淄博市高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目(含答案)

淄博市高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目（含答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1.阅读理解

AstudypublishedinthejournalSciencerevealsthatsince1970,birdpopulationsintheUnited

StatesandCanadahavedeclinedby29percent,oralmost3billionbirds.Theresultsshow

tremendouslossesacrossdiversegroupsofbirdsandhabitats-fromiconicsongsterssuchas

meadowlarkstolong-distancemigrantssuchasswallows.

"Thesedataareconsistentwithwhatwe'reseeingelsewhere,"saidcoauthorPeterMarra,

formerheadoftheSmithsonianMigratoryBirdCenter.It'surgenttoaddressongoingthreats,

bothbecausethedominoeffects（多米诺效应）canleadtothedecayofecosystemsthathumans

dependonforourownhealthandlivelihoodsandbecausepeopleallovertheworldcherish

birdsintheirownright.Canyouimagineaworldwithoutbirdsong?"

Evidenceforthedeclinesemergedfromdetectionofmigratorybirdsintheairfrom143

NEXRADweatherradarstationsacrossthecontinentinaperiodspanningover10yearsaswellas

fromnearly50yearsofdatacollectedthroughmultiplemonitoringeffortsontheground.Crizen-

scienceparticipantsalsocontributedalot,fortheanalysisincludedcitizen-sciencedatafromthe

NorthAmericanBreedingBirdSurveycoordinatedbytheCanadianWildlifeService-themain

sourcesoflong-term,large-scalepopulationdataforNorthAmericanbirds.

Thestudynotedthatthelargestfactordrivingthesedecinesislikelythewidespreadlossand

degradationofhabitat,especiallyduetoagriculturalintensificationandurbanization.Other

studieshavedocumenteddeathfrompredation（捕食）bydomesticcats;collisionswithglass,

buildings,andotherstructures;andpervasive（普遍的）useofpesticidesassociatedwith

widespreaddeclinesininsects,anessentialfoodsourceforbirds.Climatechangeisexpectedto

compoundthesechallengesbyalteringhabitatsandthreateningplantcommunitiesthatbirds

needtosurvive.

"It'sawake-upcallthatwe'velostmorethanaquarterofourbirdsintheU.S.andCanada,"

saidcoauthorAdamSmithfromEnvironmentandClimateChangeCanada.Butthecrisisreaches

farbeyondourindividualborders.ManyofthebirdsthatbreedinCanadianbackyardsmigrate

throughorspendthewinterintheU.S.andplacesfarthersouth-fromMexicoandtheCaribbean

toCentralandSouthAmerica.Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemisphericeffortthat

unitespeopleandorganizationswithonecommongoal:bringingourbirdsback.

（1）Theunderlinedword"decay"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.

A.improvement

B.worsening

C.changed

D.threat

(2)WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Newfindingsoftheresearch.

B.Applicationsoftheresearch.

C.Datasourcesoftheresearch.

□.Methodsoftheresearch.

(3)WhatAdamSmithsaidmainlyimpliesthat.

A.birdpopulationsinAmericaandCanadadroppedbyaquarter

B.thebirdpopulationcrisisisnotjustwithinindividualborders

C.thereislittleindividualscandotohelpincreasebirdpopulations

D.thesolutiontosolvingthecrisisneedsinternationalcooperation

【答案】(1)B

(2)C

(3)D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究显示，美国和

加拿大的鸟类数量已经下降了，鸟类和栖息地都遭受了巨大的损失，作者根据研究数据来

说明解决这些问题迫在眉睫，需要全人类共同努力拯救鸟类。

(1)考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"It'surgenttoaddressongoingthreats,bothbecause

thedominoeffects(多米格效应)canleadtothedecayofecosystemsthathumansdependon

forourownhealthandlivelihoods"可知，解决持续的威胁迫在眉嚏，人类依赖生态系统以生

存和保持健康，这里的威胁指多米诺效应会破坏人们的生态系统，可以判断多米诺效应会

让生态系统恶化，故选1

(2)考查段落大意。根据第三段“在过去10年中，在整个非洲大陆143个天气雷达站对

候鸟的探测，以及通过在当地进行的多次监测工作收集到的近50年的数据......公民科学参

与者也做出了很大贡献，分析北美繁殖鸟类调查数据，这是北美鸟类长期、大规模数据的

主要来源。"可知，本段主要介绍了研究的数据来源，故选C。

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemispheric

effortthatunitespeopleaidorganizationswithonecommongoal:bringingourbirdsback.“口f

知，鸟类现在需要的是•项历史性的、半球性的努力，把人们和组织团结起来实现一个共

同目标：把鸟类带回来，所以解决这个危机需要国际合作，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及段落大意，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报

道。考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答

案。

2.假定你是李华，收到英国笔友George的邮件，请你介绍中国家庭聚会的情况(饮食、时

间、活动等)。请给他写一封邮件。

注意.词数100左右；

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

DearGeorge,

Yours,

LiHua

【答案】DearGeorge,

Knowingthatyou'reinterestedinwhatourChinesefamilygatheringsarelike,I'mgladto

introducesomeofmyexpediencewithyou.

WeChineseliketogettogetherwithourfamilyverymuch,especiallyonimportantdayssuch

asfestivalsandbirthdays.Mostofthetime,webringgiftstotheeldersandthekids.Eatingisone

ofthemostnecessarypartofthegathering,whichisusuallypreparedbyfamilymembers

together.Notonlyisthevariousfooddeliciousbutthetimewespendmakingandenjoyingit

togetherisenjoyable.Adultschattingandchildrenplayingaround,thisisthetypicalsceneofa

happyfamilygathering.

Hopeonedayyoucancomeandexperiencebyyourself!

Yours,

LIHua

【解析】【分析【本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份给英国笔友George写一封

邮件，介绍中国家庭聚会的情况（饮食、时间、活动等）。考牛.要认真阅读提示，列出提纲

和要点，并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识，采用不同的表达方式

将各要点完整地表述出来。写作时注意时态、语态的合理运用，主次分明，同时应选用合

适的连接词或过渡词，适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动

丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾

驭能力。例如：Knowingthatyou'reinterestedinwhatourChinesefamilygatheringsarelike,

I'mgladtointroducesomeofmyexperiencewithyou.运用了现在分词作原因状语和宾语从

句；Eatingisoneofthemostnecessarypartofthegathering,whichisusuallypreparedby

familymemberstogether.运用了非限制性定语从句;Notonlyisthevariousfooddeliciousbut

thetimewespendmakingandenjoyingittogetherisenjoyable.运用了倒装句，并列句前限制

性定语从句;Hopeonedayyoucancomeandexperiencebyyourself!运用了祈使句和并列

句。

3.（2019•浙江）阅读理解

Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublished

Tuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor（因素）.

Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,

000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,

fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLos

Angeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;in

partsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.

树的砍伐、住房向森林里推进、对野火的控制使得小树与大树竞争资源都是导致大树减少

的原因。控制野火的初衷是保护森林，但是却导致大树得不到足够的资源而死亡。故答案

为D。

(3)细节理解题。将watershortage定位在第五段，而McIntyre在最后一段，根据the

biggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcause

treestolosemorewatertotheair可知,导致水源紧张的是上升的温度,造成树木将更多的

水分散失到空气中。故答案为C。

(4)主旨大意题。文章的第一句是本文的主题句，文章围绕加利福尼亚大量的大树死亡展

开，对大树数量减少的原因进行研究。故答案为A。

【点评】本文属于生态环保类文章，文章的首段第一句即为本文的主题句。阅读是紧扣主

旨，快速浏览文章内容。答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词

所在句子的信息。

4.阅读理解

Onaverage,Americansspendabout10hoursadayinfrontofacomputerorotherelectronic

devicesandlessthan30minutesadayoutdoors.ThatsaclaimmadebyDavidStrayer,a

professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofUtah.Inhis2017TEDTalk,Strayerexplainedthatall

thistimespentwithtechnologyismakingourbrainstired.

Usinganelectronicdevicetoansweremails,listentothenewsandlookatFacebookputsalot

ofpressureonthefrontofthebrain,which,Strayerexplains,isimportantforcritical侑判断力

的）thinking,problem-solvinganddecision-making.

So,itisimportanttogivethebrainarest.Andbeinginnaure,Strayerclaims,helpsgetatired

brainawayfromtoomuchtechnology.Morethan15,000campersfromaroundtheworld

attendedaninternationalcampingfestivalinSeptember.Thatiswhenfriendsandfamilytake

timeoffandescapetonatureforseveraldays.Theytakewalks,climb,explore,swim,sleep,eat

andplay.Campingmaybejustwhatatiredbrainneeds.

TakeCarlforexample.HelivesinWestVirginiaandenjoyscamping.Hesaysthatstaying

outdoorsmakeshimfeelatease.Italsoprepareshimfortheworkhemustdo.KateSomersis

anotherexamplewhoalsolivesinWestVirginia.Shesayssheenjoyscampingwithherhusband

andtwochildren.Shecallsita“regenerative“experience.

AttheUniversityofUtah,DavidStrayerhasstudiedbothshort-termandlong-termexposureto

nature.Hefoundthatspendingshortamountsoftimeinnaturewithouttechnologydoescalm

thebrainandhelpsittorememberbetter.However;hefound,itisthelong-termcontactwith

naturethatdoesthemostgood.Heandhisresearchteamfoundthatspendingthreedaysin

naturpwithoutanytpchnolngyispnnughtimpfnrthebraintnfullyrplaxandrpspfitself.

(1)WhatisDavidStrayer'sopinion?

A.Americansdislikeoutdooractivities.

B.Electronicequipmentshouldbequitted.

C.Newtechnologiesareacouble-edgedsword.

D.Electronicequipmentbringsgreatconvenience.

(2)WhydoesStrayerinsistwegooutdoors?

A.Totryanotherlifestyle.B.Torefreshourbrain.

C.Tomakebetterdecisions.D.Toplaywithourfamilyandfriends.

(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“regenerative"mean?

A.RebornB.MemorableC.RemarkableD.Tiring

(4)Whichisthepropertitleforthepassage?

A.ElectronicEquipmentHarmstheBrain.B.GoodRestDevelopsGoodMemory.

C.TipsonUsingNewTechnologies.D.BeinginNctureIsGoodfortheBrain.

【答案】(1)C

(2)B

(3)A

(4)D

【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文，主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因

而鼓励人们多进行户外活动，让大脑休息。

(1)推理判断题。根据第二段Usinganelectronicdevicetoansweremails,listentothenews

andlookatFacebookputsalotofpressureonthefrontofthebrain可知，电子产品和网络信

息给我们带了方便，也给我们大脑产生了巨大的压力，故可知，科技是一把双刃剑，故选

Co

(2)细节理解题。根据第三段So,itisimportanttogivethebrainarest.Andbeinginnature,

Strayerclaims,helpsgetatiredbrainawayfromtoomuchtechnology.可知，亲近大自然，可

以让我们疲惫的大脑远离科技产品，让大脑获得休息，故选九

(3)词义猜测题。根据前文TakeCarlforexample.HelivesinWestVirginiaandenjoys

camping.Hesaysthatstayingoutdoorsmakeshimfeelatease.Italsoprepareshimforthework

hemustdo.可知，喜欢露营，呆在户外让他感到轻松，能够为必须做的工作做好准备，故

可知这个过程是一个再生的过程，让大脑休息的过程，故选A。

(4)主旨大意题。本文主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们

多进行户外活动.计大脑休息,故选D”

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一

篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略

读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上

下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5.阅读理解

AlisonMaimonwasendingherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofPennsylvania.US,whenshe

gotthenews:HerolderbrotherBrian,astudentatColumbiaUniversity;wassufferingfrom

mentalillness.

Inspiredbythis,Maimonformedagroupatheruniversitytoorganizestudentstotalkooenly

aboutmentalhealth.Itsoonblossomedintoanationalorganizationthattodayhasmorethan

450campuschapters.Leaderswiththeorganizationspendtheirtimetalkingwithcollege

studentsaboutthepressurethattoday'syoungpeopleface.

"Whatyouhearoftenisjustaneedtobeperfect,"ssidMaimon,"andaneedtopresent

oneselfasperfect."AnewstudyintheUKprovedthatthisneedforperfectionismissimplypart

oftoday'ssociety.Inthestudy,tworesearchersstudiedmorethan40,000studentsfromtheUS,

Canada,andtheUK.Theyfoundthatwhattheycalled"socially-prescribed(社会定向型的)

perfectionism"increasedbyathirdbetween1989and2016.

LeadresearcherThomasCurransaidthatwhilesomanyoftoday'syoungpeopletrytopresent

aperfectappearanceonline,socialmediaisn'ttheonlyreasonbehindthistrend.Instead,hesaid,

itmaybedrivenbycompetitioninmodemsociety,meaningyoungpeoplecan'tavoidbeing

sortedandrankedinbotheducationandemployment.Thatcomesfromnewnormalsituation

likegreaternumbersofcollegestudents,nationalexaminationandparentingthatincreasingly

emphasizessuccessineducation.

Furexample,in1976,halfofhighschoolseniorsexpectedtogeldcollegedegreeofsomekind.

By2008,morethan80percentexpectedthesame.Theresearchersalsosaidchangesin

parentingstylesoverthelasttwodecadesmighthavehadanimpact.Asparentsfeelincreased

pressuretoraisesuccessfulchildren,theyinturnpasstheir"achievementanxieties"ontotheir

kidsthrough"toomuchparticipationintheirchild'sactivitiesoremotions

ThoseinthementalhealthcommunitylikeMaimonsaythey'reconcernedabouttheimpact

thecultureofperfectionismhasonmentalhealthoncampuses."Mentalhealthhastrulybecome

thisgeneration'ssocialjustice(公正)issue,“shesaid."It'sourjobtoequipthemwiththetools

andtoletpeopleknowthatit'snottheirfault."

(1)WhatinspiredAlisonMaimontostartagrouprelatedtomentalhealth?

A.Herbrother'smentalillness.

B.Herprojectduringthefreshmanyear.

C.Thepressureshehadexperienced.

D.Herstronginterestinmentalhealth.

(2)Whatmaybepushingtodaysyoungpeopletostruggletobeperfect,accordingtothe

article?

a.Theimpactofsocialmedia.

b.Parents'highexpectationsoftheirchildren.

c.Thedecreasingnumberofcollegestudents.

d.Thefiercecompetitioninsociety.

e.Theirdesiretodrawtheirparents'attention.

A.a,b,c

B.a,d,e

C.a,b,d

D.b,c,e

(3)WhatdoesMaimonthinkisawaytohelpyoungpeoplemanagethepressureof

perfectionism?

A.Enablingthemtoknowwhatistoblamefortheirpressure.

B.Loweringtheirexpectationsofthemselves.

C.Reducingparents'involvementintheirchildren'slife.

D.Makingthemawareofwhattruesocialresponsibilityis.

(4)Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyoncollegestudents.

B.Researchintothetrendofperfectionism.

C.Agroupdevotedtohelpingpeoplestaymentallyhealthy.

□.Variouspressuresthattoday'syoungpeoplearefacing.

【答案】(1)A

(2)C

(3)A

(4)B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了完美主义给当代年轻人带来的巨大压力，并

分析了完美主义出现的具体原因。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"HerolderbrotherBrian,astudentatColumbia

University;wassufferingfrommentalillness."；以及第二段中的"Inspiredbythis,Maimon

formedagroupatheruniversitytoorganizestudentstotalkopenlyaboutmentalhealth.“可知正

是Maimon的哥哥Brian思上了精神病让Maimon决定创办一个研究精神病的研究小组。故

选Ao

(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"socialmediaisn'ttheonlyreasonbehindthistrend.

Instead,hesaid,itmaybedrivenbycompetitioninmodemsociety...Thatcomesfromnew

normalsituationlikegreaternumbersofcollegestudents,nationalexaminationandparenting

thatincreasinglyemphasizessuccessineducation."可知社交媒体不是年轻人所面临压力的唯

一原因，当代社会的激烈竞争以及父母对孩子教育成功的期待都是重要原因。故选配

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"It，sourjobtoequipthemwiththetoolsandtolet

peopleknowthatit'snottheirfault."可知Maimon认为年轻人应该让人们知道精神健康方面

的问题不是他们的错误，而是社会以及父母给他们带来的。故选A。

(4)考查主旨大意。本文是一篇说明文，前两段导入话题：完美主义给年轻人带来了巨

大的精神压力，人们组建了研究团队对此进行研究。第三段第一句点明主题"Whatyouhear

。代enisjustaneedtobeperfect,"saidMaimon,"andaneedtopresentoneselfasperfect.'下文

分析了完美主义产生的具体原因，并提出了年轻人的应对方法。所以本文主要讲述的是对

完美主义的研究。故选九

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象

类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析,推理，概

括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6.阅读理解

ThemayorofFlintofferedMissMichiganEmilySiomahighpraiseonTuesdayforspeakingout

atthisweekend'sMissAmericaconferenceaboutthecity'swatercrisis.

"Iwasreallyexcitedforhertodothat,"MayorKarenWeavertoldTMZ."Ithinkshewasvery

bravebecausesomanytimesyousaywhoyouareandwhereyou'refromandjustgeneral

information.Forhertotakethatopportunityanduseherplatformandusehervoicetospeakup

aboutwhat'sgoingoninMichiganandinFlint,inparticular;wasjustamazing."

EmilySioma,24,introducedherselfonstageonSundaybysaying,"Fromthestatewi:h84

percentoftheU.S.freshwaterbutnoneforitsresidentstodrink.IamMissMichiganEmily

Sioma."Thebrief'speechwasareferencetoFlint,atownwithlead-filleddrinkingwater.

WeaversaidSioma'sdecisiontospeakabouttheFlintwatercrisisdemonstratedherimpressive

character."Iapplaudherforbeingabraveyoungwoman.Anditalsoshowsyouthatshe'snota

selfishperson,"Weaversaid."Shecouldhavetalkedonlyaboutherself,butshechosetousethis

opportunitytobringattentionto,andkeepattentionon,what'sgoingoninFlint,what'sgoingon

withwaterqualitystandardswhat'sgoingonwiththisbro<eninfrastructure(基础设施)thatwe

haveacrossthecountry."

Ratingsshowedthat4.3millionviewerswatchedtheABCprogram.AlthoughMissNewYork

NidInidniFranklinullirndteywunIhecompelilion,niariyTwillerusersquicklygulbehindSionid,

whodidnotmakethefinal15,afterherintroduction.

"EmilySiomawantedtcmakeanimpact,"oneTwitteruserwroteonSunday.Regardlessof

whetheryouagreewithwhatshesaidornot-sheisshininglightonapressingissuethatwehave

inourstateandthatisstillnotsolved.ThatisaMissAmerica."

(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"watercrisis"refertoinParagraph1?

A.Watertransportation.

B.Watershortage.

C.Waterreservation.

D.Waterquality.

(2)HowdoesthemayorfindEmilySioma?

A.Curiousandcautious.

B.Braveandunselfish.

C.Proudandadmirable.

D.Talkativeandoutgoing.

(3)WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph5?

A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.

B.IntroducetheABCprogram.

C.EmphasizeSioma'sinfluence.

D.Addsomebackgroundinformation.

(4)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheMayorofFlint

B.ATwitterVoice

C.TheABCCompetition

D.AMissAmerica

【答案】(1)D

(2)B

(3)C

(4)D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Sioma在一次会议中大胆地提出了美国大城市用水

质量存在的问题，Flint市的市长高度赞扬了她并认为她是一个勇敢且大公无私的人，网上

的人们也表达了对此事的看法。

(1)考杳词义猜测。根据第三段中的"Fromthestatewith84percentoftheU.S.freshwater

butnoneforitsresidentstodrink”该州拥有美国84%的淡水，但却没有可供居民饮用的水;

和第四段中的"shechosetousethisopportunitytobringattentionto,andkeepattentionon,

what'sgoingoninFlint,what'sgoingonwithwaterqualitystandards”她选择利用这个机会来引

起人们的注意，并持续关注Flint正在发生的事情，水质标准正在发生的事情，可推

知,Sioma在会议中提出了美国城市面临的水质问题，由此可知，此处画线词watercrisis应指

美国城市的水质问题，与D项意思相近。故选D。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Iapplaudherforbeingabraveyoungwoman.Andit

alsoshowsyouthatshe'snotaselfishperson."我为她的勇敢喝彩。这也表明她不是一个自私

的人。可知，市长认为EmilySioma是一个勇敢时且大公无私的人。故选B。

(3)考查推理判断。通读第五段可知，虽然Sioma没有获得冠军，但是有许多人都支持

她。再结合第六段中的"EmilySiomawantedtomakeanimpact/EmilySioma想要制造影

响；以及“oneTwitteruserwroteonSunday.Regardlessofwhetheryouagreewithwhatshe

saidornotsheisshininglightonapressingissue”一名Tv/itter用户周日写道。不管你是否同

意她所说的，她正在解决一个紧迫的问题)可推知，作者写第五段主要是为了强调Sioma

的影响力。故选C。

(4)考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文介绍了Sioma大胆地提出了美国大城市用水质量

存在的问题，Flint市市长高度赞扬了她。再根据最后一段中的"sheisshininglightona

pressingissuethatwehaveinourstateandthatisstillnotsolved.That,isaMissAmerica.“她在

我们州的一个紧迫问题上发出了希望之光，而这个问题仍然没有得到解决。这就是美国小

姐。可知，选Do

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一

篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行

分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7.阅读理解

Sincewe'veheadedintothesnowypartoftheyear,itseemslikeagoodtimetosolvea

languagepuzzlethatEskimoshaveahugenumberofwordsforsnow.Theideawaspopularized

bythenowwell-knownexpertBenjaminLeeWhorfinthe1940s.Hisnumberwasapproximately

fiveEskimowordsforsnow,butsomehowthestorywassowidespreadandromanticthatitgot

outofcontrolandgrewbiggerandbigger.

TherearetwoproblemswiththeconceptofEskimoshavingtonsofwordsforsnow.

First,Eskimosspeakatleasttwodifferentlanguages—InuitandYupik.Justaswehavetalked

abouthowEnglishandmanyotherlanguagesdevelopedfromacommonlanguagecalledProto-

Indo-European,InuitandYupikcomefromadifferentcommonlanguagecalledEskimo-Aleut.So

sayingEskimoshave100wordsforsnowislikesayingEuropeanshave100wordsforkingsor

queens.Itmightbetellingyousomethingbroadaboutculture,butitisn'treallytellingyoumuch

aboutlanguage.

Thesecondproblemis"Whatisaword?”TheInuitandYupiklanguagesmakewordsin

differentwaysfromhowv/emakewordsinEnglish.Forexample,theWestGreenlandicword

'siku/(seaice),isusedastherootfor'sikursuit(packice),'Sikuliaq(newice),and'sikurluk

(meltingice).Butit'snotthatWestGreenlandichassomanymorewordsfordescribingsnow

thanEnglish,it'sjustthatWestGreenlandicexpressesideasbycombiningmeaningfulunitsof

languagetogetherintoonewordwhileEnglishusesmorephrasesandcompounds.Weexpress

allthesameideas;wejustdoitalittledifferentlybecauseofthewayourlanguageisbuilt.

Soyou'reprobablystillv/ondering,"Ifit'snot50or100or400words,howmanyisit?"Well,

Woodburylists15thatarepresentinaYupikdictionarypublishedin1984,buthesaysthat

dependingonhowyoulookatitthisisnotanexactnumber.Itcouldbe12;itcouldbe24.Butit's

certainlynot100.

Sometimes,the"hundredwordsforsnow"puzzleisusedtoarguethatbecauseEskimoshave

somanywordsforsr\o\N,theythinkaboutsnowinwaysthatwecan'tevenbegintoimagine—

thatyourlanguagedecidesorlimitsyourthoughts.Languagesarejustdifferent.Theydon't

decidewhatweareabletothinkaboutorarenotabletothinkabout.Icanthinkaboutsnow

floatingonwaterevenifwedon'thaveawordforthatinEnglish.

Sowhenyou'reoutskiingorsnowboardingorjustshovelingyourdrivewaythiswinter,don't

believethepeoplewhotrytotellyouthatEskimoshave100wordsforsnow.

(1)WhyareEskimosthoughttohavesomanywordsforsnow?

A.BecausesnowiseverywherewhereEskimoslive.

B.Becausethestoryaboutitgotenrichedandbelieved.

C.BecausesnowisofgreatimportancetoEskimos.

D.BecauseEskimoshavegreataffectionforsnow.

(2)Howdoesthewriterexplainthefirstproblem?

A.Bypresentingfigures.B.Bymakingcomparisons.

C.Byquotingsayings.D.Byadoptingidioms.

(3)TheexampleofthewestGreenlandicword'siku'showsthat_.

A.themakingofwordsvariesfromlanguagetolanguage

B.theInuitandYupiklanguageshavemorewordsforsnow

C.therichnessofwordsandphrasesleadstodifferentideas

D.morephrasesaboutsnowarefoundintheEnglishlanguage

(4)Whatconclusioncanwesafelydrawfromthelasttwcparagraphs?

A.Eskimosbetterunderstandsnowthanotherpeople.

B.Languagesdeeplyinfluencepeople'sabilitytothink.

C.ThereisnopointcountingEskimo'sexpressionsforsnow.

D.Whatcomesintoourmindislimitedbyourlanguage.

【答案】(1)B

(2)B

(3)A

(4)C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了爱斯基摩人描述雪的词语虽然多但并非传言

中的100多个。出现这•想象的原因是1.爱斯基摩人本身就说两种语言，不同的语言就会

有不同的描述。2.词汇方面的融合也使得他们有很多能描述雪的词语。

(1)考杳细节理解。根据第一段中的"HisnumberwasapproximatelyfiveEskimowordsfor

snow,butsomehowthestorywassowidespreadandromanticthatitgotoutofcontroland

grewbiggerandbigger.”可知,本身BenjaminLeeWhorf对于雪的词汇可能就只有5个，但

是故事不断的传播，甚至带着浪漫主义气息，使得故事传播的越来越广泛，故事内容也越

来越夸张。故选B。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"JustaswehavetalkedabouthowEnglishandmany

otherlanguagesdevelopedfromacommonlanguagecalledProto-Indo-European,作者将英

语和从原始印欧语发展而来的其他语言进行了比较，由此可知采用了比较的方法。故选

B”

(3)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Weexpressallthesameideas;wejustdoitalittle

differentlybecauseofthewayourlanguageisbuilt."以及第四段的例子中,不同语言、不同词

汇表达的都是同一个意思，唯一不同的是语言构建方式的不同而已。故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"Languagesarejustdifferent.Theydon'tdecide

whatweareabletothinkaboutorarenotabletothinkabout.”语言都是不一样的，而且语言

也决定不了我们能或不能想什么；以及最后•段中的"don'tbelievethepeoplewhotrytotell

youthatEskimoshave100wordsforsnow."不用相信那些想要告诉你爱斯基摩人有100种描

述雪的词汇，即不用在意究竟有多少诃。由此可知，诃汇的多少并不影响思想，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型佗考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8.阅读理解

Theideathatcomputershavesomeamountof"intelligence"isnotnew,saysRalphHaupter,

thepresidentofMicrosoftAsia,pointingasfarbackas1950whencomputerpioneerAlanTuring

askedwhethermachinescanthink."Soithastakennearly70yearsfortherightcombinationof

factorstocometogethertomoveAlfromconcepttoreality；'saysHaupter.

Itispredictedthatthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencewillbethestoryoftheccming

generations,notjustthecomingyear,butas2019getsunderway,you'llfindAlwillbeginto

touchyourlifeinmanywaysaccordingtosomeresearchers.

"PersonalassistantAiswillkeepgettingsmarter.Asourpersonalassistantslearnmoreabout

ourdailyroutines,IcanimcginethedayIneednottoworryaboutpreparingdinner.MyAlknows

whatIliketoeat,whichdaysoftheweekIliketocookathome,andmakessurethatwhenIget

backfromworkallmygroceriesarewaitingatmydoorstep,readyformetopreparethat

deliciousmealIhadbeenlongingfor."---AlecjandroTroccoli,seniorresearchscientist,NVIDIA.

"ThankstoAl,thefacewillbethenewcreditcard,thenewdriver'slicenseandthenew

barcode(条形码).Facialrecognitionisalreadycompletelytransformingsecuritywithbiometric

capabilitiesbeingadopted,andseeinghowtechnologyandbusinessareconnected,likeAmazon

iswithWholeFoods,Icanseeanearfuturewherepeoplewillnolongerneedtostandinlineat

thestore."—GeorgesNahon,president,OrangeInstitute,aglobalresearchlaboratory.

"2019willbetheyearAlbecomesrealformedicine.Bytheendoftheyearwe'reseeing

solutionsforpopulationhealth,