.

Theclothesaresold20%offtoday.Let/sgoandbuysome.

以。仟结尾动词词组

breakoffturnoff

cleanofftakeoff

cutoffshutoff

getoffsetoff

giveoffseesb.off

gooffputoff

2.break

It's1200.Let'stakeabreak.

Whobrokethevase?

break的短语：

breakInbreakoff

breakoutbreakdown

breakup_____________

3.matter______________________________________

What'sthematterwithyou?

Itdoesn'tmatter.

Itsomehowmattersthatyoushouldgetintoagooduniversity.

4.risk___________________________

Austinriskshislifeinadangeroussituation.

AustintakesarisktoclimbtheQomolangma.

5.hurt__________________________________________

Thelittleboyhurthimselfbecausehefelloffhisbike.

Marygotbadlyhurtafterthecaraccident.

MyfingerishurtbecauseIcarelesslycutmyself.

6.lie______________________________________________

Thefatboyalwaysliesinbedassoonashefinisheseating.

HangzhouliesinthenorthofZhejiang.

Heisnotanhonestboybecauseheoftentellslies.

Whenheislateforschool,heliestohisteacher.

7.mean____________________________

ImeanthatwecanbringabirthdaycakeforJane.

Idon'tmeantohurthim.

8.rest__________________

Somestudentsareplayingfootballontheplaygroundwhiletherestofthemareplayingvolleyball.

Wewilltakearestbetweenclasses.

【词汇用法】

1.matter:what'sthematter?/ltmatters./ltdoesn'tmatter.

2.身体部位

头嘴巴喉咙

眼睛脸肩膀

鼻子脖子手臂

耳朵牙齿手

肚子腿胃

脚膝盖

3.sore:adj./asoreback

近义词辨析：

sore:cdj./asoreback

hurt:sdj./mybackishurt./v./mybackhurts.

-ache:headache/backache/stomachache

pain:n./apaininmyback

4.hurt:v./Theknifemayhurtyourfinger./Mybackishurtbythebigstone./Mybackhurtsbadly./adj./Mybackis

badlyhurt.

近义词辨析：

sore:cdj./asoreback

hurt:cdj./mybackishurt./v./mybackhurts.

-ache:headache/backache/stomachache

pain:n./apainInmyback

【高频短语】

takeabreaktakearisk

makeadecisionbreathein

haveafeverbreatheout

onfootgethurt

maketroublehitsb.ontheback

introublehitsb.intheface

havetrouble(in)doingsth.takearest

byaccidentmeantodo

incontrolmeandoing

outofcontrol

【攻占语法】

情景对话

一、表建议的表达：

1.情杰动词(can/could)

2.情杰动词(should)

3.You'dbetterdo

4.Whynotdo

5.Whydonztyoudo

6.Whataboutdoing

7.Howaboutdoing

二、表感谢的表达:

1.Thankyou

2.Thanksforyourhelp

3.You'rewelcome.

4.It'smypleasure.

三、表邀请的表达：

1.Wouldyoulike/loveto...

2.I'dlike/loveto...

3.I'msorry,but...

四、表介意的表达：

1.Wouldyoumind(sb.)doingsth.

2.No,please.

3.Yes,+reasons

4.Tmsorry,but...

5.notabit.

6.notreally

【词汇练习】

1.Tnerewasanainthestreetjustnow.Acarhitanoldman.

2.Hecuthimselfinthekitchen.Givehimab,please.

3.Jacklostalotofbintheaccidentandwesenthimtothehospitala:once.

4.Lisaplayedcomputergamesallweekend.Shereallyneedstotakebawayfromthecomputer.

5.Whentheystoodatthetopofthehighmountain,theyfeltithardtob.

6.HeisoneofthemostfamouscwhogotontheQomolangma.

7.Tomchisangeranddidn'tlosehistemper,thoughhewasveryangry.

8.Ihadacoldlastweekandcbadly,soIhadtogotothedoctor's.

9.Maryisverysadbecauseofthedofherdog.Shehaskeptitforfiveyears.

10.Beforewemakead,wemustthinktwiceorwemaycommunicatewithourparents.

11.LittleTomcaughtahighf.Hisbodytemperaturewasashighas39℃

12.Heusuallygoestoschoolonf.

13.Ihaveacold.MynoserunsalotandIhaveabadh.

14.Joanlookedathinthemirror.Shethoughtshewasnolongeryoung.

15.Pleaselookcarefullywhilecrossingthestreet,oryoumaygeth

16.Hisleftkneewashinatrafficaccidentandthedoctoradvisedhimnottoplaysoccer.

17.ShedecidestostudyharderaftersherealizedtheioflearningEnglish.

18.Todaymymotherbroughttwokofeggsfromthesupermarket.

19.Tieboyhurtbothofhiskwhenplayingbasketball.

20.Inwesterncountries,youshouldputyourkandforksdownontheplatesifyou'vefinishedeating.

21.TieshiphasIatthebottomoftheoceanfortwohundredyears.

22.Hewastired.SoheIdownonthesofaandsoonfellasleep.

23.WhenIgothome,IfoundmymotherIonherbed,feelingmuchpaininherhead.

24.Myteachersalwayshelpuswithschoolworknomhowtiredtheya,e.

25.Istartedtounderstandwhathem.

26.Giraffescanreachtheleavesonthetreebecauseoftheirlongn

27.Mysisterisanandsheworksinthefirstpeople'shospital.

28.Mr.GreengotothebusandthenIe代thestationforthetaxiinahurry.

29.Healthisthemostimportantthingintheworld,wemusttakegoodcareofo.

30.Ailthepareaskedtogetaboardrightnowastheplaneistakingoff.

31.Mom,Ifeeltiredafteraday'swork.Whynotstoptohavear?

32.Idon'twanttotaketherofleavingPeteraloneathomebecauseheisonly2yearsold.

33.Teenagersshouldlearnhowtoprotectthemselvesinadangerouss.

34.Shewasaverybravegirlandeveryonewhoknewheradmired（钦佩）hers.

35.Tomatetoomuchfordinner;sohehadasandwenttoadoctorlastnight.

36.IhadasoretandIcan'tspeakloudly.

37.Anniehasatandsheisgoingtoseeherdentisttoday.

38.Tnatstudentsometimesttheteacherwithhardquestions.

39.JackhastrememberingEnglishwords,soheaskshisteacherforhelp.

40.Tnemanagergavetheworkersthedayo,sotheycouldrelaxthemselves.

【语法练习】

1.—Wouldyoumindwatchingthechildren,justforasecond?

A.Sure,goahead.B.Ofcoursenot,dear!

C.Oh,don*tyoulikechildren?D.Yeah,Ihopeso.

2.—Sam,wouldyoumindifIcopiedthedocument?

A.Ofcoursenot,goaheadB.Yes,please

C.Ofcourse,doasyoulikeD.You'rewelcome

3.—Wouldyoumindturningtheradiodown?

Whichanswerisnotright?

A.Surenot,goaheadB.No,notatall

C.Y。，，Idon'tmindD.Sorry,I'lldoitrightAWAy.

4.—Thankyouforthedeliciousdinner.

A.Don'tsaythatB.Itdoesn'tmatter

C.YouaresokindD.I'mgladyouenjoyedit

5.—Weplantogooutforapicnicnextweekend.Wouldyouliketocomealong?

—.It'smyfavorite.

A.EnjoyyourselfB.ItdependsC.UptoyouD.Thatwouldbeverynice.

6.一I'mtoostressedoutthesedays.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?

—.TellmeallaboutitandI'lldowhatIcan.

A.NevermindB.NowayC.NoproblemD.Forgetit

7.—Wouldyoulikesomemorenoodles?

—No,thanks.I.

A.don'twanttoB.can'teatC.amnothungryD.I'mfull

8.—Doyouwanttoseeamovietonight?

—.Sure.

A.Goahead.B.HelpyourselfC.Me,tooD.whatagoodidea

9.—Sowehavefinallymet!Whynotsitdownandhaveacupofcoffee?

A.Soundsgreat!

B.It'sapleasuretomeetyou!

C.Tvebeenhopingtomeetyouforalongtime.

D.I'dlikeyoutomeetmyfriendJohnHopkins.

【参考答案】

意思单词词性意思单词词性

生病的；有病的sickadj.岩石rockn.

疼痛的；酸痛的soreadj.情况；状况situationn.

晒伤的sunburnedadj.勇气；意志spiritn.

离开（某处）；不工作；offadv.&prep.（交通）事故；意外accidentn.

从……去掉遭遇

胃；腹部stomachn.胃痛；腹痛stomachachen.

绷带bandagen.咽喉；喉咙throatn.

血bloodn.牙痛toothachen.

间歇；休息breakn.问题；苦恼troublen.

登山者；攀登者climbern.X射线；X光X-rayn.

死亡；死deathn.限制；约束；管理controln.&v.

决定；抉择decisionn.咳嗽coughn.&v.

发烧fevern.危险；风险；冒险riskn.&v.

脚；足footn.向；朝ontoprep.

头痛headachen.她自己herselfpron.

重要性；重要importancen.我们自己ourselvespron.

千克；公斤kilon.用绷带包扎bandageV.

膝盖；膝kneen.呼吸breatheV.

刀knifen.击；打hitV.

事情，事件mattern.（使）疼痛；受伤hurtV.

颈；脖子neckn.躺；平躺lieV.

鼻出血nosebleedn.意思是；打算；意欲meanV.

护士nursen.放松；休息restv.&n.

乘客；旅客passengern.

【单词变形】

单词三单过去式过去分词现在分词

bandagebandagesbandagedbandagedbandanging

breathebreathesbreathedbreathedbreathing

hithitshithithitting

hurthurtshurthurthurting

lielieslied/laylied/lainlying

meanmeansmeantmeantmeaning

restrestsrestedrestedresting

controlcontrolscontrolledcontrolledcontrolling

coughcoughscoughedcoughedcoughing

riskrisksriskedriskedrisking

单词复数单词复数单词复数

stomachstomachesimportance/rockrocks

bandagebandageskilokiloessituationsituations

blood/kneekneesspiritspirits

breakbreaksknifeknivesaccidentaccidents

climberclimbersmattermattersstomachache/

deathdeathsnecknecksthroatthroats

decisiondecisionsnosebeed/toothache/

fever/nursenursestroubletroubles

footfeetpassengerpassengersheadache/

【单词变性】

sick形容词变名词sickness

climber名词变动词climb

death名词变形容词dead

decision名词变动词decide

importance名词变形容词important

spirit名词变形容词spiritual

accident名词变形容词accidental

breathe动词变名词breath

mean动词变名词meaning

【一词多义】

l.off休息，不工作从…上掉下来离开打折

OnNationalDay,wehaveaweekoff,soweHantotraveltosomewhereinteresting.

Assoonashewentintotheroom,hetookhiscoatoffhisshoulder.

Thesuperstarhasbeenoffforanhour.However,thefansarestillthere.

Theclothesaresold20%offtoday.Let'sgoandbuysome.

以。什结尾动词词组

breakoff中止，中断turnoff关掉

cleanoff打扫干净takeoff脱衣£,起飞

cutoffshutoff

getoffsetoff出发

giveoff释放（气体）seesb.off送行

gooff（闹铃）响了putoff推迟

2.break休息打破

It's1200.Let'stakeabreak.

Whobrokethevase?

break的短语:

breakin破门而入

breakout整

breakup关系破裂

breakoff中止，中断

breakdown抛锚

3.matter问题关系重要

What'sthematterwithyou?

Itdoesn'tmatter.

Itsomehowmattersthatyoushouldgetintoagooduniversity.

4.risk置险冒险

Austinriskshislifeinadangeroussituation.

AustintakesarisktoclimbtheQomolangma.

5.hurtJgWS&疼痛

Thelittleboyhurthimselfbecausehefelloffhisbike.

Marygotbadlyhurtafterthecaraccident.

MyfingerishurtbecauseIcarelesslycutmyself.

6.lie购坐落谎话说谎

Thefatboyalwaysliesinbedassoonashefinisheseating.

HangznouliesinthenorthofZhejiang.

Heisrotanhonestboybecauseheoftentellslies.

Whenheislateforschool,heliestohisteacher.

7.mean意思是打算

ImeanthatwecanbringabirthdaycakeforJane.

Idon'tmeantohurthim.

8.rest剩余的休息

Somestudentsareplayingfootballontheplaygroundwhiletherestofthemareplayingvolleyball.

Wewilltakearestbetweenclasses.

【词汇用法】

2.身体部位

头head嘴巴mouth喉咙throat

眼睛eye脸face肩膀shoulder

鼻子nosse脖子neck手臂arm

耳朵ear牙齿tooth手hand

肚子belly腿leg胃stomach

脚foot膝盖knee

【高频短语】

takeabreak休息一下introuble处于麻烦中

makeadecision做决定havetrouble(in)doingsth.在…方面有麻烦

haveafever发烧byaccident偶然地

onfoot走路incontrol处于控制中

maketrouble制造麻烦outofcontrol不受控制

takearisk冒险hitsb.intheface打在某人的脸上

breathein呼进takearest休息一下

breatheout呼出meantodo打算做某事

gethurt受伤meandoing意思是

hitsb.ontheback打在某人的背上

【词汇练习】

Accidentbandagebloodbreaksbreatheclimberscontrolledcoughed

deathdecisionfeverfootheadacheherselfhithurtimportance

kiloskneeskniveslainlaylyingmattermatteredneknurseoff

ourselvespassengersrestriskssituationspiritstomachachethroat

toothachetroublestroubleoff

【语法练习】

BCABDCCDA

【致胜中考2021】一轮复习:八下U2词汇+语法讲解

【单词默写】

意思单词词性意思单词词性

瞎的；失明的标志；信号

破损的；残缺的训练；培训

聪明的：聪颖的志愿者

聋的车轮；轮子

先生（用于正式信函中对夫人；女士（用于正式信

不知名的男性收信人的函中对不知名的女性收信

称呼时，写为Sir）人的称呼时，写为Madam）

激动的；兴奋的丧失能力的；残疾的

孤独的；寂寞的几个；数个；一些

强烈的；强壮的拿；提；扛

独自，单独欢呼，喝彩

困难；难题修理；安装

门想象；设想

感觉；感触使感兴趣；使关注

兴趣；关注注意到；意识到

（尤指长途）旅行；行程开；打开

高兴；愉快募集；征集

仁慈；善良修理；修补

信；函训练：培训

女士；小姐理解；领会

通知；通告；注意义务做；自愿做；

物主；主人变化；改变

满足；满意

【单词变形】

单词三单过去式过去分词现在分词

carry

cheer

fix

imagine

interest

notice

open

raise

repair

train

understand

volunteer

change

单词复数单词复数单词复数

difficultynoticesign

doorownertraining

feelingsatisfactionvolunteer

interestkindnesswheel

journeylettermadam

joy

单词比较级最高级单词比较级最高级

cleverexcited

stronglonely

【单词变性】

blind形容词变名词

broken形容词变动词

excited形容词变动词

strong形容词变名词

difficulty名词变形容词

feeling名词变动词

kindness名词变形容词

owner名词变动词

satisfaction名词变动词

training名词变动词

disabled形容词变动词

imagine动词变名词

cheer动词变形容词

change名词变形容词

【一词多义】

1.raise________________________________________

Thesoldiersraisetheflageverymorning.

TheRedCrossraisesmoneyandotherthingsforthepoor.

Youraisedmeup.

2.interest_______________________

MaryhasgreatinterestinlearningEnglish.

EnglishandMathsinterestmeverymuch.

3.letter________________________

Marywrotealettertoherbestfriendaboutwheretheywilltravelonvacation.

Aisthsfirstletterinalphabet.

4.notice______________________________

Look,hereisanotice,saying“nobodyathometoday.”

Someonenoticedthethiefrunningtowardthewest.

5.open_________________________

Openthedoor,please.

Thedoorhasbeenopenfortenminutes.

6.train___________________________

WewenttoGuilinbytrain.

Thedogwastrainedtobeaguidefortheblind.

7.volmteer______________________

Inmysparetime,Iworkasavolunteer.

IvolunteertohelptheoldinOldPeople'sHouse.

【词汇用法】

1.lonely:adj./feellonely/alonelyperson

近义词辨析：lonelyvs.alone

lonelyadj./feellonely/alonelyperson

alone:adj./bealone/adv./livealone/workalone

2.difficulty:n./havedifficulty(in)doingsth.

3.feelng:n./afeelingofsatisfaction

近义诃辨析：feelingvs.sense

feeling:n./afeelingofsatisfaction/afeelingofhunger

sense:n./asenseofdirection/sixthsense

4.fix:v./fixsth./fixupsth./fixone'seyesonsth.

5.openv./openadoor/ashopopens/openip/adj./beopen

相关词辨析:openvs.close

openv./openadoor/ashopopens/openup/adj./beopen

close:v./closethedoor/adj./becloseto/beclosed

近义词辨析:turnonvs.open

turnon:打开电器

open:打开门

6.raise:vt./raisesth./raiseup/raisemoney/priceisraised/raiseone'shands

近义词辨析:raisevs.rise

raise:vt./raisesth./raiseup/raisemoney/priceisraised/raiseone'shands

rise:vi./sunrises/pricerises/levelrises

7.imagine:v./imaginedoingsth./imginelifewithoutwater.

8.notice:v./noticesb.sth./noticesb.do/doingsth.

类似词:seevs.hearvs.watch

watch：watchsth./watchsb.do/doingsth./watchout

see:seesb.do/doingsth./seesb.off

hear:hearsb.do/doingsth./hearofsb./hearaboutsth./hearfromsb.

【高频短语】

beexcitedaboutasavolunteer

feellonelycarryon

livealonecheerup

havedifficultiesindoingsth.___________________fixup

afeelingofsatisfactionopenup

haveaninterestindoingsth.___________________raiseup

theownerof...

【攻占语法】

动词（动词词组一）

1.以up结尾的动词词组

动词词组意思动词词组意思

（关系）破裂（开心）跳起来

抚养长大与…并驾齐驱

强健（体魄）向上看，仰视某人，查字典

号召，打电话组成，编造，伪装

赶上某人打包

喝彩捡起，接某人，理解

打扫干净举起，挂起，张贴，留宿某人

清除干净举起

上来成立，建立

提出，想出出现，露面

切碎站立

盛装熬夜

吃完从事，占据

以…结束想出

修理向上调，出现，露面

起床站立用完，用尽

放弃叫醒某人，醒来

向上走，（价格）上涨阻碍，举起

长大赶紧，赶快

2.以out结尾的动词词组

动词词组意思动词词组意思

吹灭出去闲逛

爆发帮助某人摆脱困境

带出来