高一英语北师大版学案：CultureShockWarmupandLesson

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精英语北师版必修4 Unit12CultureShock Warm。up&Lesson1重要词汇重要词汇相关提示apologyn.道歉,认错可与介词to和for连用；同时掌握与之对应的动词apologize的用法absorbvt.理解，掌握；吸收可表示多种不同的含义，掌握beabsorbedin的固定搭配getusedto习惯于该短语中的to为介词；注意与beusedto的细微差别majorityn。大半,大多数可指可数名词或不可数名词，常与the一起使用，注意themajority（of。。.）用作主语时谓语的数与所跟名词的数一致indicatevt。表明；表示常接that引导的宾语从句作宾语，了解其派生词indication和indicativerequestn.请求注意与其内容相关的名词性从句需用虚拟语气；掌握其与不同介词搭配时的不同含义。了解其用作动词的主要用法familiaradj。熟悉的，常见的掌握常用短语befamiliarto/with的具体含义和用法cautiousadj.小心翼翼的，谨慎的常与介词about连用，也可接不定式或that引导的从句injurevt。伤害了解其表示“伤害”的具体含义；注意其与wound的区别belongvi。适应；属于表示状态的动词，没有被动语态和进行时；常与介词to连用attachvt。喜欢，依恋;系，固定掌握attach..。to的固定搭配及beattachedto的引申意义contraryadj.相反的可与介词to搭配,了解其用作名词时与介词的搭配，掌握其具体用法和含义bearvt。携带；容忍与stand同义，后接名词、动名词、不定式等作宾语；常与can,could连用，用于否定句和疑问句forgivevt。宽恕,饶恕掌握forgive...for的搭配用法，注意其与excuse的区别contrastn。差异，差别常与介词in,by等连用，掌握其与不同介词搭配时的不同含义重点句型1．Icertainlyoweyouanapologyfornotwritingmoreoften.→Icertainlyoweyouanapologyfor...我为……向你表示抱歉。2．I’vejustbeensobusystudyingandtryingtoabsorballthenewthingsaroundme—IthinkI’mstillexperiencingcultureshock.→I'vejustbeensobusydoingsth。我一直忙于做某事。3．Idon’tknowwhatyourexpectationsareofLondon,butknowingthatyou'venevertravelledoutsideofAsia，IthoughtI’dtellyouabitaboutwhatyoucanexpecttofind。→Idon’tknowwhatyourexpectationsareof。.。我不知道你对……的期望是什么.4．Youdon’thavetobookaccommodationinadvanceasyouwillcertainlymanagetofindalocalpersonwhowilloffertoputyouupataveryreasonableprice.→Youdon’thaveto...as。。。你不必……，因为……5．Whenaskediftheywouldshowthattheywereangryatwork,71%ofItaliansindicatedthattheywouldshowthisopenly。→Whenaskedifsb。would。。。，.。。当某人被问及是否会……时,……Sb。indicatedthat...某人表示……6．Heinsistedonwalkingmetothestationtoseemeoff.→Sb。insist(ed)ondoingsth。某人坚持做某事.7．Atfirst，wedidn’tfeelwebelonghere，butnowweareattachedtothelandweliveon。→Sb.isattachedto.。.某人对……表示依恋。8．Contrarytopopularbelief，Australiaisnotadullplaceatallforpeoplewantingculture.→Contrarytopopularbelief，..。与一般人们的认识相反，……9．Ican'tbearthewaythenativeAustralianshavebeentreated.→Ican'tbeartheway。。。我受不了……的方式。10．Iwonderifthey'lleverforgivethewaythey’vebeentreated。→Iwonderifsb.will.。。我在想某人是否会……重点语法1．掌握常见的接不定式和动名词的动词的用法；2．学习和掌握现在分词的用法。写作要求用本单元所学知识,写一封非正式书信。Warm。up&Lesson1VisitingBritain一、说起英语，英国一定是许多人首先想到的国家.作为英语的故乡,英国所吸引海外学子和游客的除了得天独厚的语言优势，还有很多方面的魅力。你对英国又有怎样的了解呢？请仿照下面的示例记录你对这个国家的了解例：Universities：Oxford_University1．Sports：______2。Buildings:______3．Transport：______4.Writers：______5．Weather：______6。Characters：______答案：1.football2。BigBen3。underground4.Shakespeare5。foggy6.conservative二、从课文中找出下列短语并翻译1．bebusydoing______2．bedifferentfrom______3．payfor______4．firstofall______5．asaresult______6．atleast______7．(be)confusedabout______8．talkof______答案：1.忙于做某事2。与……不同3。为……付款4。首先5。结果6。至少，最少7。对……感到困惑8.说起，谈起三、从课文中找出与下列英文释义对应的单词1．______tofeelthatyoushouldgivesomeoneanexplanationofwhyyoudidsomething，orsayyouaresorry2．______somethingthatyousayorwritetoshowthatyouaresorryfordoingsomethingwrong3．______toreadorhearalargeamountofnewinformationandunderstandit4．______continuingforashorttimeorusingveryfewwordsorincludingfewdetails5．______whatyouthinkorhopewillhappen6．______togivesomeonesomethingandreceivethesamekindofthingfromthematthesametime7．______towalkslowlyacrossoraroundanarea，usuallywithoutacleardirectionorpurpose8．______mostofthepeopleorthingsinagroup9．______fairandsensible10．______tomakearrangementsforstayinginaplace，eatinarestaurant，gotoatheatreetc。ataparticulartimeinthefuture答案：1。owe2。apology3.absorb4。brief5.expectation6。exchange7.wander8。majority9。reasonable10.book四、快速阅读课文，选择正确答案1．ThelettertoAuntMeiwaswritten______.A．beforeAuntMei'svisittoLondonB．duringAuntMei’svisittoLondonC．afterAuntMei'svisittoLondonD．untilAuntMei’svisittoLondon2．Xiaojinwaswritingtheletterto______。A．makeanapologytoAuntMeiB．thankAuntMeiforhervisittoherC．inviteAuntMeitovisitLondonD．tellAuntMeisomethingaboutLondon3．OnceXiaojinhadamealatarestaurant,whenshepaidthebill，shefounditwas19poundsandthetipwasnotincluded,sosheleft______forthewaiter。A．￡0.19B．￡19C．￡2D．￡3。84．WhenhikingintheEnglishcountryside,onehadbetter______.A．notwanderthroughthefieldsB．makesurewhetherthemushroomshepicksareeatableC．wearwarmclothesD．listentotheweatherreportbeforegoing5．BritishhumourandChinesehumour______。A．havenosimilarityB．havenodifferenceC．arealmostthesameD．aredifferentfromeachother6．Fromtheletter，weknowmanythingsaboutBritainexcept______.A．whatforbreakfastB．tippingsystemC．educationD．weather答案：1.A2.D3.C4.B5.D6.C五、从课文中找出下列各句画线的动词,观察其后所接动词的形式并用所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子1．Thesedaysmoreandmorepeoplecanafford______（fly），whichmeanstheairwaysbecomeincreasinglycrowded。2．Iabsolutelyrefuse______（take)partinanythingillegal.3．Iexpected______（find）himinthebar，buthewasn’tthere.4．Billhaddoneeverythinghecouldtoavoid______(talk)tome。5．Joansuggested______（ask)herfatherforhisopinion。6．Tosavemoney，weevenconsidered______（repair)theroofbyourselves.7．Weneed______（let）kidsberesponsible，makesomechoices，andfeelpowerful。8．ThedoctoradvisedJoe______(lose)weightandexercisemore。9．Youngchildrenenjoy______(help)aroundthehouse。10．Icouldn’trisk______(take)aphotograph—thereweretoomanysoldiersaround。答案:1.tofly2。totake3。tofind4。talking5。asking6.repairing7.tolet8.tolose9.helping10．taking1．Icertainlyoweyouanapologyfornotwritingmoreoften.没有多给您写信我感到非常抱歉。考点一：owevt.欠（债)Youowemeanapology。你欠我一个道歉！Thankyouforthemagazineyouboughtforme。HowmuchdoIoweyou？谢谢您给我买的这本杂志，我该付您多少钱？Thefactoryowesalotofmoneytothebank.那家工厂欠银行一大笔钱.Don’tletmeforgetthatIoweyouforthetrainticket。别忘了提醒我我还欠你火车票的钱呢。归纳：owe用作及物动词时，后可接双宾语；也可直接接表示钱、货款、债务的词作宾语,to后接欠款的对象，for后接造成欠款的物品。1）owe可引申为“受到某人的恩惠”之意。Iowesomuchtomyfamilyforstandingbymethroughthistrouble.我非常感激我的家人，他们支持我度过了这个难关。Weoweagreatdealtoourparents。我们深受父母之恩。2)固定搭配：owe.。.to..。把……归功于……Heoweshissuccesstohardworkandperseverance.他将自己的成功归结于努力和坚持。Heowesittohisfamily’sloveandcarethathegainsconfidenceagain.他重拾信心是靠家人的关爱。3）习惯用法:oweitto。。。that。。.感激，亏得……IoweittoyouthatIfinishedtheprojectintime。多亏你我才得以及时完成了这个项目.考点二:apologyn.道歉,认错Imustofferheranapologyfornotgoingtoherparty。我没有去参加她的聚会，必须向她表示歉意。Hemadeanapologytotheteacherforbeinglateandtheteacheraccepteditwithoutsayingaword.他因为迟到向老师道歉,老师一句话没说就接受了。归纳：apology是可数名词，其后可用介词to引导致歉的对象（人)，用介词for引导道歉的原因(事).apologizevi。道歉Ithinkyoushouldapologizeforlosingyourtemperwithher。我认为你应该为你向她发脾气而道歉。Youmustapologizetoyoursisterforbeingsorude。你太无理了，必须向你姐姐道歉。IapologizetoyouforwhatIhavesaid。我为所说的话向你道歉。归纳：apologize是不及物动词，用介词to引导apologize的对象,用介词for引导apologize的原因。单项填空1）I______ittomyparentsthatIhavegonethroughthathardtime。A．ownB．appreciateC．thankD．owe2)Thecaptainmadea(n)______tothepassengersforthedelaycausedbythebadweather。A．apologyB．agreementC．callD．visit用正确的介词填空3）Heowesagreatdeal______hispublishers。4）Youshouldmakeanapologytoher______sayingrudewords。5)Youmustapologize______yourteacher______beinglate.答案：1）D2)A3)to4）for5）to;for2．I’vejustbeensobusystudyingandtryingtoabsorballthenewthingsaroundme—IthinkI’mstillexperiencingcultureshock。我一直忙于学习，了解身边的新事物——我觉得自己仍在经历文化冲击。考点:absorbvt.理解，掌握；吸收Ireadthepassageagainandagain,tryingtoabsorbitscontents.这短文我读了又读，想尽量理解它的内容。Plantsabsorbdioxideandreleaseoxygen。植物吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气。1)absorb表示“吸引（注意力）,使全神贯注”。Sheseemedtotallyabsorbedinherbook.她好像完全被这本书迷住了。归纳:absorb表示“吸引(注意力），使全神贯注"时,常用过去分词形式absorbed；短语beabsorbedin意为“全神贯注于……，沉浸在……”。2)派生词：absorptionn。吸收;专心致志，全神贯注Aplantgetsfoodfromthesoilbytheabsorptionofwaterandmineralsthroughitsroots.植物通过根从土壤里吸取水分和矿物质来获得食物。Ireallyappreciatehiscompleteabsorptioninhiswork。我很欣赏他对工作的专注.单项填空1）Shewasso______inherjobthatshedidn'thearanybodyknockingatthedoor。A．attractedB．absorbedC．drawnD．concentrated2)Thewriterwasso______inherworkthatshedidn’tnoticehimentertheroom。A．absorbedB．abandonedC．focusedD．centered翻译下列句子(注意各句中的absorb）3)Thecleverboyabsorbedalltheknowledgehisteachercouldgivehim.________________________________________________________________________4）Theworkabsorbedhimandcontinuedtomakehimhappy。________________________________________________________________________5)Dryearthabsorbswaterquickly。________________________________________________________________________6）Hefoundhisuncleabsorbedinreadinganewspaper。________________________________________________________________________答案:1)B2)A3)那个聪明的男孩把他老师所能教他的所有知识都掌握了。4）工作吸引了他的注意力并使他感到其乐无穷。5)干土吸水很快。6)他发现他叔叔正在专心看报纸.3．Iwishyourvisitwasn'tgoingtobesobriefbutthere'salotwecandoandseeinaweek.我真的希望您的来访时间不会这么短，但是一个星期时间我们也可以做许多事情，去参观许多地方.剖析:本句为but连接的并列复合句。but前的分句中,wish后接省略that引导的宾语从句，该从句使用“wasn'tgoingto＋动词原形"形式的过去将来时，表示一种假设；but后的分句中，“wecandoandsee"是省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰不定代词alot。wish后的宾语从句通常使用虚拟语气，从句表达的内容与现在事实相反时,用一般过去时表示。如:IwishIcouldgotothebeachtoday.我真希望今天能够去海滩。-Ifonlyitwere!Idowishitwere.但愿如此！我真希望是这样。考点：briefadj。短暂的，简短的Theschoolmastergaveabriefintroductionofthehistoryofourschoolontheopeningceremonyoftheterm。校长在开学典礼上简要介绍了我们学校的历史。Oldphotographsgiveoneabriefglimpseofthepast.老照片是历史的缩影.归纳:brief既可指时间的“短暂"，也可指话语、文章篇幅等的“简短”。1)常用搭配:inbrief简短地；简言之Canyoufirstintroduceyourselfinbrief？你能先简单地介绍一下自己吗？Inbrief，itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan。简而言之，尽我们所能地恢复自然的原始之美应该成为我们的目标。2)派生词:brieflyadv.短暂地；简短地，简要地WestoppedoffbrieflyinLondon。我们在伦敦作了短暂的停留.Canyoudescribeyourworkingexperiencebriefly？你能简要地介绍一下你的工作经验吗？单项填空1)Heisnotrich,buthe______hewereamillionaire.A．wishesB．hopesC．longsD．believes2）IdowishI______Germanwell.A．canspeakB．willspeakC．couldspeakD．canspoke3）Timeislimited;youshouldmakeyourspeech______.A．briefB．carefulC．longD．interesting4）Thereisnomuchtimeleft，soI'lltellyouaboutit______.A．indetailB．inbriefC．inshortD．inall答案:1)A2）C3）A4)B4．Idon'tknowwhatyourexpectationsareofLondon，butknowingthatyou'venevertravelledoutsideofAsia,IthoughtI’dtellyouabitaboutwhatyoucanexpecttofind。我不知道您对伦敦有什么样的期望，但是我知道您从来没有去过亚洲以外的地方旅行，所以我想告诉您一些这里的情况。剖析：这是but连接的并列复合句，句中有多个宾语从句。but前的分句中,“what...London”是what引导的宾语从句，作“know”的宾语.but后的分句中，现在分词短语“knowing.。.Asia"作原因状语,其中“thatyou've。..Asia”是that引导的宾语从句,作“knowing"的宾语；该分句的主句也是复合句，“I'dtellyou.。。find”是省略that的宾语从句，作“thought”的宾语，“what.。.find"也是宾语从句，作介词“about”的宾语.考点：expectationn.期待的事物，预期Hehashighexpectationofpassingtheexam。他对通过考试抱有很大希望。Totheirdisappointment，theresultwascontrarytotheirexpectation。结果与预料恰好相反，这使他们感到失望。Outofmyexpectation，peopleheredon'thavethehabitofwearingmasks，noteveninclinics.然而,出乎我意料的是,住在这儿的人都没有戴口罩的习惯,甚至在诊所也没有人戴口罩.归纳：expectationof。.。或expectationfor。。.意为“对……的期望";outofone'sexpectation意为“出乎某人的意料”.辨析：expectation和hopeIt’sourexpectationthatyouwilldowell。我们期望你干得出色。Theyhavegreathopesofwinning.他们获胜的希望极大。归纳:expectation指“盼望某事发生"或“认为某事会发生”；hope表示主观认为某事会发生或出现，指“可能实现的事情".单项填空1）Comparedtotheparents’______，whathehasachievedisfartoolittle。A．expectationB．wishC．hopeD．dream选词填空：expectation和hope2)Thiskindofresearchoffersreal______thatwewillconquercanceroneday。3)Wecertainlyhadareasonable______ofsuccess.答案:1)A2)hope3)expectation5．You’regoingtohavetogetusedtobaconandeggswithafewslicesoftoastforbreakfastoverhere，AuntMei！梅姨，您必须适应这里的腌肉、鸡蛋加几片烤面包的早餐。考点：getusedto习惯于Evenafterstayingtherefortwoyears,myfatherhasnotyetgotusedtothedryweather.即使在那儿已经生活了两年，我父亲还是不适应那儿的干燥天气。Onceyougetusedtoexercisingregularly,you’llfeelbadwhenyou’renotdoingit.一旦你习惯了经常锻炼，当你不去锻炼时会感觉难受。近义短语：be/become/getusedto(变得）习惯于Heisusedtotakingcoldbathsinwinter.他已习惯在冬天洗冷水澡。I'vebecomeusedtolivinginthecountryside。我已经习惯了在乡下生活.归纳:get/become_used_to强调从“不习惯”到“习惯于”这一动态过程，意思是“变得习惯于"“开始习惯于”;而be_used_to侧重于“习惯于”的状态。单项填空1）Manyateenager______wearingMP3playerswhilewalkingonthestreet.It’squitedangerous.A．getsusedtoB．getusedtoC．willgetusedtoD．gotusedto单句改错2)Youshouldgetusedtogetupearlyatschool.________________________________________________________________________3）Ican’tbeusedtotheideathatyou’vegrownupnow。________________________________________________________________________答案：1）A2）第二个get→getting2)be→get6．Talkingofmoney—it'sreallyeasytoexchangetraveller’schequesatbanksorhotelssoIadviseyoutogetsomeofthosebeforeyoucome.谈到钱—-在银行或旅馆兑换旅行支票非常容易，所以我建议您来之前准备一些支票.剖析：破折号后是一个复合句。so前的分句中,it是形式主语,不定式短语“toexchange。..”是真正的主语。so后的分句中,不定式短语“toget。.."作宾语补足语；before引导时间状语从句。考点：exchangevt。兑换CanIexchangepoundsfordollarshere？我可以在这里把英镑换成美元吗？Youcanexchangeyourcurrencyfordollarsatthebank。你可以在银行把你的钱兑换成美元。归纳：表示“用……（某种货币）兑换成……(另一种货币）”用exchange_sth.for_sth。。1）exchange表示“交换"。Themeetinggivesachanceforpeopletoexchangedifferentviews.这次会议为人们提供了交流不同看法的机会。Wefreelyexchangeopinionsandideasaroundwithourteachers。我们可以和老师自由地交换观点和想法.2)exchange用作名词,表示“交换，互换,交流"。Shouldchildrengetallowanceinexchangeforchores?小孩子应该用家务来换取零花钱吗？Sheconsideredfreelanguagelessonsafairexchangeforfreeaccommodation。她认为用免费的语言课换取免费的住宿是公平的。Shehadafullandfrankexchangeofviewswithherbossbeforeresigning。她在辞职前与老板开诚布公地充分交换了意见。单项填空1)I'vejustboughtthistie，butcanI______itforthatone？A．changeB．exchangeC．turnD．make2)He’sofferedtoteachmeFrench______myteachinghimJapanese.Ithinkitsoundsreasonable.A．inagreementwithB．infavorofC．inexchangeforD．incompetitionwith3）(2010·湖北卷）Itisillegalforapublicofficialtoaskpeopleforgiftsormoney______favorstothem.A．inpreferencetoB．inplaceofC．inagreementwithD．inexchangefor用exchange翻译下列句子4)他用那件黑夹克换了一件蓝色的外套。________________________________________________________________________5）我和每个人互致问候。________________________________________________________________________6)我把厨房粉刷了一遍,换取了一周的食宿.________________________________________________________________________答案：1）B2）C3）D4)Heexchangedtheblackjacketforabluecoat.5）Iexchangedgreetingswitheveryone.6）Iofferedtopaintthekitcheninexchangeforaweek’saccommodation.7．Wecanwanderthroughthefieldsandevenpickafewmushroomstohavewithourbreakfast!我们可以在田野中漫步，甚至可以采一些蘑菇和早餐一起吃！考点：wandervi。漫游，闲逛IwaswanderingthroughthestreetswhenIcaughtsightofapetshop。我正在街上闲逛时看见了一家宠物店。Toreachadefinitedestination，goalongoneway，butnotwanderonmanyroads。要想到达既定的目的地，必须顺着一条路前进，不要在多条路上徘徊。归纳：wander表示“漫游,闲逛”时,常与through，about，around等词连用.1)wander表示“偏离；走失，离散"，常与off，from等连用。Thechildwanderedoffandgotlost.那孩子(和大家)走散后迷路了.Theyhadwanderedfromthepathintothewoods。他们离开小路消失在树林里.Hismindwandersattimes。他有时候会走神。2)wander用作及物动词，表示“漫游”，后面直接接表示场所、地点的词。Iwanttowandertheworld。我想周游世界。Theboywanderedtheneighbourhood，lookingforhisdog。那男孩在附近徘徊，寻找自己的狗。单项填空1）Visitorsarefreeto______throughthegardensandwoods。A．wanderB．wonderC．goD．cross2)Hewandered______abarandorderedadrink。A．aboutB．intoC．throughD．in答案：1）A2)B8．ButeventhoughsomeBritishpeoplearequitestrange，themajorityofthemarereallyfriendlyandI'vemadesomegoodfriends。虽然有些英国人有点儿奇怪，但是大多数人都很友好，并且我已结交了一些好朋友。剖析：句中eventhough引导让步状语从句,主句为and连接的并列句.句首的but表示转折,起承上启下的作用。考点：majorityn．多数,大多数Themajorityofthestudentsinthatclassareboys.那个班的大多数学生是男生。Bythemiddleofthiscentury,thevastmajorityoftheworld'spopulationwillbelivingincitiesratherthaninthecountries.到本世纪中叶,世界人口中的绝大多数将会居住在城市而不是乡村.Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair。此处的大部分损害容易补救。归纳:themajorityof＋名词作主语时，谓语的数与of后的名词的数保持一致：名词为可数名词的复数形式时，谓语用复数；名词为不可数名词时,谓语用单数.themajority可用于指代上文所提到的名词或代词，可单独使用，而无需跟of短语。该结构作主语,指代可数名词时谓语可用单数或复数，指代不可数名词时谓语用单数。Themajorityagrees/agreewithme。大多数人都同意我的意见。Themajoritywas/wereinfavouroftheproposal.多数人赞成这个提议。单项填空1）Whentheheadmasterspokeouthisplan，the______ofthestudentsintheclass______forit。A．majority;wereB．most；wasC．most；didD．majority;did2)Themajorityofpeopleinthetown______theplantobuildaplaygroundforchildren.A．supportsB．supportC．hassupportedD．havesupported用所给动词的一般现在时形式完成下列句子3）Themajorityofstudents______（find）itquitehardtoliveontheamountofmoneytheyget。4）Themajority______(be）onBen'sside。5)Themajorityofhisadvice______(is)helpfultous。答案：1）A2)B3)find4)is/are5）is9．Youdon’thavetobookaccommodationinadvanceasyouwillcertainlymanagetofindalocalpersonwhowilloffertoputyouupataveryreasonableprice.您不必提前预订食宿，因为您肯定能用合理的价格找到会接纳你的当地人。剖析：as引导原因状语从句，其中不定式短语tofind.。.作宾语，who引导定语从句修饰person。考点一:inadvance提前，预先Thetrainticketcanbebookedonly5daysinadvanceduringtheSpringFestival。春节期间，火车票只能提前5天预订。You'dbetterpreparetheinterviewquestionsinadvance。你最好提前准备一下面试的问题。inadvanceof在……之前Wheneverpossible，scheduleyourstudyhoursinadvanceoffunactivities.在可能的时候,把你的学习时间安排在娱乐活动之前.Yourpassportapplicationshouldbesubmittedinadvanceofyourdeparture。你的护照申请应该在你离开前提交。考点二：reasonableadj。合理的，正当的Theadvantagesoftheirproductsareattractivedesign，highqualityandreasonableprices。他们的产品优势是设计有吸引力，质量高且价格合理。单项填空1)Pastasaladisadishthatyoucaneasilyprepare______.A．inmindB．inchargeC．inadvanceD．inorder2）Yourpackageshouldbecheckedagainwell______yourholiday.A．inadvanceofB．infavourofC．inhonourofD．inneedof3)Recentlymyfatherbought