福建省宁德市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题 含解析

宁德市2024—2025学年度第一学期期末高二质量检测英语试题注意事项：1、本试卷共12页。满分150分。答题时间120分钟。2、答题前，考生务必将自己的班级、姓名填写在试卷的相应位置。3、全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthehotel.B.Ontheplane.C.Attheairport.2.Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?A.Takingajobinterview.B.Chattingwithafriend.C.Makingaspeech.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Chemicalexperiments.B.Italianculture.C.Cooking.4.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Gohome.B.Attendaclass.C.Emailherprofessor.5.Whenistheconfirmedappointmentfortheman’seyetest?A.At10:00.B.At10:30.C.At11:30.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Whatisthemanthinkingabout?A.Themeetingschedule.B.Thetouristdestination.C.Theoverseasstudydestination.7.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Talkwithherteacher.B.Pickupherdaughter.C.Haveadancelesson.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhendidthemanstarttoliveinAmerica?A.In2011.B.In2013.C.In2016.9.WhatchallengedidthemanfacewhenhereturnedtoJapan?A.Languagebarriers.B.Hisnationality.C.Cultureshock.10.WhydoesthemanadapttoJapaneseculturenow?A.Japanesepeoplelikemakingfriends.B.Japanesepeoplerespectothers’opinions.C.Japanesepeopledon’thavedifferentopinions.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Socialmedia.B.Awearabledevice.C.Sportsandfitness.12.WhatdoesthestudyaboutFitkitfocuson?A.AccuracyofFitkit.B.Sleepingheartrate.C.Physicalactivities.13.HowdoesthemanfindhisFitkit?A.Cheap.B.Uncomfortable.C.Recommendable.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatdoesthewoman’sjobinvolve?A.Cookingmeals.B.Makingclothes.C.Bookingphotographers.15.Whydosomepeoplehireaweddingplanner?A.Tosavetime.B.Tolowerthecosts.C.Toattendtheparty.16.Whatdidthewomandobeforeshebecameaweddingplanner?A.Sheranarestaurant.B.Shehostedtheopen-airevent.C.Shevolunteeredforanorganization.17.Howdidthewomanattractcustomers?A.Bytakingtraining.B.Bypresentingbeautifulpictures.C.Byshowingthemwrittenreferences.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthespeaker’sfutureoccupationchoice?A.Anauthor.B.Aninterpreter.C.Ateacher.19.Whichsubjectcanexpandculturalbackgroundknowledge?A.Math.B.English.C.Literature.20.Whatisthespeaker’sfamily’sattitudetowardhischoice?A.Favorable.B.Doubtful.C.Opposed.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThisisthe

HeritageOpenDays,whichlargelyhappensoutsideLondon.Allarefree,someneedbookinginadvance,otherwise,justturnupontheday.ParndonHallOpenDaysThePrincessAlexandraHospitalNHSTrust,HamstelRoad,Harlow,EssexTheformerhomeofLoftus&ElizabethArkwright,ParndonHallwasbuiltin1867.Elizabethdecoratedroomswithpaintings,aswasthefashionatthetime,butnowthehouseisusedbythehospitalandtheoriginalroomshavenewpurposes.•Saturday18September:11:00;12:30;14:00;15:00•Sunday19September:11:00;12:30;14:00;15:00BOOKINGNEEDEDHighLighthouseOpenDaysHighLighthouse,WestStreet,Harwich,EssexTheHighLighthousewasbuiltin1818tolineupwiththeLowLighthouse,nowtheMaritimeMuseum,whichisalsoaheritage.Togethertheyoperatedasleadinglightsforshipping.Itwaslastusedasalighthousein1863.Ithasbeeninuseasaradiomuseumandasacouncilhouse.ClimbtothetopforadramaticviewoftheHarwicharea.•Saturday11September:10:00-16:00•Sunday12September:10:00-16:00CaptainJonesHouseOpenDaysCaptainJonesHouse,21,KingsHeadStreet,Harwich,EssexThisisthehomeofthemasteroftheMayflower,amajorityofwhichisstillinoriginalcondition.Thishousehasbeenmaintainedashistoricallyaccurateaspossiblesubjecttomodernisationsuchaselectricity.•Saturday11September:11:00-15:00•Sunday12September:11:00-15:001.WhatcanweknowaboutParndonHall?A.YoucanseeElizabeth’spaintingsthere. B.ItcanbevisitedthewholeSaturday.C.Youhavetomakeareservationtovisitit. D.Itsdecorationsarestillfashionable.2.HowmanyheritagescanyouvisitinHarwich?A.2. B.3. C.4. D.5.3.Whatdotheseopendayshaveincommon?A.TheyhappeninearlySeptember. B.Theyalllastfivehours.C.TheyareheldinHarwich. D.Theyareopenataspecifictime.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了遗址开放日期间三个开放场所的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据ParndonHallOpenDays部分中“BOOKINGNEEDED(需要预订)”可知，参观ParndonHall需要提前预订。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据HighLighthouseOpenDays部分中“HighLighthouse,WestStreet,Harwich,Essex(高灯塔，西街，哈威奇，埃塞克斯)”和“TheHighLighthousewasbuiltin1818tolineupwiththeLowLighthouse,nowtheMaritimeMuseum,whichisalsoaheritage.(高灯塔建于1818年，与现在的海事博物馆——低灯塔在一条直线上，低灯塔也是一处遗产)”；根据CaptainJonesHouseOpenDays部分中“CaptainJonesHouse,21,KingsHeadStreet,Harwich,Essex(琼斯船长之家，21号，国王头街，哈威奇，埃塞克斯)”和“CaptainJonesHouse,21,KingsHeadStreet,Harwich,Essex(琼斯船长之家，位于埃塞克斯郡哈里奇国王头街21号)”可知，在哈威奇（Harwich）可以参观高灯塔、低灯塔（海事博物馆）和琼斯船长之家3处遗址。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据ParndonHallOpenDays部分“•Saturday18September:11:00;12:30;14:00;15:00•Sunday19September:11:00;12:30;14:00;15:00(•9月18日周六：11:00；12:30；14:00；15:00•9月19日周日：11:00；12:30；14:00；15:00)”、HighLighthouseOpenDays部分“•Saturday11September:10:00-16:00•Sunday12September:10:00-16:00(•9月11日周六：10:00-16:00•9月12日周日：10:00-16:00)”以及CaptainJonesHouseOpenDays部分“•Saturday11September:11:00-15:00•Sunday12September:11:00-15:00(•9月11日周六：11:00-15:00•9月12日周日：11:00-15:00)”可知，这三个开放日都在特定时间开放。故选D项。BThe“FatheroftheNationalParkSystem,”JohnMuirwasaninfluentialwriter,naturalist,andenvironmentalistduringthelate19thandearly20thcenturies.Bornin1838inDunbar,Scotland,hemovedtotheUnitedStateswithhisfamilyandwasattractedbytheland.Hewasaprize-winninginventor,butit’shisloveforwildplacesandabsolutedevotiontoprotectingthemthatwerememberhimfor.Asayoungman,heexploredtheNorthAmericancontinentbyfoot,walkingthousandsofmilesuntilheeventuallysettledinCalifornia.There,hefellinlovewithYosemiteValleyandtheSierraNevadaMountains.Hisarticleseries,“StudiesintheSierra,”puthisnameonthemapandlaunchedaprolificwritingcareer,withover300articlesand10bookspublished.Atruemountainman,heencouragedeveryoneto“climbthemountainsandgettheirgoodtidings”.Hiswritingsinspiredpresidents,congressmen,andaveragecitizenstocareaboutnature.In1890,dueinlargeparttoaseriesofarticleshepublishedinCenturymagazine,U.S.CongresscreatedYosemiteNationalPark.MuirwasalsoinvolvedinthecreationoftheSequoia,MountRainier,PetrifiedForest,andGrandCanyonNationalParks,thusearninghistitle.Buthisworkdidn’tstopthere:in1892MuirandhissupportersfoundedtheSierraClubto“dosomethingforwildnessandmakethemountainsglad.”In1901,hepublishedthebook“OurNationalParks”andcaughttheattentionofPresidentTheodoreRoosevelt,whovisitedhimatYosemite.Duringthatvisit,theylaidthefoundationofRoosevelt’sgroundbreakingprotectionprograms.Muirdiedin1914,buthismemoryliveson,continuingtoinspirenewgenerationsofenvironmentalisteverywhere.4.Whichcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“prolific”inParagraph2?A.High-paying. B.Normal. C.Full-time. D.Productive.5.WhatcontributedtoMuir’swritingcareer?A.Hisloveforwildplaces. B.Hisworkasanenvironmentalist.C.Hisdevotiontonationalparks. D.HisexplorationofAmericancontinents.6.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph3?A.Muir’sarticlesearnedhimhistitle.B.Muirappealedfortheprotectionofnationalparks.C.Muirinspiredpeopletovisitnationalparks.D.Muir’sarticleshadaninfluenceonofficialdecision.7.WhichwordscanbestdescribeMuir?A.Adventurousandcommitted. B.Determinedandhumorous.C.Honestandcourageous. D.Generousandinspirational.【答案】4.D5.A6.D7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“国家公园系统之父”——约翰·缪尔是19世纪末和20世纪初一位有影响力的作家、自然学家和主义者。他对荒野的热爱促成了他的写作生涯，同时他通过写作来号召人们保护荒野。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“withover300articlesand10bookspublished(发布了300多篇文章和10本书)”可知，JohnMuir是个多产的作家，由此可推知，划线单词意为“多产的”，与D项“Productive.(多产的)”意思一样，故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Asayoungman,heexploredtheNorthAmericancontinentbyfoot,walkingthousandsofmilesuntilheeventuallysettledinCalifornia.There,hefellinlovewithYosemiteValleyandtheSierraNevadaMountains.Hisarticleseries,“StudiesintheSierra,”puthisnameonthemapandlauncheda

prolific

writingcareer,withover300articlesand10bookspublished.(作为一个年轻人，他徒步探索了北美大陆，走了数千英里，最终定居在加利福尼亚。在那里，他爱上了约米蒂山谷和内华达山脉。他的文章系列《内华达山脉研究》使他声名鹊起，开启了一段多产的写作，出版了300多篇文章和10本书。)”可知，Muir对荒野的热爱促成了他的写作生涯，故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hiswritingsinspiredpresidents,congressmen,andaveragecitizenstocareaboutnature.In1890,dueinlargeparttoaseriesofarticleshepublishedinCenturymagazine,U.S.CongresscreatedYosemiteNationalPark.MuirwasalsoinvolvedinthecreationoftheSequoia,MountRainier,PetrifiedForest,andGrandCanyonNationalParks,thusearninghistitle.(他的著作激励了总统、国会议员和普通公民关注自然。1890年，由于他在《世纪》杂志上发表系列文章，美国国会创建了约塞米蒂国家公园。穆尔还参与了红木、雷尼尔山、化石森林和大峡谷国家的创建，因此赢得了“国家公园之父”的称号。)”可知，缪尔（Muir）的文章对官方的决定有影响，故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Asayoungman,heexploredtheNorthAmericancontinentbyfoot,walkingthousandsofmilesuntilheeventuallysettledinCalifornia.(作为一个年轻人，他徒步探索了北美大陆，走了数千英里，最终定居在加利福尼亚。)”可知，Muir爱冒险；根据第三段中“Hiswritingsinspiredpresidents,congressmen,andaveragecitizenstocareaboutnature.(他的著作激励了总统、国会议员和普通公民关注自然。)”和第四段中“Buthisworkdidn’tstopthere:in1892,MuirandhissupportersfoundedtheSierraClubto“dosomethingforwildnessandmakethemountainsglad.”In1901,hepublishedthebook“OurNationalParks”andcaughttheattentionofPresidentTheodoreRoosevelt,whovisitedhimatYosemite.Duringthatvisit,theylaidthefoundationofRoosevelt’sgroundbreakingprotectionprograms.(但他的工作并未止步于此：1892年，缪尔和他的支持者们创立了塞拉俱乐部，旨在“为野地做点什么，让群山欢欣鼓舞”。1901年，他出版了《我们的国家公园》一书，引起了西奥多罗斯福总统的关注，罗斯福总统访问了他在优胜美地的居所。在那次访问期间，他们奠定了罗斯福开创性的保护计划的基础)”可知，他致力于保护荒野，写了很多作品，并一直坚持，所以说他很坚定，故选A。CAnexperimentalpairofglovesisn’tparticularlyfashionableorusefulforkeepinganyone’shandswarm.Insteadtheglovesusetactile(触觉的)sensorswovenintoitsfabrictoserveanentirelydifferentpurpose:teachingpianoandotherhands-onskills.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologygraduatestudentYiyueLuoandhercolleaguescreatedthese“smartgloves”usingtactiletechnology,whichincludesphysicalsensationssuchasvibrations(震动)orforcetohelpwithtactileactivities.Researchersusedtheglovestorecordonepianist’shandmovementswhileplayingasong.Theythenrelayedthosemovementstoastudentthroughfingertipvibrations,helpingthelearnerbuildmusclememoryandperformthepiecewithgreateraccuracy.“Hand-basedmovementslikepianoplayingarenormallyreallysubjectiveanddifficulttorecordandtransfer,”Luosays.“Butwiththeseglovesweareactuallyabletotrackoneperson’stouchexperienceandshareitwithanotherpersontoimprovetheirtactilelearningprocess.”Usingacomputerizedembroidery(刺绣)machine,theteamfixedsmallwireslinkedtoapressure-sensingmaterialintheglovestodetecthandmotions.Whenapianoteacherwearingtheglovesrepeatedlyperformedatune,amachine-learningalgorithm(运算法则)processedtheirmovementonthekeysandtranslateditintoinstructionalvibrations.Studentswearingtheirownglovesthenattemptedtoplaythesametune,withthefingertipvibrationsguidingthemthroughpropermovements.Bythetrials’end,studentswhohadpracticedwiththeglovescouldplaymoreaccuratelythanthosewhohadnot.Theteamalsotestedthegloves’abilitytoaidpeopleplayingonlinegameswithamouseandkeyboard,recordingmotionsfromexperiencedplayerstoguidegreenhands.Peoplewhogamedwiththegloves’guidancescoredbetteronaveragethanthosewhodidnot.Playingpianoorvideogamesisoftenjustforfun,butLuoaddsthatwithanimprovedalgorithm,codedtoidentifyandcatchfinerhandmovements,thenewglovetechnologycouldsomedayhelptoteachcrucialpracticessuchasmedicaloperations.8.Inwhichpracticecanthesmartglovesbeunavailable?A.Playingtheguitar. B.Singingsongs.C.Teachingsignlanguage. D.Typingonakeyboard.9.Whatisthefunctionofthepressure-sensingmaterial?A.Torecordsongs.B.Totranslatetunes.C.Tokeephandswarm.D.Tomonitorhandmovements.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theglovesaredesignedforfun.B.Thegloveshavebeenputintouse.C.Theglovescanbeusedtoidentifycodes.D.Thegloveswillbeusedinmorefields.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Anintroductiontoapromisingtechnology.B.Anadvertisementofanewproduct.C.Anapproachtoteachingpiano.D.Aninstructionforacomputerizedmachine.【答案】8.B9.D10.D11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院研发的能教技能的“智能手套”及其用途。【8题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Insteadtheglovesusetactile(触觉的)sensorswovenintoitsfabrictoserveanentirelydifferentpurpose:teachingpianoandotherhands-onskills.(相反，这副手套使用了织入其织物中的触觉传感器，以实现一个完全不同的目的：教授钢琴以及其他需要动手操作的技能。)”可知，这种智能手套用于教像弹钢琴这样的需要动手的技能。而唱歌主要是用嗓子，不需要动手操作，所以智能手套在“唱歌”这种实践中不可用。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“Usingacomputerizedembroidery(刺绣)machine,theteamfixedsmallwireslinkedtoapressure-sensingmaterialintheglovestodetecthandmotions.(该团队使用一台电脑刺绣机，将与压力感应材料相连的细电线固定在手套中，以监测手部动作。)”可知，压力感应材料连接着小电线，其功能是监测手部运动。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Playingpianoorvideogamesisoftenjustforfun,butLuoaddsthatwithanimprovedalgorithm,codedtoidentifyandcatchfinerhandmovements,thenewglovetechnologycouldsomedayhelptoteachcrucialpracticessuchasmedicaloperations.(弹钢琴或玩电子游戏通常只是为了娱乐，但罗艺悦补充说，通过改进算法，对算法进行编程以识别和捕捉更细微的手部动作，这种新的手套技术有朝一日可能会有助于教授像医疗手术这样关键的操作技能。)”可知，这种手套将会被应用到更多的领域。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Anexperimentalpairofglovesisn’tparticularlyfashionableorusefulforkeepinganyone’shandswarm.Insteadtheglovesusetactile(触觉的)sensorswovenintoitsfabrictoserveanentirelydifferentpurpose:teachingpianoandotherhands-onskills.(一副实验性的手套既算不上特别时尚，也不能很好地为人们的双手保暖。相反，这副手套使用了织入其织物中的触觉传感器，以实现一个完全不同的目的：教授钢琴以及其他需要动手操作的技能。)”可知，文章开篇介绍了麻省理工学院研究生研发的“智能手套”，接着阐述了其工作原理、在教弹钢琴和玩游戏方面的应用，最后提到未来可能应用到医疗等领域，所以文章主要是对一种有前景的技术（智能手套技术）的介绍。故选A。DInanerawhenonlinemisinformationisseeminglyeverywhereandobjectivefactsareofteninargument,UCBerkeleypsychologistsinanewstudyhavepresentedasomewhatcontradictorypartialsolution:Exposeyoungchildrentomoremisinformationonline—notless.Orticio,aPh.D.studentinUCBerkeley’sDepartmentofPsychology,andhiscolleaguesusedapairofexperimentsinvolving122childrenagedfourtoseventotesthowtheirlevelofskepticism(怀疑)changedindifferentonlineenvironments.Thefirststudyexposedthemtoane-bookwithvaryingdegreesoftrueandfalsestatementsaboutanimals.Nexttoapictureofazebra,forexample,somechildrenwereshowntruthslikethatzebrashadblackandwhitestripes.Otherswereshownfalsehoodsaboutzebrasbeingredandgreen.Basedonthatinformation,theyindicatedwhethertheclaimsweretrueorfalse.Asecondstudysimulated(模拟)searchengineresultsandposedsimilaranimalfactsandfictions.Next,childrenevaluatedthetruthofanewclaimwithinthatsamedigitalcontext,thistimeaboutanalienspeciescalledZorpies.Onascreenwereimagesof20so-calledZorpies.Oneofthealien’sfacesshowedthatithadthreeeyes;therestoftheZorpiesworedarksunglassesthatcoveredtheireyes.ChildrenwerethenaskedtodecidewhetherallZorpieshadthreeeyes.Butbeforemakingtheirfinaldecision,participantswereallowedtofact-checktheclaimbytappinganynumberofthealiens,removingtheirsunglassesandrevealingtheireyes.Sincechildrenknewnothingaboutthealiens,theirskepticismcouldonlycomefromtheirassessmentofhowreliablethisdigitalplatformwas.Researchersfoundthatthechildrenwhowerethemosthardworkingaboutfact-checkingtheZorpiesclaimswerealsotheoneswhosawmorefalseclaimsaboutanimalsearlierinthestudy.Meanwhile,thosewhohadmorereliableenvironmentswithfewerfalseclaimsearlierinthestudydidalmostnofact-checking.Acomputersimulationconfirmedthatthechildreninthemoreunreliableenvironmentsweremorelikelytorevealpotentialmisinformation.12.Whatdopsychologistsrecommendtohelpchildrendealwithonlinemisinformation?A.Toleavetheminalessprotectedinformationenvironment.B.Tohelpthemsortoutdifferentkindsofinformation.C.Torequirethemtocollectsomeusefulinformation.D.Tohelpthemdeveloptheabilityofthecriticalthinking.13.Whowillbemorelikelytobecomeagoodfact-checker?A.Thechildrenworkinghardertomakestatements.B.Thechildrenseeingmorefalseclaims.C.Thechildrenexposedtomoredigitalcontexts.D.Thechildrenexposedtomorereliableenvironments.14.Howweretheexperimentsconducted?A.Bymakingcomparisons.B.Bymakingquestionnaires.C.Byanalyzingdocuments.D.Byinterviewingparticipants.15.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperiments?A.Theywerecarriedoutthroughthesameonlinedigitalplatform.B.ParticipantscantapthenumberofZorpiestogettrueinformation.C.Participantscanremovethesunglassesforreference.DTheybothpresentedfalseinformationtotheparticipants.【答案】12.A13.B14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加州大学伯克利分校的心理学家通过实验发现，让孩子接触更多网络虚假信息能提高他们的怀疑精神和事实核查能力。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Inanerawhenonlinemisinformationisseeminglyeverywhereandobjectivefactsareofteninargument,UCBerkeleypsychologistsinanewstudyhavepresentedasomewhatcontradictorypartialsolution:Exposeyoungchildrentomoremisinformationonline—notless.(在一个网络虚假信息似乎无处不在、客观事实常引发争议的时代，加州大学伯克利分校的心理学家在一项新研究中提出了一个看似矛盾的部分解决方案：让幼儿更多而非更少地接触网络虚假信息)”可知，心理学家建议让孩子处于一个较少受到保护的信息环境，接触更多虚假信息。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“ResearchersfoundthatthechildrenwhowerethemosthardworkingaboutfactcheckingtheZorpiesclaimswerealsotheoneswhosawmorefalseclaimsaboutanimalsearlierinthestudy.(研究人员发现，在核查关于佐皮人说法的真实性方面最努力的孩子，也是那些在研究早期看到更多关于动物虚假说法的孩子)”可知，看到更多虚假说法的孩子更有可能成为优秀的事实核查者。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thefirststudyexposedthemtoane-bookwithvaryingdegreesoftrueandfalsestatementsaboutanimals.Nexttoapictureofazebra,forexample,somechildrenwereshowntruthslikethatzebrashadblackandwhitestripes.Otherswereshownfalsehoodsaboutzebrasbeingredandgreen.Basedonthatinformation,theyindicatedwhethertheclaimsweretrueorfalse.Asecondstudysimulated(模拟)searchengineresultsandposedsimilaranimalfactsandfictions.(第一项研究让他们看一本电子书，里面有不同程度的关于动物的真假陈述。例如，在一张斑马的照片旁边，一些孩子看到了斑马有黑白条纹这样的事实。其他人则被告知斑马是红色和绿色的谎言。根据这些信息，他们指出这些说法是真是假。第二项研究模拟了搜索引擎的结果，并提出了类似的动物事实和虚构)”和第五段中“ResearchersfoundthatthechildrenwhowerethemosthardworkingaboutfactcheckingtheZorpiesclaimswerealsotheoneswhosawmorefalseclaimsaboutanimalsearlierinthestudy.Meanwhile,thosewhohadmorereliableenvironmentswithfewerfalseclaimsearlierinthestudydidalmostnofactchecking.(研究人员发现，在核查关于佐皮人说法的真实性方面最努力的孩子，也是那些在研究早期看到更多关于动物虚假说法的孩子。与此同时，那些在研究早期处于更可靠环境、虚假说法较少的孩子几乎没有进行事实核查)”可知，实验通过对比不同信息环境下孩子的表现来进行，即通过做比较的方式开展实验。故选A项。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“ChildrenwerethenaskedtodecidewhetherallZorpieshadthreeeyes.Butbeforemakingtheirfinaldecision,participantswereallowedtofactchecktheclaimbytappinganynumberofthealiens,removingtheirsunglassesandrevealingtheireyes.(然后孩子们被要求判断是否所有佐皮人都有三只眼睛。但在做出最终决定之前，参与者可以通过点击任意数量的外星人、摘下他们的太阳镜并露出眼睛来核查这一说法)”可知，参与者可以摘下外星人的太阳镜来获取参考信息。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Essaysareanextendedpieceofwritingthatpresentsanargumentorinformationonatopic.Theycanvaryinpurpose,styleandtypebuttheyallinvolvequestioning,assessinganddiscussingideasorevidence.Herearefourtipsonhowtowriteanessay:introducingyouressay,focusingonitstructure,usingquotesandsources,andendingwithaconclusion.Agoodintroductionexplainsthefactsthatthereaderneedstoknowfirst.___16___Beclearaboutyouraimsandalwayswriteinthethirdperson.It’sagoodideatobeginyouressayusingthesamestyleoflanguageasthequestion,toshowyouareansweringitdirectly.___17___Paragraphscanhelp.Startwitha“topicsentence”thatintroduceswhattheparagraphisabout.Attheend,bringyourtopictoaclosesothereadercanmoveontothenextidea.___18___Theyconnectittothepreviousone.Ifyouusedideasfromabookinyouressay,youcanincludesnippetsfromittosupportyourpoints.Thesearequotesandhavespeechmarksaroundthemtoshowtheyarenotyourwords.___19___Forexample,“DrRobertssays,‘Climatechangeis...’”.Attheendoftheessay,youcanlistallthebooksthathelpedyou.Inyourfinalparagraph,youshouldconcludebysummarisingallyourpointstoshowhowyouhaveansweredtheessayquestion.Youmightbeginthissectionwith“Inconclusion,”andyourtoneshouldbeconfident.___20___A.Youshouldalsosharewhosaidit.B.Ithelpsreadersimprovetheirwritingskills.C.Tohelpthereaderfollowyourideas,youneedstructure.D.Writingessaysisanunavoidablebutfunpartofstudyinglotsofsubjects.E.Itsumsupwhattheessaywillbeaboutandwhatyouaretryingtoprove.F.Hereyoucanwriteinthefirstpersonandgiveyourownopiniononthetopic.G.Youcanusewordssuchas“however”or“furthermore”tostartanewparagraph.【答案】16.E17.C18.G19.A20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何书写一篇文章。【16题详解】根据上文“Agoodintroductionexplainsthefactsthatthereaderneedstoknowfirst.(一篇好的导言首先解释了读者需要知道的事实)”以及后文“Beclearaboutyouraimsandalwayswriteinthethirdperson.It’sagoodideatobeginyouressayusingthesamestyleoflanguageasthequestion,toshowyouareansweringitdirectly.(明确你的目标，用第三人称写作。用与问题相同的语言风格来开始你的文章是个好主意，这样可以表明你在直接回答问题)”可知，本句主要说明导言需要包含的内容。故E选项“它概括了文章的内容和你想要证明的东西”符合语境，故选E。【17题详解】根据后文“Paragraphscanhelp.Startwitha“topicsentence”thatintroduceswhattheparagraphisabout.Attheend,bringyourtopictoaclosesothereadercanmoveontothenextidea.(段落可以有所帮助。从“主题句”开始，介绍这段话的内容。最后，结束你的主题，这样读者就可以继续下一个想法了)”可知，本段主要针对文章的结构提出了一些建议，故C选项“为了帮助读者理解你的想法，你需要结构”符合语境，故选C。【18题详解】根据后文“Theyconnectittothepreviousone.(它们把它和前一个连接起来)”可知，本句主要说明如何连接段落，G选项中however和furthermore对应后文They。故G选项“你可以用‘however’或‘furthermore’这样的词来开始一个新的段落”符合语境，故选G。【19题详解】根据后文“Forexample,“DrRobertssays,‘Climatechangeis...’”.Attheendoftheessay,youcanlistallthebooksthathelpedyou.(例如，“罗伯茨博士说，‘气候变化是……’”。在文章的最后，你可以列出所有帮助过你的书)”可知，后文的例子表明需要说明是谁的观点，故A选项“你也应该分享是谁说的”符合语境，故选A。【20题详解】根据上文“Inyourfinalparagraph,youshouldconcludebysummarisingallyourpointstoshowhowyouhaveansweredtheessayquestion.Youmightbeginthissectionwith“Inconclusion,”andyourtoneshouldbeconfident.(在你的最后一段，你应该总结你所有的观点来表明你是如何回答文章问题的。你可以用“总结”来开始这个部分，你的语气应该自信)”可知，上文提到了如何写最后一段，且最后一段主要和自己的观点有关，故F选项“在这里，你可以用第一人称写出你对这个话题的看法”符合语境，故选F。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I’vealwayswantedtodoalongbikeride,andIlongedforahugeadventure.Iwas___21___thatthisadventurewouldbesortoflikeapersonal___22___.Ialsosawitasa(an)___23___toraiseawarenessabouttheTongassNationalForest.___24___,IwantedtoridemybiketoAlaskaalone,butthenI___25___thatitwouldbewaymorefuntodoitwithafriend,soIcalledAlex.Itwasan___26___adventure,andwedidalotofcoolthings.___27___,whatIsawmademesad.Wegottoseethehuman___28___onnatureinawaythatIjusthadn’tbeenexposedtobefore.Ihadafalse___29___thattherewasstillalotofuntouchednatureoutthere.Webiked2,400miles,anditturnedoutthatbasicallytheonlyplacesthatfelt____30____werethenationalparks.Everythingelsefeltlikeithadbeenloggedorminedorsomehowextracted.Thetownwe____31____throughgetsbiggerattheexpenseofcuttingdownallthetrees.____32____allthishumanimpact,Istronglyfelthowmuchtheworldwe’vealready____33____.IguessthattheonlyplacesonEarththathavenothad____34____humanimpactaretheplacesthatarejusttoodifficulttoreach.I____35____alotaboutit.It’soneofthosethingswhereyouhavetodecidebetweendoingsomethingthat’stotallygreenoryoucantellaninspiringstory.21.A.pitiful B.hopeful C.grateful D.graceful22.A.transformation B.freedom C.creation D.solution23.A.dream B.advertisement C.opportunity D.experiment24.A.Luckily B.Abnormally C.Gradually D.Originally25.A.realized B.doubted C.denied D.recommended26.A.identical B.incredible C.embarrassing D.academic27.A.Meanwhile B.Therefore C.Perhaps D.Otherwise28.A.dependence B.reflection C.impact D.affection29.A.story B.interaction C.decision D.perception30.A.unbalanced B.uncontrolled C.untouched D.unfinished31.A.ran B.worked C.cut D.biked32.A.Advocating B.Favoring C.Witnessing D.Approving33.A.destroyed B.protected C.explored D.polluted34.A.small B.meaningful C.positive D.massive35.A.admired B.thought C.dreamed D.complained【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.A28.C29.D30.C31.D32.C33.A34.D35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者渴望长途骑行冒险，途中看到人类对自然的破坏，深刻意识到世界被破坏的程度，对此思考颇多。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直想进行一次长途骑行，并且渴望一场大冒险。我希望这次冒险能有点像一次个人的转变。A.pitiful可怜的；B.hopeful抱有希望的；C.grateful感激的；D.graceful优雅的。由上文“longedforahugeadventure”及后文对这次冒险的期待描述可知，作者对冒险是抱有希望的，hopeful符合语境。故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望这次冒险能有点像一次个人的转变。A.transformation转变；B.freedom自由；C.creation创造；D.solution解决办法。由上文“thisadventurewouldbesortoflikeapersonal”可知，作者渴望通过这次冒险，在个人方面有所变化，transformation符合语境。故选A项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也把它看作是一个提高人们对汤加斯国家森林认识的机会。A.dr