江苏专版2025版高考英语大二轮复习专题3阅读理解第二节推理判断题一细节推断题学案牛津译林版

PAGEPAGE19一、细微环节推断题(2024·江苏，C)WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine？Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople’sopinions.However，theyhaverealimpacts，astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution，representedbytheInternet，hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso“yesterday”thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin“post-industrialsociety”hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造业)，withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.Evenmoreworryingly，thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe“digitaldivide”betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.ThishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequestion，however，iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells，extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople’slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages.Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant，butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.Inyetanotherexample，afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina“borderlessworld”.Asaresult，inthelasttwentyyearsorso，manypeoplehavecometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress，goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.Believinginsuchaworld，manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital，labourandgoods，withpoorresults.Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies，bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels，andformakingtherightcareerchoicesattheindividuallevel.However，ourfascinationwiththelatest，andourunder-valuationofwhathasalreadybecomecommon，can，andhas，ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.语篇解读对于新科技作用的误判可能会误导人们对已有的技术的相识和运用，影响对社会的认知。61.Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto.A.alackofconfidenceintechnologyBaslowprogressintechnologyC.aconflictorpublicopinionsD.awasteoflimitedresources答案D解析细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“However，theyhaverealimpacts，astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.”可知，对于新技术影响的误判导致了对于稀缺资源的误用，故选D。62.TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould.A.takepeople’sessentialneedsintoaccountB.maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeopleC.ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupportD.providemoreaffordableInternetfacilities答案A解析推理推断题。依据第四段中的“Thequestion，however，iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells，extendingelectricitynetworksand...inruralvillages.”可知，作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应当考虑人们的基本要求，而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品，受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃。故本题答案为A。63.Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?A.Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.B.Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.C.Ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.D.Over-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.答案B解析细微环节理解题。依据第五段内容可知，随着通信和交通运输技术的发展，人们认为我们生活在一个“无国界的世界”，由此很多政府取消了一些必要的规则，故本题答案为B。64.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.B.Traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.C.Makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.D.Economicpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.答案B解析推理推断题。通读全文，尤其是依据文章最终一段中的“However，ourfascination...wrongdirections.”可知，我们对于最新技术的入迷，和对于已经普遍存在的技术作用的低估会将我们引向错误的方向，即传统的技术在当今仍有着重要的作用。故B项符合文意。一、题型解读细微环节推断题要求考生依据语篇内容，推断详细细微环节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事务等。一般可依据短文供应的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理推断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出精确的推断。题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，示意)，imply(示意)，suggest(示意)，conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.4.Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat.二、解题技巧——关键词句细推敲第一步：定位细微环节——依据题干供应的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。其次步：揣摩细微环节——对原文中的信息进行分析，推理推断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。留意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细微环节内容作为推理的结论。2.勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。例如：【真题感悟】中的第62题：依据第四段中的“Thequestion，however，iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells，extendingelectricitynetworksand...inruralvillages.”可知，作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应当考虑人们的基本要求，而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品，受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃。故本题答案为A。AThisweek，amammoth(猛犸象)possiblykilledbyhumans10,000to15,000yearsagowasfoundinsoyfieldsabout50mileswestofDetroit.ItwasfoundbyfarmerJamesBristleandhisneighborTrentSatterthwaite，whowerereportedlydigginginthefield.Atfirst，theycouldn’t1figureoutwhattheywereseeing.“Itwasprobablyaribbonethatcameup，”BristletellsAnnArborNews.“Wethoughtitwasabentfence9post.”Uponcloser6inspection，however，itbecamecleareventountrainedeyesthiswasnofencepost.“Weknewitwassomethingspecial.”Thentheyspedupthedig.AfterfindingthebonesMondaynight，BristlecalledtheUniversityofMichiganTuesdaymorningtoreporthisfind.ScientistDanielFisherarrivedtoinspectitWednesday，andbyThursdaymorninghehad2confirmedit’sawoollymammoth.Heconcludestheanimalwasabout40yearsoldwhenitdied.Itwashuntedbyhumans，hesays，whokilleditandstoredtheremainsinapondasawayof7preservingthemeatforfutureuse.It’s4stilltooearlytotellexactlyhowitdied，FishertellsDetroit’sWWJ-TV，“buttheskeletonshowedsignsofhuman’sbutchering.”11Thebonesarebeing3temporarilystorednearby，accordingtotheFreePress，anditremainsunclearwherethey’lleventuallyendup.Theirresearchvaluewillbedeterminedoncethey’vebeencleanedanddried.WoollymammothsoncelivedinEurasiaandNorthAmerica，andmostdisappearedby10,000yearsago—ademise(终止)thathasbeenlinkednotonlytohumans，butalsotochangingclimate.It’snowbelievedthatwarmingweather8weakenedtheirpopulationsbeforehumansdealtthefinalblows.语篇解读一位农夫及其邻居在底特律旁边的地里发觉了猛犸象的尸骨，迹象表明它们是被人类捕杀的。科学家们对此正在进行进一步的探讨。1.HowdidJamesBristleandhisneighborfindwhattheyfoundatfirst?A.It’sdelicate.B.It’sold.C.It’sunique.D.It’sworthless.答案D解析推理推断题。依据其次段第一、二句“‘Itwasprobablyaribbonethatcameup，’BristletellsAnnArborNews.‘Wethoughtitwasabentfencepost.’”可知，JamesBristle和他邻居认为最早发觉的猛犸象的肋骨是一根弯曲的栅栏柱子，没有什么价值。故选D。2.Whatcanweknowaboutthemammothaccordingtothetext?A.Itmightdieinits40s.B.ItwasnativetoEurasia.C.Itpreferredwalkinginthefields.D.Itmainlydiedfromclimatechange.答案A解析细微环节理解题。依据第三段第三句“Heconcludestheanimalwasabout40yearsoldwhenitdied.”可知，这头猛犸象死时大约40岁。故选A。3.WhichisDanielFisher’sopinion?A.Thebonesarewellworthstudying.B.Themammothwaskilledbyabutcher.C.Thenewfoundsitehasevidenceofhumanactivity.D.It’sunclearwhethertheboneswereamammoth’s.答案C解析推理推断题。依据第三段第四句“Itwashuntedbyhumans，hesays，whokilleditandstoredtheremainsinapondasawayofpreservingthemeatforfutureuse.”和最终一句中的“...buttheskeletonshowedsignsofhuman’sbutchering.”可知，DanielFisher认为发觉猛犸象的地方以前有人类活动的痕迹。故选C。4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphmean?A.Driedtheirbones.B.Tooktheirlives.C.Destroyedtheirhome.D.Preservedtheirmeat.答案B解析句意揣测题。此处指现在人们信任在人类对它们进行最终的打击之前，气候变暖使猛犸象的数量削减了。人类的最终打击指人类对猛犸象的大量捕杀。故选B。BBarcelona’sfamousSegradaFamiliaisfinallysettogetabuildinglicence，137yearsafterworkonthestilluncompletedchurchbegan.12ConstructionontheUNESCOWorldHeritagebasilica(长方形基督教堂)，whichisBarcelona’smostvisitedtouristattraction，beganin1882basedonadesignbyarchitectFranciscoLozano.However，whenhesteppeddown，architectAntoniGauditookoverthedesignin1883.Thebuildingwon’tbefinisheduntil2026—onehundredyearsafterthearchitectwaskilledbyastreetcarinthecity.HisbodywasburiedinaroomundertheflooroftheSagradaFamilia.Togetitspaperworkrubber10stamped，thechurchauthoritieshaveagreedtofinallypaythegovernmenta€36millionfeeforabuildingpermit.Gaudiwastoldtogetthepaperworkprocessed，butthearchitectfailedtodoso—proceedingwithconstructionregardless.Themoneyfromthechurch’spermitwillbeusedtoupgradetransportlinksandbeautifythearea.GaudiandhisworkshavebecomesymbolsofBarcelona，thecapitalcityofCatalonia，northeastSpain.GaudiplayedanactiveroleindirectingtheconstructionoftheSagradaFamiliauntilhisdeathin1926.Hewouldoftenrequestthatworkbemodifiedandadjusteduntilitwasexactlywhathehadinmind.However，5interpretationofthedesignsbypresentdayarchitectsisparticularlychallengingbecauseofthenatureoftheexistingdesigns.TheunfinishedbuildingiscalledamasterpieceofGothicarchitectureanditisperhapsthemostuniqueandmysteriousbuildinginthestyleeverconstructed.Thepopularityofthesitewithtouristshashelpedfundthepushtocompletethechurchandpayforthepaperwork.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章讲解并描述了巴塞罗那闻名的SegradaFamilia教堂最终获得了建筑许可。这座137年前起先建立的尚未完工的教堂又起先动工了。5.WhatdoweknowabouttheSegradaFamilia?A.Ithasbeencompletelyconstructed.B.ItwasfirstdesignedbyAntoniGaudi.C.Itwillgetabuildingpermitin2026.D.Itbegantobebuilt137yearsago.答案D解析细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Barcelona’sfamousSegradaFamiliaisfinallysettogetabuildinglicence，137yearsafterworkonthestilluncompletedchurchbegan.”可知，SegradaFamilia始建于137年前。故选D。6.WhatcanweinferaboutAntoniGaudi?A.Hewishedtobeburiedinthechurch.B.Heisrememberedasagreatarchitect.C.Hedidn’tknowapermitwasnecessary.D.Heistoblamefortheunfinishedchurch.答案B解析推理推断题。依据第三段最终一句“GaudiandhisworkshavebecomesymbolsofBarcelona，thecapitalcityofCatalonia，northeastSpain.”和第四段第一句“GaudiplayedanactiveroleindirectingtheconstructionoftheSagradaFamiliauntilhisdeathin1926.”可推知，AntoniGaudi是一位宏大的建筑师。故选B。7.WhatmakestheSegradaFamiliasopopular?A.Itsunusualdesignstyle.B.Itstwofamousarchitects.C.Itsspecialbuildingmaterials.D.Itsillegalconstructionpaperwork.答案A解析细微环节理解题。依据最终一段第一句“TheunfinishedbuildingiscalledamasterpieceofGothicarchitectureanditisperhapsthemostuniqueandmysteriousbuildinginthestyleeverconstructed.”可知，独特的设计风格让SegradaFamilia大受欢迎。故选A。8.Thechurchmanagedtopayforthelicence.A.inthesupportofthegovernmentB.byreducingconstructioncostsC.withtheaidoftouristincomeD.throughdonationsfromarchitects答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据第三段第一句可知，该座教堂没有建筑许可证。再依据最终一段的末句“Thepopularityofthesitewithtouristshashelpedfundthepushtocompletethechurchandpayforthepaperwork.”可知，教堂通过旅游收入来支付建筑许可证的费用。故选C。Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并依据句意揣测画线部分的意思1.Ittookthemaboutonemonthtofigureouthowtostarttheequipment.弄清2.Toconfirmtheresults，hemadecalculationsbasedonhisowndata，whoseresultswerealmostthesame.v.确认3.Thedailyflighttothecityhasbeentemporarilydelayedbecauseoftheearthquake.adv.短暂地4.Thesun，atleast，sofarasweareconcerned，isstandingstill.adj.静止的5.It’sdifficulttoputanaccurateinterpretationonthesurveyresultswithoutenoughreference.n.说明(二)同义词语替换6.OnarrivalinAustraliayoumustdeclareallfood，plantmaterialandanimalproductsforinspectiontoensuretheyarefreeofpestsanddiseases.check7.Ttect8.Frequentlycheckingyourmessagesandmicroblogscanweakenyourconcentrationandproductivity.reduce(三)一词多义9.postv.发帖子n.柱子；帖子；职位v.&n.邮寄(1)Asaresult，you’llreceiveyourbookthroughthepost.n.邮寄(2)Myfatherhasheldfull-timeteachingpostsatseveraluniversities.n.职位(3)Belowisamessageandsomeresponsesthatarepostedonahealthwebsite.v.发帖子(4)Eddieparkedhiscycleagainstalamppostandlockedit.n.柱子10.stampn.邮票；印，章v.盖章；跺脚(1)It’samazingthathepossessessuchalargecollectionofstamps.n.邮票(2)Hestampedhisnameonallhisbookstokeeptrack.v.盖章(3)Chinesepaintingsgenerallyhavecalligraphicinscriptionsintheformofpoetryandaspecialstamp.n.印，章(4)Inordertokeepwarm，westampedourfeetconstantly.v.跺脚Ⅱ.长难句理解11.Thebonesarebeingtemporarilystorednearby，accordingtotheFreePress，anditremainsunclearwherethey’lleventuallyendup.[句式分析]本句为并列句。and前谓语动词是arebeingstored，是现在进行时的被动语态；and后面主句为itremainsunclear，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是where引导的从句。[精致译文]据自由媒体报道，这些骨头被短暂存放在旁边，但还不清晰它们最终会去哪儿。12.ConstructionontheUNESCOWorldHeritagebasilica(长方形基督教堂)，whichisBarcelona’smostvisitedtouristattraction，beganin1882basedonadesignbyarchitectFranciscoLozano.[句式分析]本句为复合句，主语是construction，谓语是began。which引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词basilica。basedon...作状语，表示“以……为依据”。[精致译文]被列为联合国教科文组织世界遗产的大教堂(长方形基督教堂)是巴塞罗那最受欢迎的旅游景点，它始建于1882年，依据建筑师弗朗西斯科·洛扎诺的设计建立。强化练(十九)Ⅰ.单项填空1.Thoughourfootballboysarefacedwithfourgoalsbehind，theyarestillstrugglinghardinthefieldto.(2024·南徐盐常四市联考)A.facethemusicB.savefaceC.costtheirarmandlegD.landontheirfeet答案B解析考查习语。facethemusic勇于担当后果；saveface挽回颜面，保住面子；costtheirarmandleg付出巨大代价；landontheirfeet逢凶化吉。句意为：我们的足球队落后四个球，但队员们仍在球场上努力挽回面子。依据“fourgoalsbehind”及“stillstrugglinghard”推断此处表示“挽回颜面”，故B项正确。2.Asaresultofisnowknowninphysicsandchemistry，scientistshavebeenabletomakeimportantdiscoveriesinbiologyandmedicine.(2024·苏州八校高三联考)A.whatB.itC.whichD.that答案A解析考查宾语从句。句意为：由于目前在物理学和化学上已知的学问的缘由，科学家们已经能够在生物学和医药上取得重要发觉。分析句子可知，所填词引导宾语从句，作of的宾语，且从句中缺乏主语，故用连接代词，故选A。which表示在范围内的某一个，本句没有范围，故解除。3.Afterintomorethan50languages，SpongeBobSquarePants，alsosimplyasSpongeBobhasearnednumerousawardsincludingfourEmmyAwards.(2024·江苏江都、华罗庚等中学联考)A.translating；beingreferredtoB.havingbeentranslated；referringtoC.translated；referringtoD.beingtranslated；referredto答案D解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：在被翻译成50多种语言后，SpongeBobSquarePants，又名《海绵宝宝》，赢得了包括四次艾美奖在内的众多奖项。介词after后接动名词作宾语，SpongeBobSquarePants与translate之间是被动关系，而且被翻译成多种语言和获奖几乎同时发生，没有明显的先后依次，所以第一空用beingtranslated，SpongeBobSquarePants与referto之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应当用过去分词表示被动，所以其次空用referredto，故D项正确。4.—Iwonderwhatmakesyouagoodsalesperson.—Iasawaiterforthreeyears，whichcontributesalottomytoday’swork.A.serve B.haveservedC.hadserved D.served答案D解析考查时态。句意为：——我想知道什么使你成为一个好的销售员。——我当了三年服务员，这对我现在的工作很有帮助。依据句意，做服务员是过去发生的事，因此才说对现在销售员的工作产生很多帮助，用过去时即可，故选D。5.Theinfrastructureprojecthasconsumedsomuchmoneythatwecan’tfindanyfinancialsupportandhaveto.(2024·南徐盐常四市联考)A.pullout B.pullthroughC.catchup D.catchon答案A解析考查动词短语辨析。pullout离开，撤离；pullthrough渡过难关；catchup赶上；catchon变得流行。句意为：这个基础设施项目花费了太多的钱，我们找不到资金支持，只好撤出。故A项正确。6.Thelatestsurvey，bytheforeigncompany，foundthatmorethan12%teenagerswanttoworkaspilotswhentheygrowup.A.tobeconducted B.beingconductedC.conducted D.havingconducted答案C解析依据句意和结构可知bytheforeigncompany作定语，修饰Thelatestsurvey，Thelatestsurvey和conduct是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。7.Theresultisduetobeannouncedtomorrow.Whyyouknowitnow?A.can B.mightC.need D.must答案D解析句意为：预料明天公布结果。你为什么偏要现在知道呢？must“偏要，非要”符合语境。“Whymustyou...？”为常用句型，表示“为什么你非要……？”，用以告知某人其举止令人生气或困扰。can能，会；might可能；need须要。8.Anyoffendershallbebroughtbackandbroughttojusticehe/shemayfleeabroad.A.incase B.evenifC.nowthat D.ifonly答案B解析句意为：任何违法者都必需被抓回国内并且对其进行法律制裁，即使他/她可能潜逃到国外了。incase以防万一；evenif即使；nowthat既然；ifonly要是……就好了。故选B。9.—HowcomeyourmothercanreadbooksinGerman?—Well，sheonaprojectwithsomeGermanengineersfortwoyearswhenshewasyoung.A.works B.workedC.wasworking D.wouldwork答案B解析依据时间状语whenshewasyoung可知主从句动作同时发生，解除A、D项，依据语境可知，她现在不再和德国工程师共事，只是强调过去的一个事实，解除C项，运用一般过去时。10.—IfeelsonervousabouttheNationalEnglishSpeechCompetitiontomorrow.—.A.Ireallyenvyyou B.GladtohearthatC.Soundsgreat D.Takeiteasy答案D解析Ireallyenvyyou我真的很嫉妒你；Gladtohearthat很兴奋听到这些；Soundsgreat听起来很不错；Takeiteasy别焦急，渐渐来。依据上文“IfeelsonervousabouttheNationalEnglishSpeechCompetitiontomorrow.”可知，对方因为要参与明天的全国英语演讲竞赛而感到惊慌，所以说话者要劝慰对方，让对方放松下来。Ⅱ.阅读理解ACarve，thecountry’sfirstskateboardingmagazine，islookingforapublishingassistanttohelpwithproductionofthisaward-winningpublication.Youmustbesomeonewithideas，energyandenthusiasm；someonewithapassionforgrammar，spellingandcreative，originalcontent；someonewho’shappytogetstuckinandworkcloselywithaunited，committedteam.Youneedtofeelcomfortableaboutworkingtotightdeadlinesandrealenthusiasmforskatingwon’tgoastray(走错方向)either.Responsibilities：·Creatingandresearchingstoryideas·Conductingmediamonitoring(printandonline)·Subeditingandproofreading·Respondingtocustomerenquiries·Communicatingwithfeaturecontributors·Dataentry·Assistingwithlayoutsandpagination(页码编定)·Pictureeditinganduploading·UpdatingthemagazinewebsiteanduploadingcontentintoCMS·Assistingwithmarketingoperations·AssistingwithsubscriptionanddatabasemanagementRequirements：·Tertiary(高校的)qualificationsinEnglish，communicationsorediting/publishing·Excellentoralandwrittenlanguageskills·Excellentinterviewingandresearchskills·Solideditingandproofreadingskills·Abilitytoprioritizeandmultitask·WillingnesstobeahighlymotivatedandcommittedteammemberIfyouthinkyou’vegottherightstuffforthisexcitingroleinpublishing，sendyourresumeandcoverlettertoRexClayton，ChiefEditor：rex.clayton@email.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文，内容有关出版助理聘请。文章主要介绍了职责、职位要求和应聘方式。11.WhatisthepublishingassistantexpectedtodoinCarve?A.Seeksponsorsforthemagazine.B.Providerelevantcustomerservice.C.Collectstoriesforfeaturecontributors.D.Takechargeofthedatabasemanagement.答案B解析细微环节理解题。依据Responsibilities部分中的“Respondingtocustomerenquiries”可知，出版助理的职责之一是为顾客供应相关服务。故选B。12.Whichisrequiredofthepublishingassistant?A.Beingabletogettheprioritiesright.B.Masteringseveraldifferentlanguages.C.Havingricheditingexperience.D.Havingagreataffectionforskating.答案A解析细微环节理解题。依据Requirements部分中的“Abilitytoprioritize”可知，出版助理须要能够分清事情的轻重缓急。故选A。B(2024·苏锡常镇四市高三学情调查)InFlorida，agroupofparentsknownas“thebreakmoms”hasbeenfightingtopassalawguaranteeingthestate’selementary-schoolstudentsatleast20minutesofdailyfreeplay.Inasurveyofschool-districtadministrators，roughlyathirdsaidtheirdistrictshadreducedoutdoorplayintheearly2000s.Disadvantagedkidshavebeenthemostlikelytobeshortchanged(克扣).Accordingtoa2003study，just56percentofchildrenlivingatorbelowthepovertylinehadbreak，comparedwith83percentofthoseabovethepovertylineasimilardisparity(差异)existedbetweenblackchildrenandtheirwhitepeers.Thebenefitsofbreakmightseemobvious—timetorunaroundhelpskidsstayfit.Butalargebodyofresearchsuggeststhatitalsopromotescognition(认知).Manystudieshavefoundthatregularexerciseimprovesmentalfunctionandacademicperformance.Andananalysisofstudiesthatfocusedspecificallyonbreakfoundpositiveassociationsbetweenphysicalactivityandtheabilitytoconcentrateinclass.Inoneseriesofexperiments，researcherscontrolledbreakstarttimes.Somedayschildrenwereletoutat10am，andotherdaysat10∶30.Thekids’attentivenessdecreasedwhentheyhadtowaitlongerforbreak，andrefreshedthemselvesaftertheyplayed.Andwhenfourth-gradersinabreak-freeschoolweregivenaweeklybreak.Anothergroupofresearchersfoundthattheyhadaneasiertimestayingontaskandweremuchlessrestless.Theseexperimentalfindingsaresupportedbyananalysisof10,000questionnairesfilledoutbythird-gradeteachers：Evenasingle15-minutedailybreakwasconnectedwithmore-positiveratingsofclassroombehavior.Perhapsmostimportant，breakallowschildrentodesigntheirowngames，totesttheirabilities，torole-playandtosettletheirownconflicts—activitiesthatarekeytodevelopingsocialskillsandmanagingcomplicatedsituations.InitialresultsfromanongoingstudyinTexassuggestthatelementary-schoolchildrenwhoaregivenfour15-minutebreaksadayaresignificantlymoresympathetictowardtheirpeersthankidswhodon’tgetbreak.语篇解读本文是一篇争论文。文章谈论的是关于学生的“休息”。“休息”允许孩子们设计自己的嬉戏，测试他们的实力，角色扮演和解决他们自己的冲突——这些活动是发展社会技能和管理困难状况的关键。13.Whatcauses“thebreakmoms”tostartafight?A.Pupilslackofoutdoorplay.B.Poorschoolmanagement.C.Absenceofeducationlaws.D.Inequalityamongstudents.答案A解析推理推断题。依据第一段中的“...agroupofparentsknownas‘thebreakmoms’hasbeenfightingtopassalawguaranteeingthestate’selementary-schoolstudentsatleast20minutesofdailyfreeplay.”可知，选A。14.Inoneseriesofexperiments，researchersfindthat.A.childrenbehavebetterwhenletoutearlierB.kidswaitinglongerareunabletostayfocusedagainC.third-gradershavedifficultyinfocusingontasksD.fourth-gradersaremoreconcentratedwithoutabreak答案A解析推理推断题。依据第四段中的“Inoneseriesofexperiments，researcherscontrolledbreakstarttimes.Somedayschildrenwereletoutat10am，andotherdaysat10∶30.Thekids’attentivenessdecreasedwhentheyhadtowaitlongerforbreak，andrefreshedthemselvesaftertheyplayed.”可知，在一系列的试验中，探讨人员发觉，孩子们早一点被放出去会表现得更好。故选A。15.Whatcanweinferifwecanensurechildrenacertainamountofdailybreak?A.Theyescapefromlifeconflicts.B.Theymaystrengthendependence.C.Theyaremoreconsideratetowardsothers.D.Theyareeagertomanagecomplicatedsituations.答案C解析推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“InitialresultsfromanongoingstudyinTexassuggestthatelementary-schoolchildrenwhoaregivenfour15-minutebreaksadayaresignificantlymoresympathetictowardtheirpeersthankidswhodon’tgetbreak.”可知，假如我们能保证孩子们每天有确定的休息时间，我们能推断出“他们对别人更爱护”。故选C。Ⅲ.完形填空(2024·南通泰州七市高三一调)WhenIwas13yearsold，Istoppedspeaking.I’mstillnotexactlysure16—IthinkIfeltthatwordsgotmeintotrouble.Theboysinmyclasswerealways17me，tellingmetoshutup.Oneday，I18intouncontrollablesobsbehindthesportshall.Sothroughoutmy19，Iclammedup—dealingwiththewiderworldonlyinwhispersandshrugs.Myisolation(孤立)ledtoindescribable20thatnothingcouldrelieve.Icouldn’t21orsocialise.Then，at15，apsychologistsaw22inme—shesaidIwasintelligentbut23，andneededtochangeschoolsforafreshstart.Myparentssentmetoadifferentcomprehensive.IknewnooneandIhadthechanceto24myself.Cheeredbythepsychologist’s25inme，Iworkedhardandbecameaswot(刻苦学习的人).Asaresult，myparentswere26.Finallyat20，Iwasreferredtoapsychiatristandhediagnosedmewithamildformofautism(自闭症).Itwassucha(n)27toknowwhatwashappeningthatIcriedonthebusonthewayhome.Ittookafurtherfiveyearsto28again，adecisionthatwasasmuchasurprisetomeasitwastoeveryoneelse.I29myselfhard，becomingmoreconfident.Gradually，I30myspeech.Idefinitelygetmorethanusualpleasurefromtheuseof31.It’sstillsuchafreshexperienceforme32differentwords—onesthatcansoundsocomplex，andcarrysomuch33.WhenIthinkofwhatIhave34，Ifeellikecrying，butIdon’t