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专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷27(共

9套)

(共195题)

专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷第1套

一、常规阅读理解(含4小题)(本题共5题,每题

1.0分,共5分。)

Studentloansarebasedonasimpleidea:thatagraduate'sfutureflowofearningswill

morethancoverthecostsofdoingadegree.Butwithunemployinentratesinpartsofthe

richworldatpost-warhighs,thatmaynolongerholdtrueformanypeople.The

consequenceswillbefeltbyeverybody.Allovertheworldstudentindebtednessis

causingproblems——witnessthismonth'sviolentprotestsinChile.InBritain,accordingto

arecentparliamentaryreport,risinguniversityfeesmeanthatstudentdebtislikelyto

trebleto£70billionby2015.But,partlybecausehighereducationthereissoexpensive,

thescaleoftheproblemisfargreaterinAmerica.Whenthenextofficialestimatesof

outstandingstudentdebttherearepublished,itisexpectedtobecloseto$1trillion,

higherthancredit-cardborrowing.Creditqualityinotherclassesofconsumerdebthas

beenimproving;delinquencyratesonstudentloansarerising.Manyoftheanti-Wall

Streetprotesterspushtheideaofblanketdebtforgivenessasasolution.Butthatisthe

wronganswer.Highereducationisnotaguaranteeofemployment,butitimprovesthe

oddsimmensely.Unemploymentratesamonguniversitygraduatesstoodat4.4%on

averageacrossOECDcountriesin2009.Peoplewhodidnotcompletesecondaryschool

facedunemploymentratesof11.5%.Muchofthedebtthatstudentsaretakingonis

providedorguaranteedbythegovernment.Imposingwrite-offsonalltaxpayersto

benefitthosewiththebestjobprospectsisunfair:andrippingupcontractsbetween

borrowersandprivatelendersisusuallyabadidea.Thatsaid,student-loansystemsin

Americaandelsewhereareoftenbadlydesignedforanextendedperiodofhigh

unemployment.Incontrasttothehousingcrash,theriskfromstudentdebtisnotofa

suddenexplosioninlossesbutofgradualfinancialsuffocation.Thepressureneedstobe

eased.Oneoptionistochangethebankruptcylaws.InAmerica,Britainandelsewhere,

thesetreatstudentdebtasaspecialcase:unlikeotherformsofdebt,itcannotbewiped

out.Ifstudentdebtisnottoboundexistinggraduatesandputofffutureones,therules

couldbechangedsothatitisdischargeableinbankruptcy.Yetthereasoningbehindthe

currentbankruptcyprovisionsislogicalenough:educationisanassetthatcannotbe

repossessedandthatkeepsonbenefitingtheindividualthroughhisorherlifetime.Some

worrythatgraduateswouldrushtodeclarebankruptcy,handinglossestotaxpayers.Soa

secondoptionispreferable.Manycountries,Americaincluded,havedesignedstudent

debtprimarilyasamortgage-likeobligation;itisrepaidtoafixedschedule.Otherplaces,

likeBritainandAustralia,makestudent-loanrepaymentscontingent(依情况而定的)on

reachinganincomethresholdsothattheprospectoftakingondebtismoreacceptableto

peoplefrompoorerbackgrounds.Thatapproachmakessense,especiallywhenjobsarc

scarce.BarackObamathisweekproposedtolimitloanpaymentsforsomestruggling

Americangraduatesto10%ofdiscretionary(任意的)incomeandforgiveoutstanding

debtafter20years.Income-basedrepaymentoughttobecomethenorm.Bothchanges

wouldleadtoarepricingofstudentdebt.Thatwouldbeabadthingfortaxpayers,buta

goodthingoverall.Ifsuchinformationweremadepublic,otherusefuldatawould

follow——ontheaveragefinancialreturnstograduatesofspecificsubjects,forexample.

Thosestudyinglessprofitablesubjectswouldhavetopaymore,orbesubsidisedmore.It

wouldbeacontroversialapproach,butamoreeducatedone.

1、Wecanlearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat.

A>highunemploymentratesmakeithardforstudentstogetloans

B、risinguniversityfeesisavalidwaytobalancethestudentloans

C、studentindebtednesshasbecomeanincreasinglytrickyissue

D.creditqualityincludingstudentdebtshasbeenimproved

标准答案:C

知识点解析•:推理题。艰据第一段的内容可知,自二战以来,失业率屡创新高,助

学贷款引发的学生债务问题日益严峻,每个人都会感受到它带来的严重后果;第二

段具体陈述了各个国家学生的助学贷款问题,由此可知,学生债务已成为一个

日益棘手的问题”为正确答案。第一段第二句提到失业率自二战以来创下新高,但

并没有说学生因此难以申请到贷款,故排除[A];第二段提到,在英国,高涨的学

费意味着学生债务有可能到2015年增至700亿英镑,由此可知,涨学费不能解决

学生的债务问题,故排除[B];根据第二段最后一句可知,其他类别的消费者债务

的信用质量一直在提高,而学牛贷款的拖欠率却在不断攀升,[D]陈述错误,故排

除。

2、Whatdoesthephrase"blanketdebtforgiveness"inParagraph3probablymean?

A、Debteliminationtohigh-schooldrop-outs.

B、Debtforgivenesstoindebtedcollegegraduates.

C>Debttolerancetothosewhohavenojobs.

D、Debtcancellingtoexcellentdegreeowners.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:语义题。作者在第三段第一句提到,很多反对华尔街的抗议者们拥护

blanketdeblforgiveness的解决办法,接下来作者证明了该措施的不妥之处,认为高

等教育确实提高了毕业生的就业几率;作者在该段第六、七句接着提到,学生的大

部分贷款是由政府提供或担保的。把免除债务强加给所有的纳税人,从而让这些拥

有最好就业前景的人受益,这是不公平的;并且撕毁借款人和私人放贷者之间的合

约通常也是个糟糕的主意,故nJ推断出blanketdebtforgiveness指的是“一种全部免

除学生债务的方式”,故[B]为正确答案。

3、Inordertorelievethefinancialpressurebroughtbystudentloans,whichoptionthe

authorrecommendedisbetter?

A、Studentprotestingtheunfairrepaymentpractices.

B、Changingthecurrentbankruptcylaws.

C、Studentsrepayingtheloansonanincome-basis.

D、Thegovernmentprolongingtherepaymenttime.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:细节题。第四段提到学生贷款问题亟待解决,并在第五、六段给出详

细的解决方案。作者在第五段提到的第一个解决方案为:修改破产法,接下来分析

了这个方案存在的一些问题:贷款者可能争相宣告破产,而将损失转嫁给纳税人;

作者在第六段提到了第二个解决方案:将学生贷款设计成按揭贷款——按固定的时

间表还款,并以收入作为偿还额的主要参照,并分析出方案二是更合理和可行的,

可知[C]为正确答案,同时排除[B]。[A]和[D]在文中并未提及,故均排除。

4、Inthelastparagraph,theauthorconcludesthat.

A、repricingstndenrdebtswouldheconsfrnctiveandsensible

B、taxpayerswouldalsowelcomeareductioninstudentdebts

C、studentsstudyinglessprofitablesubjectswouldbenefitmost

D、thewholesocietyhassettledthedisputeoverstudentdebts

标准答案:A

知识点解析:推理题。文章最后一段前两句提到以上两种方案都会导致学生债务的

重新定价。对于纳税人而言这不是个好消息,但总的来说是一件好事,再根据最后

一句提到的给学生债务重新定价将是有争议的一步,但却是更理性的,由此可知,

[A]”重新定价学生债务是建设性的、合情理的”准确概括了作者的意思,故为正确

答案。根据本段第二句可知,纳税人可能并不欢迎这样的政策变动,故排除[B1;

本段第四句提到,那些冷门专业的毕业生可能会支付更多的费用,或接受更多的政

府资助,由此可知,[C]的陈述过于绝对化,故排除;本段最后一句提到,怎样解

决H益严重的学生债务依然是有争议的,由此可知,[D]”全社会已就学生债务的争

论达成一致''陈述错误,故排除。

5、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A^StudentLoan-aFinancialEvil

B、TheFutureofStudentLoans

C、StudentIndebtednessandItsCauses

D^SolutionstoProblemsofStudentIndebtedness

标准答案:D

知识点解析:主旨题。本文第一、二段陈述了目前由助学贷款引发的日益严重的学

生债务问题及其具体的表现:第三段阐述了解决该问题的一个措施,接下来分析了

该措施的不可行性;第四段提到了解决助学贷款问题的必要性,并在第五、六段提

出了两个解决方案,并逐一进行分析,得出方案二更加合理和可行;最后一段中作

者总结和预测了实施这两种方案的前景、得到的收益和可能存在的阻力等。综上所

述,[D「应对日益严重的学生债务问题的解决方案”最能概括本文主旨,故为正确

答案。[A]“助学贷款—一个经济恶魔,[B]“助学贷款的未来之路”和[C]“学生债

务及其原因”都是文章提及的内容,但都不能概括主旨,故均可排除。

二、常规阅读理解(含5小题)(本题共9题,每题

L0分,共9分。)

Afast-foodrestaurantwithinabout500feetofaschoolmayleadtoatleasta5percent

increaseintheoverweightrateatthatschool,accordingtoastudyreleasedonFriday.

Thestudy,conductedbyeconomistsatColumbiaUniversityandtheUniversity

California,Berkeley,suggeststhat"abanonfastfoodsintheimmediateproximityof

schoolscouldhaveasizableeffectonobesityratesamongaffectedstudents."The

researcherslookedathowproximitytotherestaurantsaffectedobesityratesamong3

millionninthgradersatCaliforniaschools,andmorethanImillionpregnantwomenin

Michigan,NewJerseyandTexas.Theyfocusedontheninthgraders,typicallyabout14

yearsold,inpartbecausethestudentsgetafitnesstestinthespring—about30weeks

afterstartingschoolandexposuretofastfood.Thestudy,releasedbytheAmerican

AssociationofWineEconomists,showedthat"thepresenceofafast-foodrestaurant

withinatenthofamileofaschoolisassociatedwithatleasta5.2percentincreaseinthe

obesityrateinthatschool."Italsofoundthatpregnantwomenwholivedwithinatenthof

amileofafast-foodrestauranthad"a4.4percentincreaseintheprobabilityofgaining

over20kilos(44pounds)."ThestudyfollowsonepresentedlastmonthatanAmerican

StrokeAssociationconference.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganfound

peoplewholiveinneighborhoodspackedwithfast-foodrestaurantsaremorelikely(o

sufferstrokes.InDecember,astudyfoundthatyouthwhostudywithinahalfmilefroma

fast-foodoutleteatfewerfruitandvegetables,drinkmoresodaandaremorelikelytobe

obesethanstudentsatotherschools.JanetCurrie,leadresearcherofthewineeconomists'

study,saidthatitmightbeagoodpolicytohaveafast-food-frcczoneiffastfoodnear

schoolscausesobesity."Itwouldnotbesodifferentinspiritfromexistingpoliciesthat

aimtoprohibitsoftdrinksandjunkfoodsinschoolsortoimprovethequalityofschool

lunch,"shesaid.AspokeswomanforYum!Brands,iheparentcompanyofKFC,Pizza

Hut,TacoBellandLongJohnSilver's,declinedtocomment,sayingshehadnotseenthe

study.BurgerKingdidnotreturncallsseekingcomment.AMcDonald'sspokeswoman

referredcallstotheNationalRetailFederation,atradegroupinWashington."Ithinkit

wouldbeadangerousprecedenttolimitthetypesoflegitimate,importantbusinessesand

wherethey'relocatedinacity,"federationspokeswomanEllenDavissaid."Doesn'tit

makemoresensefbrparentstolimitachild'sallowanceorletthemknowwhenand

wheretheycan'teatcertainthings?1'Davisaddedthatrestaurantshavechangedtheir

menusinthelastfiveyears,especiallyfbrchildren'smeals.nWeseemanyhealthy

optionsavailable-slicesofapple,milkinsteadofsodas...It'simportanttonotethat

manychainrestaurantshavetriedtodiversifytheirmenusandmakethemhealthier."

6、WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaboutthestudymentionedinParagraph2?

A、Itagreedthatfastfoodsshouldbefarawayfromschool.

B、Itdidn'tmentionthepeopleinColumbia.

C^Itprovedthatfastfoodsmayleadtostrokes.

D、ItshowedthatchildreiVssituationwasworsethanpregnantwomen's.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:细节题。第四段讲到在此研究之前,即上个月的时候,在美国中风协

会会议上,来自密歇根大学的研究人员陈述了一个研究,其发现快餐店附近的居民

更容易患上中风,所以并非这个研究得出了快餐导致中风的结论,可知答案为

[C]o通过第一段可知,此研究的结论是:学校距离快餐店过近会导致学校的超重

率增加至少5%。据此可推知,此研究应赞同快餐食品远离学校,故排除[A];虽

然从第二段可以看出,此研究是由哥伦比亚大学和加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的经

济学家们进行的,但第三段中点明,研究的对象是来自于加州学校的孩子以及密歇

根州、新泽西州和得克萨斯州的孕妇,故排除[B];第三段最后两句讲到,由于受

快餐店的影响,学校的肥胖率增加至少5.2%,孕妇的体重增加20公斤以上的可

能性增加了4.4%,这说明学校里孩子的情况比孕妇更糟糕,故排除[D]。

7、"IfinParagraph6refersto.

A、obesity

B、theabovestudy

C、fastfood

D、agoodpolicy

标准答案:D

知识点解析:语义题。本文第六段中JanelCurrie提到,现有的政策旨在禁止校内

软饮料以及垃圾食品或提高校供午餐的质量,所以从精神方面来讲,“它”与现行的

政策没有太大不同,说明“它”肯定和政策有关。此外,本段首句讲到,如果学校附

近的快餐店会导致肥胖的话,设立无快餐区可能会是一项好政策。综上所述,[D]

为正确答案,同时排除其他三项。

8、Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastthreeparagraphs?

A、McDonald'ssharedthesameopinionwithEllenDavis.

B、Yum!BrandshelddifferentopinionfromBurgerKing.

C、JanetCurriepreferredanewpolicytopresentpolicies.

D、EllenDavisthoughtlimitingchildren'smoneymadenosense.

标准答案:A--

知识点解析:推理题。倒数第二段讲到麦当劳的女发言人委托美国零售联合会做出

回应,而从最后一段中可以看出,美国零售联合会的女发言人正是EllenDavis,并

且她的发言倾向于快餐行业,所以可以推断出麦当劳和EllenDavis持有相同的观

点,故|A]正确。倒数第二段中Yum!Brands和BurgerKing都没有对新政策做出回

应,并不能说明他们的意见相左,[B]错误,故排除;第六段中JanetCurrie认为新

政策与现行政策并没有什么不同,可以看出她对其并没有偏好,[C]错误,故排

除;最后一段第二句话中EllenDavis用一个反问句表达了对家长的不满,她认为

家长应该限制孩子的零用钱,[D]也错误,故排除。

9、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmayNOTbethereasonfor

children'soverweight?

A^Eatingfewerfruitandvegetables.

BNBeingunawareofself-control.

C、Schoollunchoflowquality.

D、Restaurants?changingmenusfbrchildren.

标准答案:D

知识点解析:细节题。最后一段提到五年前快餐店就改变了儿童餐的菜单,增加了

很多健康的选择,说明这一举动对孩子的身材是有积极作用的,故[D]并非孩子增

重的原因,故为答案。第五段中的一项研究表明,快餐会导致孩子吃过少的水果、

蔬菜以及饮用过多的苏打水从而导致肥胖,所以[A]错误,故排除:最后一段第二

句话中Davis也强调由于家长对孩子疏于管理,导致了孩子的肥胖,其根本原因还

是孩子自控力的缺乏所导致的,|B]错误,故排除;从第六段最后一句可以看出,

提高校供午餐质量和禁止软饮料以及垃圾食品有相同的作用,所以低质量的校供午

餐也是孩子肥胖的原因,[C]也不符合题意,故排除。

Asmallgroupofsalt-and-pcppcrhairedwomenwholiveoutsideJackson,Mississippi,

meeteveryotherTuesdayatthelocalantiquestorefortheirM.E.N.S.A.gathering.The

MostExclusiveNationalShoppingAssociationhasmetconsistentlyforthepastthree

years,butsomeofitsmembershavebeencloseformorethan50.MargaretCollins

Jenkins,58,ispresident.Aftershopping,whenthemeetingends,the10-15member

groupgoestodinner.ThoughJenkinssaysthegrouplaughsandcarrieson,thisismore

thanjustaclub.Thesewomenworktopreservethefriendshipsthey'vecultivatedovera

lifetime."Havingfriendsthatextendoverdecades,theymoreorlessknowyourhistory.

Theyknowyourinsandoutsandupsanddownsofyourlife,"Jenkinssaid."Thatjust

makesusbeabletobuildeachotherup.Thosefriendsthatknowyourhistory,theycan't

bereplaced."Thegroup'ssharedexperiencesarewhatsustainthemthroughlifechanges

likechildrearing,divorceanddeath.Andthey'rekeyelementstobuildingasenseof

communityandahealthylifestyle,expertssay.Dr.JamesHouse,fromtheUniversityof

Michigan,hasresearchedthehealthbenefitsofmeaningfulrelationships.Hesaysalack

ofsocialinteractionsispredictiveofpoorhealthandearlierdeathformostpeople.House

contendsthatkeepingincontactwithothersislikelytoregulateaperson'sownbehaviors

sothatitbecomeshardertoslipintopoorhealthhabits.TheM.E.N.S.A.ladiesstrive

tostayactiveandconnected.Onesnapshotcanconveydecadesoffriendship:That

weekendtriptoNewOrleans.Thosepaintingsessions,looselyreferredtoasartlessons.

Christmasspentdressedasfairies.ThisparticularsetofSouthernladiesdidn'tmeeton

Facebook.Theirconnectionstoeachotherhappenedovertime.Someofthewomenwork

togetherasteachers;othersgotothesamechurch.Afewareneighbors.SherryDowns,

57,saysshereliesonherclosestfriendstocarryherthroughlife'stwistsandturns,big

andsmall."Wvbelieveineachulhurabuuleverythingandwevaluevauhullicrs'

opinions,"Downssays.,rIjustaboutwon'ttakeastepwithoutaskingoneofthem,

'WhichwaydoIgo?"'Jenkins,aschoolteacherwhomovedintothecommunitynearly

40yearsago,saysshe'sbeenabletorelyonherlongtimeconfidantsduringthedarkest

periodsofherlife."Iwentthroughadivorce.Theywerethere,sosturdyandso

dependableineveryway,"shesays."Didtheystopincludingmeinthegroup?No.They

includedmeandmadeaspecialefforttomakemenotfeellikethethirdwheel.Inever

wasleftout.Theysupportedmenotonlyinwordsbutintheiractions."Asweage,we

begintofeelliberatedfrompastpatternsandhabits,saysRebeccaG.Adams,asociology

andgerontology(老年学)professorandexpertonfriendshipattheUniversityofNorth

CarolinaatGreensboro.Markersofaging,suchasretirementorwidowhood,triggera

periodoftransition,changeandredirection.Afterraisingchildrenanddevotingtimeto

buildingcareers,Adamssays,thereisareinvestmentinwhatonefeelsisimportant,such

asdearfriendships."Likeanythingyoudoinlife,itrequireswork,"Jenkinssays."Alot

ofpeopleIthinkwonderwhytheydon'thavethosekindsoffriends,andit'sbecauseit

takeswork.u

10、WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaboutthemembersofM.E.N.S.A.?

A^Allofthemarefemale.

Theyholdthegatheringathome.

CNTheymeeteveryotherweek.

D、Theyhavedinnertogetheraftershopping.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:细节题。文章第一段第一句表明,这一小群头发花白的妇人,每隔一

周的星期二就在当地的一家古董店碰面,举行她们的全国最高档购物协会的聚会,

所以[B]“她们在家里举行聚会”与文意不符,因此为正确答案。[A]“她们都是女性”

和[C/她们每隔一周碰一次面”在本句中都有所提及,故均排除;[D]“她们在购物

之后一起共进晚餐”在第一段最后有所提及,所以持除。

11、Thesewomensharetheirexperiencessoasto.

killtheirfreetime

B、knoweachotherbetter

C^endurethehardshipoftheirlife

D、supportthemthroughchanges

标准答案:D

知识点解析:细节题。文章第四段第一句提到,这个团体通过分享经历支撑她们度

过人生的变化,所以选[D]。[A]“消磨空闲时间”和[B]“更了解对方”在文中并未提

及,故均排除;第三段提到她们了解彼此一生的曲折与沉浮,但并未提及要忍受人

生的苦难,所以排除[C]。

12、What'simpliedbutNOTstatedbyDr.JamesHouseisthatsocial

interactions.

A、areimportantforfosteringasenseofcommunity

B、arebeneficialformakinggoodfriends

C、makepeoplebecomehealthier

D、cancontrolone'sownbehaviors

标准答案:C

知识点解析:推理题。由题干关键词Dr.JamesHouse定位到第五段,该段第二、

三句表明,詹姆斯・豪斯博士认为缺乏社会互动性对于大多数人而言预示着不健康

和早亡,而与他人保持联系可能会规范个人自身的行为,从而不容易养成不良的卫

生习惯,由此可知,社交互动能够防止养成不良的卫生习惯,也就是会让人们更健

康,所以选[0。[A]”对于形成团体意识很重要”在第四段最后一句提及,但这是专

家们所说的话,故排除;[B]“有利于交到好朋友''在文中并未提及,故排除;

[D]“nJ以控制个人的行为,,在第五段第三句提及,但这是文章直接表述的意思,不

用推断,所以排除。

13>TheseSouthernladiesstayintouchwitheachotherinthefollowingways

EXCEPT.

A、meetingonline

B、workingtogether

C、goingtothesamechurch

D、livingnearby

标准答案:A

知识点解析:细节题。文章第七段第一句表明,这些特别的南方淑女并没有在脸谱

网上碰面,所以[A]为正确答案。最后两句提到其中一些一起当教师,另外一些去

同一所教堂,还有少数几个人是邻居,[B]“一起工作"、[C]“去同一所教堂”和

[D]“住在附近”在本句中均有所提及,故排除。

14、Thepurposeofthispassageisto.

A、introducethehistoryofM.E.N.S.A.

B、tellthestoryofJenkins*life

C^pointouthowtomakegoodfriends

D、showthebenefitsoflifelongfriendship

标准答案:D

知识点解析:主旨题。文章开篇介绍了M.E.N.S.A.,提到该协会成员聚在

一起是为了维持她们已缔结了一生的友谊,她们中的一部分已认识了几十年,彼此

了解。互相之间分享经历支撑她们度过了人生中的一些变动。然后文章又以詹金斯

和雪莉・唐丝为例表明她们这些年紧密联系,互相支持渡过难关。文章最后提到友

谊是需要付出精力呵护的。由此可见,本文主要讲的是一生的友谊能支持人们度过

人生的难关,所以选[D]“表明一生的友谊所带来的好处”。[A]“介绍

M.E.N.S.A.的历史”和[B]“讲述焦金斯的故事”在文中虽有所提及,但只是

文章所提到的部分内容,并非主题,故均排除;指出如何交到好朋友”在文中

并未提及,故排除。

三、常规阅读理解(含6小题)(本题共6题,每题

7.0分,共6分。)

ThemysteryoftheexpansionofseaicearoundAntarctica,atthesametimeasglobal

warmingismeltingswathsofArcticseaicc,hasbeensolvedusingdatafromU.S.

militarysatellites.Twodecadesofmeasurementsshowthatchangingwindpatterns

aroundAntarcticahavecausedasmallincreaseinseaice,theresultofcoldwindsoffthe

continentblowingiceawayfromthecoastline."Untilnowthesechangesinicedriftwere

onlyspeculateduponusingcomputermodels,"saidPaulHollandattheBritishAntarctic

Survey."Ourstudyofdirectsatelliteobservationsshov/sthecomplexityofclimate

change.n"TheArcticislosingseaicefivetimesfasterthantheAntarcticisgainingit,so,

onaverage,theEarthislosingseaiceveryquickly.Thereisnoinconsistencybetween

ourresultsandglobalwarming."Theextentofseaiceisofglobalimportancebecause

thebrighticereflectssunlightfarmorethantheocean,meaningtemperaturerisesstill

further.ThissummersawarecordlowinArcticseaicesincesatellitemeasurements

began30yearsago.Hollandsaidthechangingpatternofseaiceatbothpoleswouldalso

affectglobaloceancirculation,withunknowneffects.HenotedthatwhileAntarcticsea

icewasgrowing,theAntarcticicecap-theglacierandsnowpackonthecontinent—was

losingmass,withthefreshwaterflowingintotheocean.TheresearchonAntarcticsea

ice,publishedinNatureGeoscience,revealedlargeregionalvariations.Inplaceswhere

warmwindsblowingfromthetropicstowardsAntarcticahadbecomestronger,seaice

wasbeinglostrapidly."Insomeareas,suchastheBellingshausenSea,theseaiceis

beinglostasfastasintheArctic,"saidHolland.Butinotherareas,seaicewasbeing

addedasseawaterleftbehindiccbeingblownawayfromthecoastfroze.Theneteffect

isthattherehasbeenanextra17,000sqkmofseaiceeachyearsince1978—abouta

tenthofapercentofthemaximumseaicecover.Antarcticaisacontinentsurroundedby

anocean,whereastheArcticisanoceansurroundedbyacontinent.Forthatreason,said

Holland,seaicewasnotabletoexpandbythesamemechanismintheArcticasatthe

southernpole,becauseifwindspushedtheiceawayfromthepoleitquicklyhitland.

HollanddidtheresearchwithRonKwokatNasa'sjetpropulsionlaboratoryinCalifornia,

wheremapsofseaicemovementswerecreatedfrommorethan5mindividualdaily

measurementscollectedover19years.Themapsshowed,forthefirsttime,thelong-term

changesinseaicedriftaroundAntarctica.Kwoksaid:'TheAntarcticseaicecover

interactswiththeglobalclimatesystemverydifferentlythanthatoftheArctic,andthese

resultshighlightthesensitivityoftheAntarcticicecoveragetochangesinthestreng:hof

thewindsaroundthecontinent."

15、Thecontradictionofchangesinseaicecoverageatbothpoleshasbeenmadeclear

A、datacollectedfromsatellites

B、twenty-year'smeasurements

C、computermodels

D、theBritishAntarcticSurvey

标准答案:A

知识点解析:细节题。文章第一段表明,全球变暖造成北极冰川带不断消融,而同

时南极周围的海冰面积却在扩大,借助美国军事卫星传回的数据,这一谜团己被破

解,所以两极海冰覆盖面积变化的矛盾之处已根据卫星收集的数据解释清楚了,故

|A|为正确答案。[B]“二十年的测量数据"、[C]“计算机模型”以及[D]“英国南极调杳

局''分别在第二段第一句和第三段第一句提及,但并未谈到它们解决了这一谜团,

故均排除。

16、ThearticleinNatureGeoscienceshows.

A、thecomplexityofclimatechange

B>thebigregionaldifference

C>theglobaloceancirculation

D^themechanismofseaiceexpanding

标准答案:B

知识点解析:细节题。由题干关键词NatureGeoscience定位到第七段第一句。该

句提到《自然•地球科学》上一项关于南极海冰的研究揭示出了巨大的地区差异,

所以选[B]。第三段表明,是英国南极调查局的保罗・霍兰德对直播卫星观测数据的

研究说明了“气候变化的复杂性”,因此排除[A];[C]“全球海洋环流”和[D「海冰面

积扩大的机制''分别在笫六段第二句和第九段第二句中霍兰德所说的话中有所提

及,而不是出现在《自然・地球科学》上,故均可排除。

17、AccordingtowhatHollandsaid,wecandrawtheconclusionthat.

A、wccanrelyonsatellitetoestimatechangesiniccdrift

B、hisresearchresultsconflictwithglobalwarming

C、thelocationofBellingshausenSeaisaroundtheAntarctic

D、theAntarcticicecoverageissensitivetochangesinwindstrength

标准答案:c

知识点.析:推理题。文章第七段最后一句提到,霍兰德说在某些地方海冰减少的

速度和北极一样快,并以别林斯高晋海为例,再根据,一句可知,这些地方是位于

南极,在这里从热带地区吹来的暖风变得更强了,所以海冰正在迅速减少,由此推

出[C]“别林斯高晋海的位置在南极周围”为正确答案。第三段第一句霍兰德提到这

些浮冰的变化只能依靠计算机模型来推测,所以[A]“我们可以依靠卫星来推测浮冰

的变化,,与文意不符,故排除;第四段最后霍兰德提到,我们的研究结果和全球变

暖并无相矛盾之处,因此[B]“他的研究结果与全球变暖相矛盾”与文意相反,故排

除;文章的最后一段提到,这些结果突出强调了南极冰盖对南极周围风力变化的灵

敏度,但这是罗恩・郭所说的话,故排除[D]。

IX、Themaximumseaicecoverisabout.

A、17,000sqkm

B、170,000sqkm

C、1,700,000sqkm

D、17,000,000sqkm

标准答案:D

知识点解析:推理题。文章第八段最后一句提到,从1978年开始,每年都额外增

加1.7万平方公里的海冰一这大约是海冰覆盖最大面积的千分之一,由此推出

海冰覆盖最大面积是1700万平方公里,所以[D]为正确答案。

19、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthemapsofseaicemovements?

A、TheyaretheresearchresultsofHollandandKwok.

B、TheyweremadeinalablocatedinCalifornia.

C、Thedataforthosemapshavebeencollectedover19years.

D、Theyshowthetemporarychangesinseaicedrift.

标准答案:D

知识点解析:细节题。由第十段最后一句可知,这些轨迹图第一次展示出南极周围

海冰漂移的长期变化,[D]与文中的意思相反,故为正确答案。[A]“它们是霍兰德

和郭的研究成果”、[B]”它们是在位于加利福尼亚州的一所实验室里绘制出来的”和

[C]“轨迹图所用的数据已收集了超过19年”都可以在本段中找到依据,故均可徘

除。

20、Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A、TheseaicechangesinAntarcticaredifferentfromthoseinArctic.

B>Globalwanninginfluencestheicccoverageatbothpoles.

C、MapsofseaicemovementsaroundAntarcticaandArcticweremade.

D、ThemeltingofArcticseaiceisfasterthantheexpandingofAntarcticseaice.

标准答案:A:

知识点解析:主旨题。文章开篇提到,通过美国军事卫星传回的数据已破解了南极

海冰随着北极融化而扩大这一谜团,测量数据表明南极周围多变的风向导致了海冰

的微幅增长。接着对比了北极海冰减少的速度和南极海冰增加的速度。然后以《自

然•地球科学》里一篇关于南极海冰的文章为例,解释了巨大的地区差异,在南极

某些地方海冰减少的速度和在北极一样快,但在南极的其他地方,海冰的面积增

加。文章最后提到南极的海冰冰盖与全球气候系统的交互作用和北极的区别很大。

由此可知,本文主要讨论的是[A]”南极海冰的变化与北极不同"。[B]“全球变暖影

响两极海冰的覆盖面积”在文中并未提及,故排除;[C]“南极和北极周围的海冰轨

迹图已绘制完毕”和[D]“北极海冰消融的速度比南极海冰增长的速度快”在文中均有

所提及,但这只是文章讨论的某个方面,而非文章的主题,故均可排除。

专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷第2套

一、选择题(本题共20题,每题1.0分,共20分。)

(I)OneofthemostintriguingstoriesoftheRussianRevolutionconcernstheidentityof

Anastasia,theyoungestdaughterofCzarNicholasII.DuringhisreignoverRussia,the

Czarhadplannedtorevokemanyoftheharshlawsestablishedbypreviousczars.Some

workersandpeasants,however,clamoredfbrmorerapidsocialreform.In1918agroup

ofthesepeople,knownasBolsheviks,overthrewthegovernment.OnJuly17or18,they

murderedtheCzarandwhatwasthoughttobehisentirefamily.(2)Althoughwitnesses

vouchedthatallthemembersoftheCzar'sfamilyhadbeenexecuted,therewererumors

suggestingthatAnastasiahadsurvived.Overtheyears,anumberofwomenclaimedto

beGrandDuchessAnastasia.Perhapsthebest-knownclaimantwasAnastasia

Tschaikovsky,whowasalsoknownasAnnaAnderson.(3)In1920,eighteenmonths

aftertheCzar'sexecution,thisterrifiedyoungwomanwasrescuedfromdrowningina

Berlinriver.Shespenttwoyearsinahospital,wheresheattemptedtoreclaimherhealth

andshatteredmind.ThedoctorsandnursesthoughtthatsheresembledAnastasiaand

questionedheraboutherbackground.ShedisclaimedanyconnectionwiththeCzar's

family.(4)Eightyearslater,though,sheclaimedthatshewasAnastasia.Shesaidthat

shehadbeenrescuedbytwoRussiansoldiersaftertheCzarandtherestofherfamilyhad

beenkilled.TwobrothersnamedTschaikovskyhadcarriedherintoRomania.Shehad

marriedoneofthebrothers,whohadtakenhertoBerlinandleftherthere,pennilessand

withoutavocation.Unabletoinvoketheaidofhermother'sfamilyinGermany,shehad

triedtodrownherself.(5)Duringthenextfewyears,scoresoftheCzar'srelatives,ex­

servants,andacquaintancesinterviewedher.Manyofthesepeoplesaidthatherlooksand

mannerismswereevocativeoftheAnastasiathattheyhadknown.Hergrandmotherand

otherrelativesdeniedthatshewastherealAnastasia,however.(6)Tiredofbeing

accusedoffraud,AnastasiaimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesin1928andtookthename

AnnaAnderson.ShestillwishedtoprovethatshewasAnastasia,though,andreturnedto

Germanyin1933tobringsuitagainsthermother'sfamily.Thereshedeclaimedtothe

court,assertingthatshewasindeedAnastasiaanddeservedherinheritance.(7)In1957,

thecourtdecidedthatitcouldneitherconfirmnordenyAnastasia'sidentity.Althoughwe

willprobablyneverknowwhetherthiswomanwastheGrandDuchessAnastasia,her

searchtoestablishheridentityhasbeenthesubjectofnumerousbooks,plays,and

movies.

1、Accordingtothepassage,.

A、Anastasiaisstillalive

B、AnastasiaistheonlychildofCzarNicholasII

C^manyhavetriedtoclaimtheidentityofAnastasia

D、Anastasiadiedinanexecution

标准答案:C

知识点露析:细节题。选项中出现的Anastasia是全文的关键词,在类似的人物传

记篇章中会多次出现,所以一般无法起到定位作用,只能采用排除法。文中提到沙

皇一家被执行死刑的时间是1918年,距今已有一个世纪,所以真正的Anaslasia可

能早已不在人世,而且文中对此没有直接陈述,所以排除选项A。文章第一段就写

到Anastasia是沙皇家中最小的女儿,所以她不是唯的孩了,排除选项B。如果

Anastasia死于1918年的行刑中,就不会有后面真假公主之争了,所以排除选项

Do通读全文也可以进一步确定选项C是正确答案,全篇主要围绕Alina是否是沙

皇最小的女儿这一问题展开。

2、WhenAnastasiaTschaikovskywasinthehospital,.

A、shechangedhername

B、shec

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