江苏专版2025版高考英语考前保分训练专题3阅读理解第2节说明文练习牛津译林版

PAGEPAGE1第2节说明文题组训练一1话题：新型马路难度：★★建议用时：7分钟Ofalltheplasticproducedsincethe1950s，lessthan10%hasbeenrecycled.Thevastmajorityendsupbeingthrown，mostofitinlandfill.Someislefttolitterthenaturalenvironment，whereitcangetintoriversandthesea.Recycledplasticisalreadyusedtomakesomeproducts，suchasgutteringandsewagepipes.Nowattentionisturningtoroads.OnSeptember11thinZwolle，acityintheNetherlands，a30-metrebicycletrackwith70%madefromrecycledplasticandtherestfrompolypropylenewasopened.ItwillbeusedtotestaproductcalledPlasticRoad，whichisbeingdevelopedbytwoDutchfirms—KWSInfra，aroadbuilder，andWavin，afirmthatmakesplasticpiping—inpartnershipwithTotal，aFrenchoilandgasfirm.PlasticRoadisprefabricated(预制的)inafactoryasmodularsections.Thesectionsarethentransportedtothesiteandlaidendtoendonasuitablefoundation，suchassand.Becausethesesectionsareemptyinside，internalchannelscanbeinstalledintothemfordrainage(排水)，alongwithpipesforservicessuchasgasandelectricity.FortheZwolleproject，sectionsthatare2.4metreslongand3metreswidewereused.Thesewerefittedwithsensorstomeasurethingssuchastemperature，flexibilityandtheflowofwaterthroughthedrainagechannels.Ifallgoeswell，theinventorshopetodeveloptheideaandmakethesectionsentirelyfromrecycledplastic.Paths，carparksandrailwayplatformscouldfollow.Eventually，sectionsforuseasactualroadsareplanned.Thesecouldcontainsensorsfortrafficmonitoring.Intime，thecircuitsintheplasticroadsmightextendtoassistingautonomousvehiclesandrechargingelectriccarswirelessly.Prefabricatedplasticroadsshouldlasttwotothreetimeslongerthanconventionalroadsandcostless，thecompaniesclaim，mainlybecauseconstructiontimewouldbereducedbyalmosttwo-thirds.Anti-slipsurfacescouldbeused，too，includingcrushedstoneswhicharetraditionallyusedtodressroadsurfaces.Thesections，whenreplaced，canalsoberecycled.Butengineerswillbewatchingtoseehowthetrackstandsuptowearandtearandifthehollowstructurecausesresonance(共振)，whichwouldmakesucharoadextremelynoisy.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了出现在荷兰的新型马路——PlasticRoad。1.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.ThebenefitsofPlasticRoad.B.TheprocessofmakingPlasticRoad.C.TheinspirationbehindPlasticRoad.D.ThefuturedevelopmentofPlasticRoad.答案D解析段落大意题。依据第四段的内容，尤其是“hopetodeveloptheidea...Paths，carparksandrailwayplatformscouldfollow”“sectionsforuseasactualroadsareplanned”“Intime，thecircuitsintheplasticroadsmightextendto...wirelessly”可知，本段主要涉及塑料马路将来的发展。故选D。2.Howaretheplasticroadsdifferentfromthetraditionalones?A.Theycanstayingoodconditionforalongertime.B.Theirweight-bearingcapacityisrelativelyweaker.C.Theyareentirelymadefromrecycledplasticatpresent.D.Theirconstructionismorecomplexandtime-consuming.答案A解析细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中的“Prefabricatedplasticroadsshouldlasttwotothreetimeslongerthanconventionalroads”可知，这种塑料马路运用寿命比传统马路长两到三倍。也就是说，相较于传统马路，塑料马路更耐用。故选A。3.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toshowdifferentwaystorecycleplastic.B.Toexplainthesignificanceofrecyclingplastic.C.Toinformreadersofanewproducttobuildroads.D.Tostresstheurgencyofprotectingtheenvironment.答案C解析写作意图题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种新型马路——塑料马路。故C项最能概括作者写作本文的主要目的。2话题：广告难度：★★建议用时：8分钟Imagineafuturewhereourstreetsarefilledwithads200mtall，wherebillboardschangebeforeoureyestogiveuspersonalizedmessages，andwherecompaniestrackoureverymoveaswewalkthroughacity，pinging(发送)specialofferstoourphonesasweneartheirshops.Infact，alloftheseformsofadvertisingarealreadybeingtested.Let’stakethefirstoftheseideas.Backin1982，sciencefictionmovieBladeRunnerpredictedafuturisticcityscapewheregiantadvertsstretchedthefullheightofskyscrapers.AndUKcompanyLightvertarenowdoingsomethingverysimilar，withonecrucialdifference.Insteadofmakingimmensephysicaladverts，theircommercialsaresentstraightintoconsumers’eyes.Theydothisbyattachingastripofreflectivematerialontoabuildingandprojectinganimageontoit.Thisimagethen“bounces”outintotheworld.Whenyoupassdirectlyinfrontoftheimage，youseeit.Itappearstobehugeandhunginmid-air，butotherscan’tseeit.Lightvertclaimsthisformofadvertisingdoesnotstandoutandcan“unlock”largeamountsof“high-valueadvertisingrealestate”.Butnoteveryoneissoldontheideaoflivinginaworldofendlessads.InMoscow，forexample，anewformofadvertisingtargetingmotoristshassplitopinion.DriversapproachingaparticulardigitalbillboardinthecityareshownadvertsforanewkindofJaguarcar，butonlyiftheyaredrivingadifferentmakeofvehicle.Sensorsinthebillboarddetectwhatkindofcaryouaredriving，andsendyouanadbasedonthatinformation.Whilethismayseeminvasive(侵入的)，it’sactuallythesafetyaspectthathasconcernedsomeobservers.ResearchersinSwedenhaveshownthatdigitalbillboardsattractoureyesforlongerthanotherkinds.Infact，theytakeourattentionawayforovertwoseconds，alengthoftimewhichhasprovedtobedangerousontheroads.Finally，wehave“proximitymarketing(邻近营销)”，whereshopsdetectwhereyouareonthehighstreetandsendtailoredadvertstoyourphone.DevicescapeisonecompanytriallingtheuseofWi-Fiasameansoftrackingcustomers.Theirtechnologycouldworkanywhere，whetherin“asupermarket，aconcerthall，orabus”，saysOwenGeddesfromtheirmarketingteam.Whatwouldcustomerssee？“Itcouldbeadiscountoffertouseintheshopthepersonisvisiting，orapieceofcontentsuchasamovietrailer，”saysMrGeddes.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。现代社会中，广告信息随处可见，这一产业的将来会是怎样的呢？我们是否会迎来这样的一天：人们走在城市的街道上，一抬头就能看到高达200米的广告？4.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutLightvert?A.Theyaremakinghugephysicalcommercials.B.Theyattachanimagetotheirhugecommercials.C.Theircommercialsaretargetedatalargeraudience.D.Theircommercialsareonlyvisiblefromonelocation.答案D解析推理推断题。依据第三段中的“Whenyoupassdirectlyinfrontoftheimage，youseeit.Itappearstobehugeandhunginmid-air，butotherscan’tseeit.”可知，你从图像前径直走过时，就能看到它。它看起来很大而且悬浮在半空中，不过别人看不到。由此可推知，Lightvert公司的商业广告只能从某个特定的位置看到。故选D。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraphimply?A.Somepeoplecan’tlivewithsomanyads.B.Someadsdon’tachievethedesiredresults.C.Somepeoplefeelconfusedaboutendlessads.D.Somepeoplearemoreusedtotraditionalads.答案A解析句意理解题。依据第四段的内容，尤其是“InMoscow，forexample，anewformofadvertisingtargetingmotoristshassplitopinion.”可知，莫斯科民众对一款面对汽车司机的新广告褒贬不一，也就是说，人们对这类广告在看法上有分歧。由此可知，画线句应是指有人无法忍受这样一个被各种广告充斥的世界。故选A。6.Whatistheproblemwithdigitalbillboardsaccordingtosomeobservers?A.Theyfailtoremindpeopleofdangerontheroads.B.Theymakepeoplelessconcentratedondriving.C.Theyhaveatendencytoviolatepeople’sprivacy.D.Theyareattractivebutkindofharmfultooureyes.答案B解析细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段中的“it’sactuallythesafetyaspectthathasconcernedsomeobservers”“attractoureyes”“theytakeourattentionawayforovertwoseconds，alengthoftimewhichhasprovedtobedangerousontheroads”可知，一些视察员真正担忧的是平安问题，因为数码广告牌会分散驾驶员的留意力，从而导致危急。故选B。7.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthispassage?A.TheFutureofAdvertisingB.HighTechnologyinAdvertisingC.AWorldFloodedwithAdvertisingD.DifferentOpinionsonAdvertising答案A解析标题归纳题。纵观全文，尤其是第一段中的“Imagineafuturewhere...ads”可知，本文主要讲解并描述了将来广告形式的相关内容，故A项作本文标题最佳。3话题：环境爱护难度：★★建议用时：7分钟Theworldisliterallyagreenerplacethanitwas20yearsago，anddatafromNASAsatelliteshasrevealedasourceformuchofthisnewgreeningphenomenon：ChinaandIndia.Thisnewinsightwasmadepossiblebyanearly20-year-longdatarecordfromaNASAinstrumentorbitingtheEarthontwosatellites.Takenalltogether，thegreeningoftheplanetoverthelasttwodecadesrepresentsanincreaseinleafareaonplantsandtreesequaltotheareacoveredbyalltheAmazonrainforests.Therearenowmorethantwomillionsquaremilesofextragreenleafareaperyear，comparedtotheearly2000s—a5%increase.“ChinaandIndiaaccountforone-thirdofthegreening，butcontainonly9%oftheplanet’slandareacoveredinvegetation(植被)—asurprisingfinding，consideringthecommonphenomenonoflanddegradation(恶化)inpopulouscountriesfromoveruse，”saidChiChen，leadauthorofthestudy.“Thislong-termdataletsusdigdeeper，”saidRamaNemani，aco-authorofthenewwork.“WhenthegreeningoftheEarthwasfirstobserved，wethoughtitwasduetoawarmer，wetterclimateandfertilizationfromtheaddedcarbondioxide(CO2)intheatmosphere，leadingtomoreleafgrowthinnorthernforests.Now，withthedatathatletsusunderstandthephenomenonatreallysmallscales，weseethathumansarealsocontributing.”China’soutsizedcontributiontotheglobalgreeningtrendcomesinlargepart(42%)fromprogramstoconserveandexpandforests.Theseweredevelopedinanefforttoreducetheeffectsofsoilerosion，airpollutionandclimatechange.Another32%there—82%ofthegreeningseeninIndia—comesfromintensive(集约的)growingoffoodcrops.Howthegreeningtrendmaychangeinthefuturedependsonnumerousfactors，bothonaglobalscaleandthelocalhumanlevel.Forexample，increasedfoodproductioninIndiaispromotedbygroundwaterirrigation.Ifthegroundwaterisrunningout，thistrendmaychange.TheresearcherspointoutthatthegainingreennessseenaroundtheworldandledbyIndiaandChinadoesnotoffsetthedamagefromlossofnaturalvegetationintropicalregions，suchasBrazilandIndonesia.Theconsequencesforsustainabilityandbiodiversityinthoseecosystemsremain.Nemaniisprettyexcitedaboutthefindings，andnotjustbecausethegreener，thebetter.“Oncepeoplerealizethere’saproblem，theytendtofixit，”hesaid.“Inthe70sand80sinIndiaandChina，thesituationaroundvegetationlosswasn’tgood；inthe90s，peoplerealizedit；andtodaythingshaveimproved.Humansareincrediblyadaptable.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。NASA的卫星资料显示，中国和印度的行动主导了地球变绿。8.TheEarthisgettinggreenermainlybecauseof.A.theexpandingofleafareaintropicalcountriesB.thedeterminedeffortstopreserveAmazonrainforestsC.thetree-plantingprogramsandintensiveagricultureD.afavorableclimateandincreasedCO2intheatmosphere答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“Theworldisliterallyagreenerplacethanitwas20yearsago，anddatafromNASAsatelliteshasrevealedasourceformuchofthisnewgreeningphenomenon：ChinaandIndia”和第五段中的“China’soutsizedcontributiontotheglobalgreeningtrendcomesinlargepart(42%)fromprogramstoconserveandexpandforests...India—comesfromintensive(集约的)growingoffoodcrops.”可知，中国和印度正引领着地球绿化的增加，而这主要源于中国的植树安排和两国的集约化农业。故选C。9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaytheresearchersagreewith?A.ThegreeningtrendinIndiawillcontinuetogoupwards.B.More“greening”meansbettercontrolofclimatechange.C.LandoverusethreatensthesuccessinthegreeningontheEarth.D.Thesustainabilityinglobalecosystemswillbegreatlyimproved.答案C解析推理推断题。依据第三段的内容可知，中国和印度的绿化面积占全球绿化面积的三分之一，但仅有全球9%的植被覆盖面积，考虑到人口稠密的国家普遍存在过度开发导致土地退化的现象，这是一个令人惊异的发觉。由此可推知，人们对土地的过度运用威逼着地球绿化的胜利。故选C。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offset”inthelastbutoneparagraphprobablymean?A.Prevent. B.Survive.C.Interrupt. D.Balance.答案D解析词义揣测题。依据倒数其次段最终一句可知，巴西和印度尼西亚等热带地区的生态系统的可持续性和生物多样性所受的负面影响仍旧存在。再结合第三段的内容可知，画线词所在句的含义应是：探讨人员指出，印度和中国主导的全球绿化的增加并不能抵消巴西和印度尼西亚等热带地区自然植被削减所带来的损失。offset是“抵消，弥补”之意，与balance“相抵，抵消”的含义相近。故选D。11.HowdoesNemanifeelaboutthefindings?A.Theyareapositiveindicatorofoverallhumannature.B.Theiraccuracyandreliabilityneedtobefurtherproved.C.Theyundervaluehumans’contributiontotheenvironment.D.Theirsignificanceforfutureresearchcannotbeoveremphasized.答案A解析推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“Oncepeoplerealizethere’saproblem，theytendtofixit...”“...inthe90s，peoplerealizedit；andtodaythingshaveimproved.Humansareincrediblyadaptable.”可知，当人们意识到问题时，他们会想方法来解决。人类具有出乎意料的适应实力。由此可知，探讨结果表明白人性主动的一面。故选A。题组训练二1话题：文字的重要性难度：★★建议用时：7分钟[2024·江西省名校(临川一中、南昌二中)联考]Astheinternationaldemandfornarrative(叙事的)film/TVcontentcontinuestoincreasewithpopularstreamingserviceslikeNetflixandothers，thetwoquestionsthencome：willthecominggenerationsreceivemostoftheirentertainmentthroughvisualmeansratherthanthroughthewrittenwordandwillsuchanincreaseofnarrativefilm/TVreducetheimportanceofreading?Growingexamplesofthistrendincludethediminishment(削减)offictioninthecommoncore(核心的)curriculum，theever-risingcultureofcomputergames，thewaveofstreamingservicesofwideinternationalreach，andmoviesfilledwithspecialeffectsmadeforchildrenandteenagers.Normustweignoretheeconomicdangersthatlieaheadforthewrittenword.Thenarrativefilmindustryisamoneymakerthatdwarfs(使黯然失色)thepublishingindustry.Theotherunderlyingquestion，ofcourse，is“doesitreallymatterifthewrittenwordbowstotheworldofnarrativefilm/TV？”Frommypointofview，anydiminishmentoffictiondeliveredbywordsisalossformankind.Thereisnogreaterhumanfeaturethantheimagination.Itliesattheverysoulofthehumanspecies.Itisthebrain’smostpowerfulengine.Itistheessentialmuscleoflifeandlikeallmusclesitmustbeexercisedandstrengthened.Writingandreadingaretheprincipaltoolsthatinspire，createandempowerourimagination.Anythingthatdiminishesthatpoweristheenemyofmankind.ItshouldbeknownthatIamnotopposedtonewmediaandtechnologicaladvances.Instead，Ihavealwaysfeltitnecessarytoadapttoadvancingtechnology.Infact，anumberofmynovelsareinvariousstagesofdevelopmentforfilm，TV，andlivestageproductions.Myhopeisthatthewrittenwordwillonlystandtobecomplemented(补充)byitsvisualcounterparts(对应物)，notpushedtotheedgeofextinction.Ofcourse，therearethosewhowillpresentargumentsforthesuperiorityofthemovingimageoverthewrittenword.Eachhasitsplace.Myargumentisforfindingtherightbalancebetweenitandthemovingimage.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了叙事电影行业的发展让文字变得黯然失色。作者认为文字是激发和增加我们想象力的重要工具，同时表达了对阅读的命运的担忧。1.Inwhatwaydoesnarrativefilm/TVembarrassthewrittenword?A.Economicbenefits.B.Internationalreach.C.Culturalinfluence.D.Educationalimportance.答案A解析细微环节理解题。依据其次段最终一句“Thenarrativefilmindustryisamoneymakerthatdwarfs(使黯然失色)thepublishingindustry.”可知，叙事电影行业是一个令出版行业黯然失色的赚钱行业，由此可知，叙事电影行业在经济利益方面使文字变得尴尬。故选A。2.Whydoestheauthorvaluetheroleofthewrittenword?A.Itstrengthensourmuscles.B.Ithelpssharpenourimagination.C.Itdistinguishesmanfromeachother.D.Itpavesthewayfornarrativefilm/TV.答案B解析细微环节理解题。依据第五段第一句“Writingandreadingaretheprincipaltoolsthatinspire，createandempowerourimagination.”可知，写作和阅读是激发、创建和增加我们想象力的主要工具，由此可知，作者重视文字的作用是因为它能提高我们的想象力。故选B。3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstechnology?A.Cautious. B.Skeptical.C.Positive. D.Critical.答案C解析推理推断题。依据倒数其次段其次句“Instead，Ihavealwaysfeltitnecessarytoadapttoadvancingtechnology.”可知，作者觉得有必要适应先进的技术，由此可推知，作者对技术持主动的看法。故选C项。4.What’stheauthorconcernedabout?A.Thefateofreading.B.Theextinctionoffiction.C.Theimpactofthewrittenword.D.Thefutureofthemovingimage.答案A解析细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段最终一句“Myhopeisthatthewrittenwordwillonlystandtobecomplemented(补充)byitsvisualcounterparts(对应物)，notpushedtotheedgeofextinction.”可知，作者希望书面文字会得到视觉文字的补充，而不是被推到灭亡的边缘，由此可知，作者担忧的是阅读的命运。故选A。2话题：养宠物难度：★★建议用时：7分钟Owningalovable，cuddlypetcanunquestionablymakeone’shomelifebetter—andapparently，itcanaffectpetowners’professionallivesaswell.Infact，accordingtoanewsurvey，peoplewhohaveownedpetsmaybemoreprofessionallysuccessful.ThesurveywasconductedbyKeltonGlobalResearchforBanfieldPetHospital.Theresearcherssurveyed857adultsintheUnitedStateswithavarietyofcareers.AmongtheC-suiteexecutives(高管)surveyed,93percentgrewwithapetintheirhome，with78percentclaimingthatgrowingupwithapethelpedcausetheircareersuccessasanadult.Interestingly,83percentofC-suiteexecutiveswhoparticipatedsaidtheygrewupwithadog,59percentofthemsaidtheygrewupwithacat，and37percentofthemsaidtheygrewupwithanotherkindofpet.So，howexactlydoespetownershipcausecareersuccess？Well，accordingtoBanfield’sresearch，executivesreportedthattheirpethelpedteachthemlessonslikeresponsibility，creativity，sympathy，discipline，andorganization，whichhaveallbeeninvaluableinthebusinessworld.“AtBanfieldPetHospital，we’velongrecognizedthespecialbondbetweenpeopleandtheirpets，aswellasthepositiveimpactpetshaveonoursociety，”BrianGarish，presidentofBanfieldPetHospitalsaid.“Fromthepetownershiplessonswelearnedaschildren，tothewaysourfour-leggedfriendscurrentlyhelpusevolve，connectwithothers，andstaygrounded，ourlatestresearchsupportsthebeliefwe’vehadallalong—thattheremaybealinkbetweenpetsandtheirabilitytohelpshapeusaspeople.”Butwhataboutpeoplewhogrewuppet-less，buthaveadoptedpetsasadults?Accordingtotheresearch,86percentofcurrentpetparentssurveyedsaidowningpetshelpsthemsticktoaroutine，bettermanagetheirtime，andmoreefficientlymultitask.Butevenifyoudon’tthinkyourpethasdirectlyhelpedyou，yourcoworkers’knowledgethatyouhaveapetmayactuallybebeneficialforyourcareer.Infact,80percentofpeoplesurveyedsaidthey“feelmoreconnectedwithcolleagueswhoarepetowners”and79percentofthosesurveyedbelievedthatfellowco-workerswhohavepetsare“hardworkers”.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。养一只可爱的宠物无疑会让家庭生活更美妙，而且这好像还能影响到宠物主子的职业生涯。一项最新调查显示，养宠物的人在职业上会更加胜利。5.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheresearch?A.Theparticipantswererandomlyselected.B.ThemajorityofAmericansliketoraisepets.C.Keepingdogsismorerewardingthankeepingcats.D.Manyparticipantsgrewupwithmultiplekindsofpets.答案D解析推理推断题。依据其次段最终一句可知，受调查的高管中，83%的人说和宠物狗一起长大，59%的人说和宠物猫一起长大，37%的人说和其他种类的宠物一起长大。这些比例的总和超过100%，由此可推知，许多受调查者家里不止一种宠物。故选D。6.Accordingtotheresearch，acolleaguewhoownsapetisbelievedto.A.havemorepatienceB.bemoreaccessibleC.possessahigherIQD.takeworkmoreseriously答案B解析细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中的“Infact,80percentofpeoplesurveyedsaidthey‘feelmoreconnectedwithcolleagueswhoarepetowners’”可知，80%的受调查者说，他们和养宠物的同事感觉更亲近，故饲养宠物的人更简单接近。故选B。7.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?A.Owningpetsensuresyouasuccessfullife.B.Raisingpetsteachesyoumanygoodvalues.C.Havingpetshelpsindividualssucceedincareers.D.Raisingpetsispopularamongsuccessfulpeople.答案C解析主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“peoplewhohaveownedpetsmaybemoreprofessionallysuccessful”可知，本文的主题是“养宠物的人在职业上可能会更加胜利”，故C项最能概括文章的主要内容。3话题：蔬菜种植新方式难度：★建议用时：7分钟MostofBangladeshisatorbelowsealevel.Risingseawaterslinkedtoclimatechangehasseverelyaffectedthecountry.Highwaterfromstormsincoastalareasalsoaddssalttosoil.Thelandisbecomingsalty.Cropsarelessproductiveandmanyareasofcroplandinthecountryarebecomingunfitforfarming.Thesearebigproblemsforthesmallcountry.Morethan155millionpeopleliveinBangladesh.GrowingcropsisthemostcommonwayBangladeshissupportthemselves.Tofindawayout，farmersinthecountryarelearningtogrowvegetablesinso-called“verticalgardens”.Thesoilinthesegardensisbetterbecauseheavyrainshaveremovedmuchofthesalt.Averticalgardeniseasytomake.Villagersfillcontainerswithgoodsoilandnaturalfertilizers.Theyputthecontainersonbrickssotheyareofftheground.Theyaddpiecesofthebrickstothesoiltohelpwaterflowanddrain(排水).Thefarmerscutsmallholesintothesidesofthecontainers.Thispermitsvegetableswithshortrootsaplacetogrow.Vegetableswithlongrootsgrowontopofthecontainer.Onebagofsoilcanproduceuptoeightkilogramsofvegetablesinoneseason.Thefarmersalsogrowvegetablesincontainersmadefromlarge，thinpiecesofplasticsupportedbybamboo.This“verticaltower”measuresmorethanameterwide.Eachofthesetowerscanproducemorethan100kilogramsofvegetables.Itcostsabout$12－$13tobuild.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。“农作物产量削减”是孟加拉国的一个大问题。为了找到出路，这个国家的农夫正在学习在所谓的“垂直花园”里种植蔬菜。8.WhatismentionedasabigproblemforBangladesh?A.Severeclimateconditions.B.Toomanypeopletosupport.C.Lackofenoughfreshwater.D.Reducedcropproductivity.答案D解析细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“Cropsarelessproductiveandmanyareasofcroplandinthecountryarebecomingunfitforfarming.Thesearebigproblemsforthesmallcountry.”可知，“农作物产量削减”是孟加拉国的一个大问题。故选D。9.Whichmainlymakesvegetablegrowinginverticalgardenssuccessful?A.Placesinthesoilforroots.B.Heavyrainskeptinthesoil.C.Thegoodsoilwithlittlesalt.D.Brickpiecesaddedtothesoil.答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据其次段其次句“Thesoilinthesegardensisbetterbecauseheavyrainshaveremovedmuchofthesalt.”可知，少盐的好土让垂直花园的蔬菜种植胜利。故选C。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3referto?A.Bricks. B.Fertilizers.C.Villagers. D.Containers.答案D解析代词指代题。依据第三段可知，垂直花园很简单建立。村民们用好土和自然肥料装满容器。他们把容器放在砖上，这样它们就离地了。他们在土壤中加入砖块来帮助水流和排水。由此推知画线词they指代的是“容器”。故选D。11.Whatcanweinferabouttheverticaltower?A.Itisofftheground.B.Itdrainsveryimproperly.C.Itusesbambooforcontainers.D.Itisunfitforgrowingvegetables.答案A解析推理推断题。依据最终一段前两句“Thefarmersalsogrowvegetablesincontainersmadefromlarge，thinpiecesofplasticsupportedbybamboo.This‘verticaltower’measuresmorethanameterwide.”可知，农夫们也在由竹子支撑的大而薄的塑料片制成的容器里种植蔬菜。这个“verticaltower”有一米多宽。故选A。题组训练三1话题：科技独创难度：★★建议用时：8分钟EvenwhentheruggedexpansesoftheGreatSmokyMountainswereburstingwiththeirfamousfallcolors，theyalwayslookeddullblackandyellowishtoVanLewfromthe3,590-foot-highperchofMountHarrison.For20-year-oldVanLew，whohasbeencolor-blindhiswholelife，somecolorshavejustbeenlefttotheimagination.Helovespainting，buthiswifeMollyhastohelphimpickandmixcolors.Lastweek，however，whenVanLewvisitedthescenicmountaintopagainandlookedthroughaspecialviewfinder，forthefirsttimehesawyellows，orangesandredsexplodingacrossthelandscape.“Redisthebiggestdifference.Imean，Ican’tdescribeit，”saidVanLew.“It’sthemostbeautifulthingI’veeverseeninmylife.Thatred，it’sjustlovely.It’sunbelievable.”Acolor-blindviewfinderwhichletspeopleenjoycolorsthattheymayhaveneverseenbeforewasfixedonthetopoftheOberGatlinburgresort(旅游胜地)bytheTennesseeDepartmentofTouristDevelopmentlastWednesday.Itisoneofthreeinthestate.TheothertwoviewfindersareatscenicareasofBigSouthForkNationalRiverandRecreationAreanearOneida，andattheWestboundInterstate26overlooknearErwininUnicoiCounty.Althoughthetechnologyisn’tnew—eyeglassesthatletcolor-blindpeopleseecolorsarealreadyavailable—stateofficialsbelievethisisthefirsttimeit’sbeenincludedinaviewfinder，atacostof$2,000each，tohelppeoplewithred-greencolor-blindness.Howclearlytheviewfindersshownewcolorscanvaryfrompersontopersonamongthe13millionorsopeoplewithcolor-blindnessinthecountry.StatetourismofficialsinvitedpeopletotryitoutlastThursdayatOberGatlinburg.Theybroughtthemupbyskilift，butleftthedetailssomewhatvaguetomaintaintheelementofsurprise.Acameracrewfilmedtheirreactionsformarketingmaterial.Theirfirstlookdrewtears，smilesandastonishedfaceswithwonderandawe.“Myheartjuststartedbeatingfast，”saidToddHeil，whogenerallysawalotofgreen.“Ifeltlikecrying，man.Toomanypeoplearound.”ForVanLew，nothinglooksthesamenow.Itcanbealittlediscouragingtoknowwhathe’sbeenmissing，butthepossibilityoftappingintoalong-unseenworldoflivelycolorsisuplifting.“It’sgoingtoenablemorepeopletoexperiencethebeautythatwelivein，thatIdidn’tknowwelivedin，”hesaid.语篇解读本文是说明文。OberGatlinburg最近安装了色盲取景器，使色盲者能看到五彩世界。1.WhydoestheauthorrefertoVanLew’swife?A.Totellushehasahappymarriagelife.B.Tostresstheimportanceofcolorsinpainting.C.Toshowtheinconveniencehisconditioncaused.D.Toletusknowhowoptimisticheistowardslife.答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“20-year-oldVanLew，whohasbeencolor-blindhiswholelife”可知，VanLew是色盲者，紧接着本段最终一句就提到“Helovespainting，buthiswifeMollyhastohelphimpickandmixcolors.”，目的是表明色盲这种疾病给他带来了不便，故C项正确。2.WhatcanweknowabouttheGreatSmokyMountains?A.Itisdullblackandyellowishallyearround.B.ItiswheretheOberGatlinburgresortlies.C.Itisequippedwiththreecolor-blindviewfinders.D.Itisthefirstplaceinthestatetouseaviewfinder.答案B解析推理推断题。依据其次段的内容可知，VanLew再次上了山顶，这次他看到了各种颜色；第三段告知我们在OberGatlinburg旅游胜地安装了色盲取景器。由此可推断OberGatlinburg旅游胜地在GreatSmokyMountains，故B项正确。3.Whydidthestatetourismofficialsgivefewdetails?A.Becausetheytriedtomakeafilm.B.Becausetheyhadnowaytodescribethem.C.Becausethefantasticbeautywasbeyondwords.D.Becausetheywantedagreateffectofadvertisement.答案D解析推理推断题。依据第五段中的“...tomaintaintheelementofsurprise.Acameracrewfilmedtheirreactionsformarketingmaterial.”可知，州旅游部门的官员们之所以模糊处理细微环节是为了达到好的广告宣扬效果，故D项正确。4.HowdoesVanLewfindhisseeingtherealworldofcolors?A.Bittersweet. B.Thrilling.C.Regrettable. D.Calming.答案A解析推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“ForVanLew...Itcanbealittlediscouragingtoknowwhathe’sbeenmissing，butthepossibilityoftappingintoalong-unseenworldoflivelycolorsisuplifting.”可知，VanLew既为之前所错过的感到懊丧，又为能看到以前没看到的感到快乐，故bittersweet“甜中有苦的，既有快乐又有哀痛的”正确。2话题：压力大的负面影响难度：★★建议用时：7分钟Stressinmiddleagecanmakeyourbrainshrinkandmakeyourmemoryworse，scientistshavediscovered.Thebrain-reducingeffectsofstress，identifiedinpeopleintheir40sfreefromdementia—aseriousmentaldisordercausedbybraindiseaseorinjury，werefoundtobesetoffbycortisol(皮质醇).Thehighlevelsofthestresshormonemaybeanearlywarningsignthatsomeonemayendupwithdementia，theresearchsuggests.Stressalsomadepeople’sthinkingskillsworse，theHarvardMedicalSchoolstudy，publishedinthejournalNeurology，found.Fortheresearch，scientistsledbyDrJustinB.Echouffo-Tcheuguistudied2,231peoplewithanaverageageof49andfreeofdementia.Hesaid，“Ourresearchdetectedmemorylossandbrainshrinkageinmiddle-agedpeoplebeforesymptomsstartedtoshow.Soit’simportantforpeopletofindwaystoreducestress，suchasgettingenoughsleep，takingpartinmoderate(适度的)exercise，makingrelaxationtechniquespartoftheirdailylives，oraskingtheirdoctorabouttheircortisollevelsandtakingacortisol-reducingmedicationifneeded.”Healsoadded，“It’simportantforphysicianstogiveprofessionaladvicetoallpeoplewithhighercortisollevels.”Atthestartofthestudy，eachparticipantdidtestsontheirmemoryandthinkingskills.Theneightyearslatertheyrepeatedtheexercises.Asubsetofthegroup,2,018people，alsohadanMRIbrainscantomeasurethevolumeoftheirbrain.Oncetheresultswereadjustedforage，sex，smokingandthebodymassindex(BMI)，researchersfoundlowerscoresontestsofmemoryandthinkinginpeoplewithhigherlevelsofcortisolthanthosewithaveragelevels.Inaddition，peoplewithhighercortisollevelshadasmallerbrainvolume，withthosewithhighcortisollevelshavingbrainsthatwere88.5percentofthetotalcranialvolume.Thiswascomparedto88.7percentofthetotalcranialvolumeforpeoplewithnormallevelsofthehormone.Nolinkswerefoundbetweenlowlevelsofcortisolandbrainsize.Cortisolhelpsthebodyrespondtostressandwhenwearestressed，cortisollevelsincreasebecausethatisourfight-or-flightresponse.Itcanalsohelpreduceinflammation(发炎)，controlbloodsugarandbloodpressure，regulatemetabolismandhelpwithimmuneresponse.Highcortisollevelscanbecausedbystress，medicalconditionsormedications.“Cortisolaffectsmanydifferentfunctionssoitisimportanttofullyinvestigatehowhighlevelsofthehormonemayaffectthebrain，”DrEchouffo-Tcheuguisaid.“Whileotherstudieshaveexaminedcortisolandmemory，webelieveourlarge，community-basedstudyisthefirsttoexplore，inmiddle-agedpeople，cortisollevelsandbrainvolume，aswellasmemoryandthinkingskills.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。探讨表明，中年压力过大会导致记忆力下降和大脑萎缩。5.WhatmayDrEchouffo-Tcheuguisuggestpeopledoaboutstress-reducing?A.Gotothedoctor’sregularly.B.Rideabicyclearoundalake.C.Earlytobedandearlytorise.D.Strengthenthesocialnetwork.答案B解析推理推断题。依据其次段中的“suchasgettingenoughsleep，takingpartinmoderate(适度的)exercise，makingrelaxationtechniquespartoftheirdailylives”可知，DrEchouffo-Tcheugui给人们供应的减压方法有获得足够睡眠，适度熬炼，把放松技巧融入日常生活等。再结合四个选项可知，“沿湖骑自行车”属于“适度熬炼”的范畴。故选B。6.Whichstatementaboutcortisolmaytheauthoragreewith?A.Themorestressedonefeels，thehigherhiscortisollevelsare.B.Highercortisollevelsareassociatedwithlargerbrainvolume.C.Ageandgenderplayabigroleintheparticipants’cortisollevels.D.Peoplewithhighcortisollevelswillsufferfromhighbloodpressure.答案A解析细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段中的“Cortisolhelpsthebodyrespondtostressandwhenwearestressed，cortisollevelsincrease”可知，当人们感受到压力时，人体内的皮质醇水平会上升。由此可知，人们感受到的压力越大，体内的皮质醇水平就会越高。故选A。7.What’sthepossibledirectionforfutureresearchimpliedinthepassage?A.Howhighcortisollevelsaffecthumanbrains.B.Thelinkbetweencortisollevelsandmemory.C.Howcortisolaffectspeople’sbodilyfunctions.D.Thelinkbetweencortisollevelsandbrainsize.答案A解析细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中的“soitisimportanttofullyinvestigatehowhighlevelsofthehormonemayaffectthebrain”可知，本文示意的一个将来的探讨方向可能是高皮质醇水平是如何对人脑产生影响的。故选A。8.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A.Tosuggesttheefficientwaystoreducestress.B.Topresentthefeaturesandfunctionsofcortisol.C.Toexplainhowcortisolaffectspeople’sstresslevel.D.Toshowstresscancausememorylossandbrainshrinkage.答案D解析写作意图题。纵观全文，尤其是第一段中的“makeyourbrainshrinkandmakeyourmemoryworse”以及其次段中的“Ourresearchdetectedmemorylossandbrainshrinkageinmiddle-agedpeople”可知，本文主要介绍了一项探讨发觉，即中年压力过大会导致记忆力下降和大脑萎缩。而作者写作本文就是为了告知读者这一项探讨发觉，故D项最能概括写作意图。3话题：宠物肥胖的缘由难度：★★★建议用时：8分钟Untillastyear，Borriswouldneverturndownaporksteak.HewaspartialtoicecreamduringthesummerandlovedtheSundayroastinthewinter—includingbeef，pigsinblankets，mashedpotatoes，andaselectionofvegetables.Bythetimehisowner，AnnemarieFormoy，enteredhiminthePDSAPetFitClubcompetition，whichhelpsov