五年高考2024-2025高考英语真题分项详解专题01阅读理解之说明文含解析

专题01阅读理解之说明文

【2024年】

1.（2024•新课标I）B

Returningtoabookyou'vereadmanytimescanfeel1ikedi'inkswithanold

friend.There*sawe1comefami1iarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthat

timehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon'tchange,people

do.Andthat*swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.

Thebeautyofrereading1iesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbased

onourpresentmentalregister.It'sti'ue,theolderTget,themoreIfeeltime

haswings.Butwithreading,it'sal1aboutthepresent.Tt'saboutthenowand

whatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthor

andreader.Eachhastopul1theirownweight.

TherearethreebooksIrereadannuallyThefirst,whichItaketoreadingevery

springisErnestHemningway,sMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassic

memoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating（令人沉醉的），anaging

writerlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard's

HolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramb1e（随笔）abouteverythingandnothing.Thethird

bookisJulioCortazar,sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.Andbecause

Cortazar.

WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,which

mightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButTimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeed

wonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor'sworkisthehighestcurrencyareader

canpaythem.Thebestbocksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.But

remember,it'syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstand

yourfriends.

24.Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?

A.Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.

B.It'sawindowtoawholenewworld.

C.It'sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.

D.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.

25.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeas?

A.It'sabriefaccountofatrip.

B.It'saboutHemingway'slifeasayoungman.

C.It'sarecordofahistoricevent.

D.It'saboutHemingwayJsfriendsinParis.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"currency"inparagraph4referto?

A.Debt

B.Reward.

CAllowancc.

D.Facevalue.

27.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.He1ovespoetry.

B.He'saneditor.

C.He'sveryambitious.

D.Heteachesreading.

【答案】24.D25.E26.B27.A

【解析】这是一篇说明文,短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和好处并向读者介绍了作者每年

重读的三本竹。作者激励读者去重新阅读竹籍。

24.推理推断题。依据第一段最终两句"Butbooksdon'tchange,peopledo.And

that,swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.（但是书没变，

人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变更之处）”和其次段“Thebeautyof

rereadingliesinthatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentregister.It

istrue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.（重新阅读的奇妙之处在于

我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时间飞逝。）”

可推知，作者喜爱重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。

25.推理推断题。依据倒数其次段"Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof

1920sParis."及"anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime”

可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年头在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年

时对那些野心勃勃却更简洁的Fl子的回顾。由此可推断出AMovableFeast是关于海明威年

轻时的生活。故选B项。

26.词义揣测题。依据最终一段中"whilemoneyisindeedwonderfuland

necessary,（虽然金钱的确是奇妙而必耍的）”可知，前后句为转折关系，依据上下文的语境

可推知"rereadinganauthor'sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.M

意为“但是但羽新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此推断出划线词的意思是

“回报”.故选B项。

27.推理推断题。依据倒数其次段“ThethirdbookisJulioCortdzar,sSave

Twilight:selectedpoems,becausepoetry.（第三本书是胡里奥•科塔扎的《挽救暮光之

城：诗歌精选》，因为诗歌）”可知，作者是由于喜爱诗歌而喜爱这本书。故选A项。

2.（2024•新课标I）C

Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,while

mostlikelycontributingtcfewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.

Racewalkersarcconditionedathletes.Thelongesttrackandfieldeventatthe

SummerOlympicsisthe50-kLlomctcrracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthan

themarathon.Butthesport*srulesrequirethataracewalker'skneesstay

straightthroughmostofthelogswingandonefootremainincontact（接触）with

thegroundatalltimes.Il'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchan

attractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorof

exercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.

Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomost

calculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout

800calories（卡路里）perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywould

burnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000

ormorecaloriesperhour.

However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norberg

says.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundvithasmuchasfourtimes

theirbodyweightperstep,whi1eracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,create

onlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.

Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchas

runner'sknee,areuncommcnamongracewalkers.ButthesportJsstrangeformdoes

placeconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuch

injuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishing

totryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracerto

learnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.

28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?

A.Theymustrunlongdistances.

B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.

C.Theyhavetofollouspecialrules.

D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.

29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?

A.It'smorepopularattheOlympics.

B.It'slesschallengingphysically.

C.It'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.

D.It'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.

30.WhatisDr.Norberg,ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?

A.GettingexpertsJopinions.

B.Havingamedicalcheckup.

C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.

D.Doingregularexercises.

31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor,sattitudetoracewalking?

A.Skeptical.B.Objective.

C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.

【答案】28.C29.C30.A31.B

【解析】这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的

人，要想从事这样运动要逆慎，最好询问S家的建议。

28.细微环节理解题。依据其次段“Buithesport*srulesrequirethatarace

walker*skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelogswingandonefootremainin

contactwiththegroundatal1times.M可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在

摇摆腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是须要具备

某些条件的运动员是因为运动员须要遵守特别的规则。故选C项。

29.细微环节理解题。依据最终一段“Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuries

associatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncoiunonamongracewalkers.M

可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走

与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。

30.细微环节理解题。依据最终一段Dr.Norberg说的话“Infact,anyonewishingto

tryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearn

propertechnique（事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应当首先询问教练或有阅历的竞走运动

员，学习适当的技巧。）”可知，Dr.Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A

项。

31.推理推断题。依据第一段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswith

running,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,

however,haveitsownproblem.M可知，探讨表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身好处，而

且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题由此推断出作者对于竞走的看法是客观的。

故选B项。

3.（2024・新课标I）D

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeer,thesubjectofscientific

research.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.Astudyconductedin

Youngstown,Ohio*forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperienced

lesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheir

workplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTccnnology（MIT）havetakenit

astepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemto

performdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensors

printedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey*reshortofwaterandaplantthatcan

detectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."We*rethinkingabouthowwccanengineer

plantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatwcuseeveryday,"explainedMichael

Strano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow（发光）inexperimentsusing

somecommonvegetables.Strano*steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlight

forthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneeded

toreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedto

lighttheroomsoreventcturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversioncfthetechnologythatcan

besprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant*s

lifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonendoff"switch"wherethe

glowwou1dfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforaoout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Since

lightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（电源）-suchasthedistancefrom

apowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduring

transmission（传输）.

Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

33.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?

A.Todetectplants*lackofwater

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants

C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

34.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?

A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.

B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.

C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.

D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.

35.Whichofthefollewingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Ilowdowc1ivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?

【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.C

【解析】这是一篇说明文,文章主要说明白绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学

院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们独创这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一

些优势，指出在将来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。

32.主旨大意题°依据第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,for

example,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,

employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecorated

withhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项探讨发觉，城市绿化较好的地

区犯罪率较低。在另一项探讨中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会

提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的好处。故选D。

33.细微环节理解题。依据其次段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprinted

ontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmful

chemicalsingroundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的状况的植

物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植

物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的状况。故选Ao

34.细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceand

thereforehelpsaveenergy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由

此可知，这种发光的植物在将来可能有助于削减能源消耗。故选C。

35.主旨大意题。依据最终一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotal

electricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepower

source-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-a

lotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistance

andthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电

源，例如从发电厂到偏僻4路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可

以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明白绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此

麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们独创这种植物的过程，以及这

种植物的一些优势指出在将来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，

C选项”发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。

4.（2024•新课标II）B

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,

butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoung

childrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween

ages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobea

significantpredictorofcognition（认知）aftercontrollingfordifferencesin

parents'income,educaticnandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduring

everydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and

46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,

ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate（旋转）andtranslateshapes,“Levine

saidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,

andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-income

parentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboys

andgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystended

toplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmore

spatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

24.Inwhichaspectdechildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?

A.Buildingconfidence.B.Developingspatialskills.

C.Learningself-control.D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.

25.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?

A.ParentsJage.B.Children'simagination.

C.Parents,education.D.Child-parentrelationship.

26.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?

A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.

B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.

C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.

D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.

27.Whatisthetextirainlyabout?

A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.

C.AwomanpsychologistD.Ateachingprogram.

【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.B

【解析】本文是说明文•是关于孩子们玩智力嬉戏的探讨，介绍了探讨考虑的因素，探

讨过程和结果。

24.细微环节理解题。依据其次段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween

ages2and4developbetterspatialskill（在2岁到4岁之间玩智力嬉戏的儿童在空间

实力方面更好）可知孩子们可以从智力嬉戏中发展更好的空间技能B.Developingspatial

skills（发展空间实力）符合以上说法，故选B项。

25.细微环节理解题。依据其次段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificant

predictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferenceinparents*income,

educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.（Levine说，在限制了不同父

母的收入、教化和父母谈话次数后，拼图嬉戏被发觉是一个重要的认知预料）可知Levine

在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教化程度和父母谈话的次数。C.Parents,

education.（父母的教化）符合以上说法，故选C项。

26.细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmore

complexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜爱玩困难的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度

更大的谜题。D.Theyarc1ikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.（他们有可能玩更困难

的谜题）符合以上说法，故选D项。

27.主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力嬉戏的探讨，介绍了探讨考虑的因素，探讨

过程和结果。所以是关于科学探讨的。B.Ascientificstudy（一项科学探讨）符合以上说

法，故选B项。

5.（2024・新课标H）C

Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyour

holidaylist,furprobablydidn'tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion

（时装）enthusiastsarctryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria（海

狸鼠）.

UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave(showcased)nutriafurmade

intoclothesindifferentstyles."Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-free

fur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear",

saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.

ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5

atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlast

month.

NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.

"Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物种).It's

destroyingtheenvironment.sthemorus."saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertin

thisfield.

Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutria

collapsedinthelate198Cs,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.

BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesays

it'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtabout

it.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMoutonJs

jobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.

ThentherersRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays>“Togive

peopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpainton

thcm-1thinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.*,

DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletoconicaroundtotheopinion

thatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocome

upwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.

28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNevOrleansandBrooklyn?

A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.

B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.

C.Tointroduceanewbrand.

D.Tocelebrateawinterhoiiday.

29.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?

A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.

B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.

C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.

D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed“inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.

Crashed.

31.WhatcanweinferaboufwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?

A.It'sformal.B.It'srisky.C.It'sharmful.D.It's

traditional.

【答案】28.A29.A30.D31.B

【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出

海狎鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举

措，科学家们也对海狎鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。

28.推理推断题。依据其次段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave

showcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles."Ilsoundscrazyto

talkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvast

wetlandseveryyear,MsaysCreoMcCrcc,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.得知，

美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格

的衣服，项目总监CrccMcCroe说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪

感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以推断出由于海独鼠对生态造成了巨人的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮

衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。

29.推理推断题。依据第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthatthey

decidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科学家们如此担忧以至于他们确定依据一条海

狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠门严峻破坏生态平衡，。故选

Ao

30.词义揣测题。依据第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,but

whenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimals

multipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的限制,但是当海狸鼠市

场在20世纪80年头末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长依据bul推断这是转折关系，

以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于限制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不

再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相

近。故选D。

31.推理推断题。依据其次段ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeoplea

guilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithink

that'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.”得知，为了给人们一

种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，依

据模恃摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选

6.（2024•新课标IH）D

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillions

ofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基因），theyarefinding

examplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopian

highlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEast

AfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation（突变）thathelpsthemdigestmilk

asadults.

OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreporteda

newkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupof

sca-dwcllingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,

asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,Malaysia

andthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,

they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimply

astrangertotheland,“saidRcdneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcher

whostudiestheBajau.

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthe

Philippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.

“Wcworesoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocal

islanders,Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldsecthemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”

In201,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversity

ofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhave

ledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem,

“itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,M

saidDr.Ilardo.Shealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelp

theBajaudive.

32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?

A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhuman

evolution.

C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.

33.WhoredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?

A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthe

coast.

34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?

A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.

C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandand

water.

35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BodiesRemodeledfcraLifeatSeaB.Highlanders,SurvivalSkills

C.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld5sBestDivers

【答案】32,B33.C34.C35.A

【解析】这是一篇说明文，最近一项对人类基因的探讨发觉，人类的进化不仅仅发生在

数卜亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适

应海洋生活。

32.推理推断题。依据第一段的wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjust

evolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoour

genes,theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousand

years.（我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数H乙年前的产物。当科学家更深化的探讨我们

的基因时，他们发觉了人类在过去几千年进化的例子）可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了

告知我们关于人类进化的一个新信息那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化PB.Newknowledge

ofhumanevolution.（人类进化的新学问）符合以上说法，故选B项。

33.细微环节理解题。依据其次段的TheBajau,asthesepeoplearcknown,number

inhundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhi1ippines.Theyhave

traditionallyliveonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vcalsobuilthouseson

stiltsincoastalwaters.（这些人被称为Bajau,在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数

十万人。他们始终住在船屋上：最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上）可知，Bajau

把房子建在沿海区域。D.Offthecoast.（沿海）符合以上说法，故选D项。

34.细微环节理解题。依据第三段的weweresoamazedthattheycouldstay

underwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders.（我们很惊异，他们在水下待的时间比

我们当地的岛民要长的多）可知，让Jubilad。感到惊讶的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时

间。C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.（他们能在水下待浪长时间）符合以上说法,故

选C项。

35.主旨大意题。依据文章的主要内容，尤其是其次段的OnThursdayinanarticle

publishedinCell,ateamofre