2022年英语专业八级考试模拟题和答案解析

2022年英语专业八级考试模拟题和答案解析PartIListeningComprehensionSectionAMini-lectureInthissection,youwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE.SomeofthegapsmayrequireamaximumofTHREEwords.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayrefertoyournoteswhilecompletingthetask.Lecture:TheEvolutionofEnglishLanguageTheEnglishlanguagehasalongandcomplexhistorythatcanbedividedintothreemainperiods:OldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglish.OldEnglish(450-1100AD)OldEnglishwasbroughttoBritainbytheAnglo-Saxoninvadersinthe5thcentury.Itwasahighlyinflectedlanguage,similartomodern-dayGerman.Nouns,adjectives,andpronounshaddifferentformsdependingontheircase(nominative,accusative,genitive,etc.),number(singularorplural),andgender(masculine,feminine,orneuter).Forexample,thewordfor"house"inOldEnglishwas"hus",butitsformwouldchangeindifferentgrammaticalcontexts.OldEnglishvocabularywasmainlyGermanic,withsomeLatinandCelticinfluences.LatinwordscamethroughtheearlyChristianizationofBritain,andCelticwordswereabsorbedfromthenativepopulation.MiddleEnglish(1100-1500AD)TheNormanConquestin1066hadaprofoundimpactontheEnglishlanguage.Frenchbecamethelanguageoftherulingclass,andovertime,alargenumberofFrenchwordswereincorporatedintoEnglish.ThisledtoasignificantchangeintheEnglishvocabulary.Forinstance,wordsrelatedtolaw,government,andcuisine,suchas"judge","parliament",and"beef",wereofFrenchorigin.TheinflectionalsystemofOldEnglishalsobegantosimplifyduringthisperiod.BytheendoftheMiddleEnglishperiod,manyofthecomplexcaseendingshaddisappeared.EarlyModernEnglish(1500-1800AD)Theprintingpresswasintroducedinthe15thcentury,whichhelpedstandardizetheEnglishlanguage.TheworksofWilliamShakespeareandtheKingJamesBibleplayedimportantrolesinshapingEarlyModernEnglish.Newwordswerecreatedtodescribenewscientificandtechnologicaldiscoveries.Forexample,wordslike"telescope"and"microscope"enteredthelanguageduringthistime.Therewasalsoachangeinpronunciation,knownastheGreatVowelShift.LateModernEnglish(1800-Present)TheIndustrialRevolutionandglobalizationhavehadamajorinfluenceonLateModernEnglish.TheexpansionoftheBritishEmpireledtoEnglishbeingspreadaroundtheworld,anditadoptedwordsfrommanydifferentlanguages.Wordslike"safari"(fromSwahili)and"typhoon"(fromChinese)wereaddedtotheEnglishvocabulary.Englishhasalsodevelopedmanydialectsandvarieties,suchasAmericanEnglish,AustralianEnglish,andIndianEnglish.Gap-fillingTask1.OldEnglishwasbroughttoBritainbythe______invadersinthe5thcentury.(Anglo-Saxon)2.OldEnglishwasahighly______language.(inflected)3.InOldEnglish,nouns,adjectives,andpronounshaddifferentformsaccordingtocase,number,and______.(gender)4.LatinwordsenteredOldEnglishthroughtheearly______ofBritain.(Christianization)5.TheNormanConquestin1066ledtotheincorporationofalargenumberof______wordsintoEnglish.(French)6.Wordsrelatedtolaw,government,and______inMiddleEnglishwereoftenofFrenchorigin.(cuisine)7.TheinflectionalsystemofOldEnglishbeganto______duringtheMiddleEnglishperiod.(simplify)8.Theintroductionofthe______inthe15thcenturyhelpedstandardizeEarlyModernEnglish.(printingpress)9.TheGreatVowelShiftwasachangein______inEarlyModernEnglish.(pronunciation)10.TheexpansionoftheBritishEmpireledtoEnglishadoptingwordsfrommanydifferent______.(languages)AnswerExplanation1.ThelectureclearlystatesthatOldEnglishwasbroughttoBritainbytheAnglo-Saxoninvadersinthe5thcentury.2.ItismentionedthatOldEnglishwasahighlyinflectedlanguage,similartomodern-dayGerman.3.Nouns,adjectives,andpronounsinOldEnglishhaddifferentformsdependingoncase,number,andgender.4.LatinwordsenteredOldEnglishthroughtheearlyChristianizationofBritainasdescribedinthelecture.5.TheNormanConquestin1066ledtotheincorporationofalargenumberofFrenchwordsintoEnglish.6.Wordsrelatedtolaw,government,andcuisineinMiddleEnglishwereoftenofFrenchorigin.7.TheinflectionalsystemofOldEnglishbegantosimplifyduringtheMiddleEnglishperiod.8.Theintroductionoftheprintingpressinthe15thcenturyhelpedstandardizeEarlyModernEnglish.9.TheGreatVowelShiftwasachangeinpronunciationinEarlyModernEnglish.10.TheexpansionoftheBritishEmpireledtoEnglishadoptingwordsfrommanydifferentlanguages.SectionBInterviewInthissection,youwillhearaninterview.Theinterviewwillbedividedintotwoparts.Attheendofeachpart,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeinterviewandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Aftereachquestion,therewillbeafifteen-secondpause.Duringthepause,youshouldreadthefourchoicesofA,B,C,andD,andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Interview:AChatwithaYoungAuthorInterviewer:Hello,welcometoourprogram.Todaywehavewithusayoungandtalentedauthor,Mr.TomSmith.Tom,yourfirstnovelhasjustbeenpublished.Canyoutellusabitaboutit?Tom:Sure.Mynoveliscalled"TheHiddenPath".It'samystery-adventurestorysetinasmall,fictionaltown.ThemaincharacterisayoungdetectivenamedJack.Hestartstoinvestigateaseriesofstrangedisappearancesinthetown.Interviewer:Soundsinteresting.Whatinspiredyoutowritethiskindofstory?Tom:Well,I'vealwaysbeenabigfanofmysterynovels.WhenIwasakid,IusedtoreadalotofAgathaChristie'sbooks.Also,Ispentafewsummersinasmalltownsimilartotheoneinmynovel.Thequietnessandthesenseofmysteryinthattownreallyinspiredme.Interviewer:Howlongdidittakeyoutowritethenovel?Tom:Ittookmeabouttwoyears.Ispentthefirstyearplanningtheplot,creatingthecharacters,anddoingsomeresearch.ThenIspentthesecondyearactuallywritingthemanuscript.Interviewer:That'squitealongtime.Didyoufaceanydifficultiesduringthewritingprocess?Tom:Yes,Idid.Oneofthebiggestdifficultieswastokeeptheplotinterestingandunpredictable.Ididn'twantthereaderstobeabletoguesstheendingtooeasily.Anotherproblemwastobalancethedescriptionsofthecharactersandtheactionscenes.QuestionsandAnswers1.WhatisthenameofTom'sfirstnovel?A."TheMysteriousTown"B."TheHiddenPath"C."Jack'sAdventure"D."TheStrangeDisappearances"Answer:BExplanation:Tomclearlystatesthathisfirstnoveliscalled"TheHiddenPath".2.WhoinspiredTomtowritemysterystorieswhenhewasakid?A.StephenKingB.ArthurConanDoyleC.AgathaChristieD.J.K.RowlingAnswer:CExplanation:Tomsaysthatwhenhewasakid,heusedtoreadalotofAgathaChristie'sbooksandtheyinspiredhimtowritemysterystories.3.HowlongdidittakeTomtowritethenovel?A.OneyearB.TwoyearsC.ThreeyearsD.FouryearsAnswer:BExplanation:Tommentionsthatittookhimabouttwoyearstowritethenovel,oneyearforplanningandresearchandanotheryearforwritingthemanuscript.4.WhatwasoneofthedifficultiesTomfacedduringthewritingprocess?A.FindingagoodtitleforthenovelB.KeepingtheplotinterestingandunpredictableC.TranslatingthenovelintootherlanguagesD.PromotingthenovelafterpublicationAnswer:BExplanation:Tomsaysthatoneofthebiggestdifficultieswastokeeptheplotinterestingandunpredictable.5.WhatelsewasaproblemforTomduringthewriting?A.DescribingthetownrealisticallyB.CreatinguniquecharactersC.BalancingcharacterdescriptionsandactionscenesD.DecidingonthesettingofthenovelAnswer:CExplanation:Tomalsomentionsthatanotherproblemwastobalancethedescriptionsofthecharactersandtheactionscenes.PartIIReadingComprehensionPassage1Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedinmanyways,butthemostfrequentlyquoteddefinitionisfromtheWorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopment's1987Brundtlandreport:"Sustainabledevelopmentisdevelopmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds."Sustainabledevelopmentisabroadtermthatencompasseseconomic,social,andenvironmentalaspects.Economically,itmeanspromotinglong-termeconomicgrowthwhileensuringefficientuseofresources.Forexample,asustainablebusinessmightinvestinrenewableenergysourcestoreduceitsrelianceonfossilfuels,whichnotonlyhelpstheenvironmentbutalsocanleadtocostsavingsinthelongrun.Socially,sustainabledevelopmentfocusesonimprovingthequalityoflifeforallpeople.Thisincludesprovidingaccesstoeducation,healthcare,andbasicservices.Indevelopingcountries,initiativessuchasbuildingschoolsandclinicsinruralareasarepartofsustainabledevelopmentefforts.Environmentally,sustainabledevelopmentaimstoprotectandpreservenaturalresources.Thisinvolvesreducingpollution,conservingbiodiversity,andmanagingforestsandwaterresourcesproperly.Forinstance,sustainableforestrypracticesensurethattreesareharvestedataratethatallowstheforesttoregenerate.However,achievingsustainabledevelopmentisnotwithoutchallenges.Thereareoftenconflictsbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotection.Forexample,afactorymightwanttoexpandproductiontoincreaseprofits,butthiscouldleadtomorepollution.Also,implementingsustainabledevelopmentpoliciesrequiressignificantinvestmentandpoliticalwill.1.AccordingtotheBrundtlandreport,sustainabledevelopmentisabout______.A.meetingtheneedsofthepresentattheexpenseofthefutureB.meetingtheneedsofthepresentwithoutharmingthefutureC.focusingonlyontheneedsoffuturegenerationsD.sacrificingthepresentforthefutureAnswer:BExplanation:ThepassagequotestheBrundtlandreportasdefiningsustainabledevelopmentas"developmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds",whichmeansmeetingthepresentneedswithoutharmingthefuture.2.Economically,sustainabledevelopmentpromotes______.A.short-termeconomicgrowthB.wastefuluseofresourcesC.long-termeconomicgrowthwithefficientresourceuseD.over-exploitationofnaturalresourcesAnswer:CExplanation:Thepassagestatesthateconomically,sustainabledevelopmentmeanspromotinglong-termeconomicgrowthwhileensuringefficientuseofresources.3.Socially,sustainabledevelopmentfocuseson______.A.onlythewell-beingoftherichB.improvingthequalityoflifeforallC.ignoringtheneedsofthepoorD.reducingpopulationgrowthAnswer:BExplanation:Thepassagesaysthatsocially,sustainabledevelopmentfocusesonimprovingthequalityoflifeforallpeople.4.Environmentally,sustainabledevelopmentaimsto______.A.destroynaturalresourcesB.increasepollutionC.protectandpreservenaturalresourcesD.over-harvestforestsAnswer:CExplanation:Thepassagementionsthatenvironmentally,sustainabledevelopmentaimstoprotectandpreservenaturalresources.5.Oneofthechallengesofachievingsustainabledevelopmentis______.A.noconflictbetweeneconomicandenvironmentalgoalsB.easyimplementationofpoliciesC.conflictsbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotectionD.lackofneedforinvestmentAnswer:CExplanation:Thepassagestatesthatthereareoftenconflictsbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotection,whichisoneofthechallengesofachievingsustainabledevelopment.Passage2Inthedigitalage,thewaywereadhasundergoneasignificanttransformation.E-bookshavebecomeincreasinglypopular,offeringconvenienceandaccessibility.Withane-readerorasmartphone,youcancarryanentirelibraryinyourpocket.Youcanadjustthefontsize,brightness,andbackgroundcoloraccordingtoyourpreferences.However,somepeoplestillprefertraditionalprintedbooks.Theyenjoythetactileexperienceofholdingabook,flippingthroughthepages,andsmellingthepaper.Printedbooksalsodon'trequireapowersource,whichcanbeanadvantageinareaswithlimitedelectricity.Anotheraspectofthechangingreadinglandscapeistheriseofonlinereadingplatforms.Theseplatformsofferawiderangeofcontent,fromnewsarticlestonovels.Theyoftenprovidefeaturessuchassocialsharing,wherereaderscandiscussthebookstheyarereadingwithothers.Despitetheconvenienceofdigitalreading,thereareconcernsaboutitsimpactonconcentrationandcomprehension.Somestudiessuggestthatpeoplemayhaveahardertimefocusingondigitaltextscomparedtoprintedones.Theconstantdistractionsfromnotificationsonelectronicdevicescanalsodisruptthereadingprocess.6.Whatisanadvantageofe-books?A.Theyrequirealotofphysicalspace.B.Theyhaveafixedfontsize.C.Theyofferconvenienceandaccessibility.D.Theyalwaysneedapowersource.Answer:CExplanation:Thepassagestatesthate-bookshavebecomeincreasinglypopular,offeringconvenienceandaccessibility.Youcancarryanentirelibraryinyourpocketwithane-readerorasmartphone.7.Whydosomepeopleprefertraditionalprintedbooks?A.Theydon'tlikethesmellofpaper.B.Theywanttousealotofpower.C.Theyenjoythetactileexperienceofholdingabook.D.Theyfindithardtoflipthroughpages.Answer:CExplanation:Thepassagementionsthatsomepeoplestillprefertraditionalprintedbooksbecausetheyenjoythetactileexperienceofholdingabook,flippingthroughthepages,andsmellingthepaper.8.Whatisafeatureofonlinereadingplatforms?A.Theyofferalimitedrangeofcontent.B.Theydon'tallowsocialsharing.C.Theyprovidesocialsharingforreaderstodiscussbooks.D.Theyonlyhavenewsarticles.Answer:CExplanation:Thepassagesaysthatonlinereadingplatformsoftenprovidefeaturessuchassocialsharing,wherereaderscandiscussthebookstheyarereadingwithothers.9.Whatisaconcernaboutdigitalreading?A.Ithasnoimpactonconcentration.B.Peoplecanfocusbetterondigitaltexts.C.Itmaybehardforpeopletofocusondigitaltexts.D.Therearenodistractionsindigitalreading.Answer:CExplanation:Thepassagestatesthatthereareconcernsabouttheimpactofdigitalreadingonconcentrationandcomprehension.Somestudiessuggestthatpeoplemayhaveahardertimefocusingondigitaltextscomparedtoprintedones.10.Whatcandisruptthedigitalreadingprocess?A.LackofnotificationsB.ConstantdistractionsfromnotificationsC.UsingaprintedbookinsteadD.ReadinginaquietplaceAnswer:BExplanation:Thepassagementionsthattheconstantdistractionsfromnotificationsonelectronicdevicescandisruptthereadingprocess.PartIIILanguageUsage1.Theoldman______inthissmalltownsincehewasborn.A.haslivedB.livedC.willliveD.islivingAnswer:AExplanation:Thephrase"sincehewasborn"indicatesanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.So,thepresentperfecttense"haslived"isused.2.______theheavyrain,thefootballmatchwaspostponed.A.BecauseB.DuetoC.AsD.SinceAnswer:BExplanation:"Dueto"isusedtoshowacause-effectrelationshipandisoftenusedafteraformoftheverb"tobe".Here,itexplainsthereasonforthepostponementofthefootballmatch."Because","As",and"Since"areusuallyfollowedbyaclause.3.Sheisnotonlyintelligent______veryhard-working.A.butalsoB.andC.yetD.soAnswer:AExplanation:"Notonly...butalso"isacorrelativeconjunctionusedtoconnecttwosimilarelementsinasentence.Itshowsthatshehastwopositivequalities:intelligenceandhard-working.4.Thecommittee______dividedintheiropinionsontheissue.A.isB.areC.wasD.hasbeenAnswer:BExplanation:Whenthecollectivenoun"committee"referstotheindividualmemberswithinthegroup,thepluralverb"are"isused.Here,themembershavedifferentopinions,so"are"isappropriate.5.IwishI______moretimetostudyfortheexam.A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhaveAnswer:BExplanation:Inawishclause,thepastsimpletenseisusedtoexpressapresentwish.So,"had"isusedtoshowthespeaker'sdesiretohavemoretimeatpresent.6.Thenewpolicyaims______reducingpollutioninthecity.A.atB.forC.toD.inAnswer:AExplanation:Theverb"aim"isoftenfollowedbythepreposition"at"whenitmeans"intendtoachieve".So,"aimatreducing"isthecorrectusage.7.______isknowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.ItAnswer:CExplanation:"As"isusedtointroduceanon-restrictiverelativeclausethatreferstothewholesituationdescribedinthemainclause."Asisknowntoall"isacommonphrase.8.He______havearrivedbynow.Iwonderwhat'shappenedtohim.A.shouldB.wouldC.couldD.mightAnswer:AExplanation:"Shouldhave+pastparticiple"isusedtoexpressthatsomethingwasexpectedtohappenbutmaynothave.Here,itisexpectedthathehasarrivedbynow.9.Thebook,______isveryinteresting,waswrittenbyafamousauthor.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whoseAnswer:AExplanation:Inanon-restrictiverelativeclause,"which"isusedtorefertothething(thebookinthiscase)."That"isnotusedinnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.10.ShespeaksEnglish______thanhersister.A.morefluentlyB.mostfluentlyC.fluentlyD.asfluentlyAnswer:AExplanation:Thecomparativeform"morefluently"isusedwhencomparingtwopeople(sheandhersister).PartIVProofreadingandErrorCorrectionThefollowingpassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha"^"signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foranunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordoutwithaslash"/"andwritethewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.PassageInrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingconcernedabouttheenvironment.Peoplearebecomingmoreawareoftheproblemscausedbypollution,deforestation,andclimatechange.Governmentsandorganizationsaroundtheworldaretakingmeasurestoaddresstheseissues.However,therearestillmanychallengestoovercome.Oneofthemainproblemisthelackofpublicawareness.Manypeoplearenotfullyinformedabouttheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.Theycontinuetoengageinactivitiesthatharmtheenvironment,suchasusingsingle-useplasticsandwastingenergy.Anotherchallengeistheeconomicinterests.Someindustriesarereluctanttoadoptenvironmentallyfriendlypracticesbecausetheyfearitwillaffecttheirprofits.Forexample,coal-firedpowerplantsareoftenopposetoregulationsthatlimittheiremissions.Furthermore,thereisalackofinternationalcooperation.Differentcountrieshavedifferentprioritiesandgoalswhenitcomestoenvironmentalprotection.Thismakesitdifficulttoreachaglobalagreementonhowtotackletheenvironmentalproblems.Despiteofthesechallenges,therearealsosomepositivedevelopments.Moreandmorepeoplearestartingtotakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment.Forexample,thereareincreasingnumberofrecyclingprogramsandrenewableenergyprojects.1.concerned→concernExplanation:"agrowingconcern"isthecorrectform."Concern"hereisanoun,and"growing"isanadjectivemodifyingit.2.problem→problemsExplanation:"Oneofthe"isfollowedbythepluralformofthenoun.So,"problems"iscorrectastherearemultiplemainproblems.3.are∧not→stillExplanation:"still"isneededtoemphasizethatmanypeoplecontinuetobeuninformed.4.oppose→opposedExplanation:"beopposedto"isafixedphrasemeaning"beagainst".5.Despiteof→DespiteExplanation:"Despite"isaprepositionanddoesnotneed"of".6.∧increasing→anExplanation:"anincreasingnumberof"isacommonphrase."An"isneededbefore"increasing"because"increasing"startswithavowelsound.7.∧lack→theExplanation:"Thelackof"isusedwhenreferringtoaspecificlack.Here,itreferstothelackofinternationalcooperation.8.affect→affecttheirExplanation:Tobemoreclear,itshouldbe"affecttheirprofits"asitshowswhoseprofitsarebeingaffected.9.fully∧informed→awareExplanation:"beawareof"isacommonphrase,andadding"aware"makesthemeaningmorecompleteasitisaboutbeinginformedandawareoftheimportance.10.engage∧in→lessExplanation:Toconveytheideathatpeopleshouldreducetheirharmfulactivities,"less"canbeaddedtosuggesttheyshouldengageinfeweractivitiesthatharmtheenvironment.PartVTranslationSectionAChinesetoEnglish随着科技的飞速发展，互联网已经成为人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。无论是工作、学习还是娱乐，人们都越来越依赖互联网。通过互联网，人们可以轻松地获取各种信息，与世界各地的人交流。然而，互联网也带来了一些问题，比如网络安全和隐私问题。我们需要采取措施来确保互联网的安全和健康发展。Withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,theInternethasbecomeanindispensablepartofpeople'slives.Whetheritisforwork,studyorentertainment,peoplearebecomingmoreandmoredependentontheInternet.ThroughtheInternet,peoplecaneasilyaccessvariouskindsofinformationandcommunicatewithpeoplearoundtheworld.However,theInternethasalsobroughtsomeproblems,suchasnetworksecurityandprivacyissues.WeneedtotakemeasurestoensurethesafeandhealthydevelopmentoftheInternet.SectionBEnglishtoChineseEducationisnotonlyaboutacquiringknowledgebutalsoaboutdevelopingskillsandcultivatingvalues.Agoodeducationsystemshouldprovidestudentswithopportunitiestoexploredifferentfields,thinkcritically,andsolveproblemsindependently.Itshouldalsoencouragestudentstorespectdiversityandcontributetothewell-beingofsociety.Byinvestingineducation,acountrycanlayasolidfoundationforitsfuturedevelopment.教育不仅关乎获取知识，还关乎培养技能和塑造价值观。一个良好的教育体系应该为学生提供探索不同领域、进行批判性思考和独立解决问题的机会。它还应