黑龙江省2021届高三年级上册12月月考英语试题

哈一中2020—2021学年度上学期12月月考

高三英语试题

第I卷

1.答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上所对应题目的答案标号框涂黑。如

需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号框。不能答在本试卷上，否则

无效。

第一部分：听力

第一节

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中

选出最佳选项并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟时间

来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whatdoesthewomanorder?

A.Fish.B.Beef.C.Chicken.

2.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?

A.Seeafilm.B.Enjoyaplay.C.Readanovel.

3.Whereisthewomangoingnext?

A.Tomuseum.B.Toarestaurant.C.Toherhouse.

4.Whenshouldthemanarriveatuniversity?

A.By9:30.B.By8:50.C.By8:40.

5.Whatdoesthewomanimply?

A.Themanisn'ttellingthetruth.

B.Themanhadnoreasontobesick.

C.Themandidn'tneedtoattendthemeeting.

第二节

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C

三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你

将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答

时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.WhatarethespeakersgoingtodoonSaturdaytogether?

A.Playfootball.B.Watchagame.C.Attendaparty.

7.HowwillthemangoonSaturday?

A.Hewillwalk.B.Hewillgetaride.C.Hewilldriveacar.

听第7段材料，回答8、9题。

8.Whatdoesthewomandislikeaboutherjob?

A.Theboss.B.Theworkmates.C.Theworkingfield.

9.Accordingtothewoman,whywasshehired?

AShehadalotofexperience.

B.Thejobinterviewerlikedher.

C.Manyemployeesquiteveryyear.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.WheredidMrsKingoriginallyplantogo?

A.ToMiami.B.ToChicago.C.ToLosAngeles.

11.WhywillMrsKinggotoLosAngeles?

A.Todoaninterview.

B.Tohaveasalesmeeting.

C.Toattendtheopeningofanoffice.

12.Whatcouldthewomanmostprobablybe?

A.Anairlineclerk.B.Atravelagent.C.Asecretary.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening.

14.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?

A.Hewillgotoschooltoday.

B.Hecan'tfinishhishomeworktoday.

C.Hecan'thandinhisprojecttoday.

15.WhatrelationisMrBelltotheman?

A.Hisneighbour.B.HisteacherC.Hisclassmate.

16.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?

A.Helphimhandinhisproject.

B.Callhisteachertoaskforleave.

C.Drivehimtothehospitalrightnow.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whatisthetalkabout?

A.Adviceonthechoiceamongcourses.

B.Differencesbetweenthecourses.

C.Requiredandelectivecourses.

18.Whydoeshistoryopenatalllevels?

A.Studentshavedifferentlevelsofhistoryknowledge.

B.Differentcoursesareusuallytaughtbydifferentteachers.

C.Therearemanyculturesandtimeperiodsinhistory.

19.Whatisincludedintheelectivecourses?

A.History.B.Science.C.English.

20.Whatwillthespeakerdoforthestudents?

A.Givethemadviceoncourseschedule.

B.Helpthemsignupforacourse.

C.Findthemroominacourse

第二部分：阅读理解

第一节：

A

Intoday'sglobalworld,moreandmorepeopletraveltoforeigncountries.Crosscultural

awarenessandanunderstandingofforeignetiquetteisimportantifyouwanttosucceedasan

internationalbusinessperson.Behaviourthatispoliteathomemaybeconsideredrudeinanother

country.Inparticular,bylearningaboutdiningetiquetteandtablemanners,youcanavoidoffending

peopleandthiscandirectlyinfluenceyourbusinesssuccess.

JohnSmith'sbookThePerfectGuestisagoldmineofinformationfortheglobe-trotting

businessperson.Therearechaptersdedicatedtoallthemainproblemareasofdiningetiquetteand

entertainingindifferentcountriesandtipsonhowtocopewithembarrassingsituations.

Thesearesomeoftheareaswhicharecoveredinthebook.

Seatingarrangements

Whetheryouareeatingatarestaurantoratsomeone'shome,theremaybeafixedprotocolof

whositswhere.Domenandwomensittogether?Isthereahierarchyaccordingtoageorstatus?

Rulesvarygreatly.Forexample,inKorea,itiscustomarytoofferthebestseattothemostsenior

person;intheUS,therearenospecificseatingrules.Ifyoudon'tknowwheretosit,waituntilyour

hostshowsyou.

Conversation

Isthediningtabletherightplacetohaveaconversationoristhemealtakeninsilence?In

France,forinstance,themealisasocialaffairwithloudanimatedconversationsandmosttopicsare

acceptable,includingbusiness.InJapanorVietnam,ontheotherhand,onlyquietconversationis

acceptableandbusinessisneverconductedatthedinnertable.

Food

Whattypeoffoodispopular?Isitpolitetoremarkonthefood?Shouldyoueateverythingor

leavesomefoodonyourplate?Isilpolitetoaskforthesaltandpepperifitisn'tonthetable?And

howcanyoudealwithafooddelicacythatyoufinddisgusting?InEurope,itispolitetoeat

everythingonyourplatewhereasthiswouldbeconsideredrudeinEgypt.Ifyoucleanyourplate,it

willbefilledupagainimmediately.

1.Whoismostlikelytofindtheinformationuseful?

A.Abusinessperson.

B.Ascientist.

C.Astudent.

D.Asoldier.

2.WhenyouareaguestintheUS,whereshouldyousit?

A.Inthebestseat.

B.Whereyourhostshowsyoutosit.

C.Whereveryoulike.

D.Nexttothesenior.

3.YouleavefoodonyourplateinEgyptL

A.toshowthatyouhaveeatenenough

B.sothatthereareleftoversforthecat

C.toshowthatyoudon*tlikethefood

D.butitisconsideredrude.

4.ThepassagemainlytellsusL

A.crossculturaldiningetiquette

B.culturaldifferencesaroundtheworld

C.howtoimproveculturalawareness

D.whythebookisworthbuying

【答案】LA2.B3.A4.A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。如果你想成为一名国际商务人士，跨文化意识和对外国礼仪的理解很重要，

本文详细介绍了跨文化用餐礼仪。

【1题详解】

推理判断题。由第一段中的uCrossculturalawarenessandanunderstandingofforeignetiquette

isimportantifyouwanttosucceedasaninternationalbusinessperson.（如果你想成为一个成

功的国际商务人士，跨文化意识和对外国礼仪的理解是很重要的。）和“Inparticular,by

learningaboutdiningetiquetteandtablemanners,youcanavoidoffendingpeopleandthiscan

directlyinfiuenceyourbusinesssuccess.w（特别是，通过学习用餐礼仪和餐桌礼仪，你可以

避免冒犯他人，这会直接影响你的商业成功）可知，商人最有可能发现这些信息有用。故选

A项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。由第四段中的“Forexample,inKorea,itiscustomarytoofferthebestseattothe

mostseniorperson;intheUS,therearenospecificseatingrules.Ifyoudon'tknowwheretosit,wait

untilyourhostshowsyou.（例如，在韩国，通常为最年长的人提供最好的座位；在美国，

没有具体的座位规则。如果你不知道坐在哪里，等主人给你展示你的座位），可知在美国没

有具体的座位规则，你可以坐在主人让你坐的地方。故选B项。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。由最后一段中的“InEurope,itispolitetoeateverythingonyourplatewhereasthis

wouldbeconsideredrudeinEgypt.Ifyoucleanyourplate,itwillbefilledupagainimmediately.w

（在欧洲，吃光盘子里的东西是礼貌的，而这在埃及被认为是粗鲁的。如果你把盘子吃光了，

它会马上再装满的），可知在埃及，吃光盘子里的东西是不礼貌的，如果你的盘子很干净，

主人会以为你没吃饱，给你装满盘子，所以可得出你的盘子里有食物，表示你吃得够多了，

不需要主人再添食物。故选A项。

【4题详解】

主旨大意题。第一段讲“想成为一个成功的国际商务人士，跨文化意识和对外国礼仪的理解

很重要，尤其是用餐礼仪和餐桌礼仪”，第二三段讲“约翰•史密斯的书《完美的客人》就

用餐礼仪做出了一些有用说明"，第四段讲“跨文化下的座位安排”，第五段讲“跨文化下

的餐桌对话”，第六段讲“跨文化下的食物”，文章主要介绍了跨文化用餐礼仪。故选A

项。

B

ThethirdweekofSEALtrainingmeansHellWeek.ItisonWednesdayofHellWeekthatyou

paddledowntothemudflats（泥滩）andspendthenext15hourstryingtosurvivethefreezing-cold

mud,thehowlingwindandtheincreasingpressurefromtheinstructorstoquit.Asthesunbeganto

setthatWednesdayevening,mytrainingclass,havingbrokentherules,wasorderedintothemud.

Themudconsumedeachmantilltherewasnothingvisiblebutourheads.Theinstructorstolduswe

couldleavethemudifonlyfivemenwouldquit-justfivemenandwecouldgetoutoftheextreme

cold.

Lookingaroundthemudflat,itwasapparentthatsomestudentswereabouttogiveup.Itwas

stillovereighthourstillthesuncameup—eightmorehoursoffreezingcold.Thechatteringteeth

andshiveringmoans（口中吟）ofthetraineesweresoloudthatitwashardtohearanything.Andthen,

onevoicebegantoecho（回荡）throughthenight—onevoiceraisedinsong.Thesongwasterribly

outoftune,butsungwithgreatenthusiasm.Onevoicebecametwo,andtwobecamethree,and

beforelongeveryoneintheclasswassinging.Weknewthatifonemancouldriseabovethegreat

sufferingthenotherscouldaswell.Theinstructorsthreateneduswithmoretimeinthemudifwe

keptupthesinging—butthesingingwenton.Andsomehow,themudseemedalittlewarmer,the

windalittlelessbitterandthedawnnotsofaraway.

IfIhavelearnedanythinginmytimetravelingtheworlditisthepowerofhope.Thepowerof

oneperson,Washington,Lincoln,King,MandelaandevenayounggirlfromPakistan,Malala,can

changetheworldbygivingpeoplehope.

So,ifyouwanttochangetheworld,startsingingwhenyou'reuptoyourneckinmud.

5.Fromthepassage,wecanseethatbeingorderedintothemudwas.

A.thelastpartofthetraining

B.themostusefulpartofthetraining

C.therealtestofthetrainees*intelligence

D.thepunishmentforthetrainingclass

6.Thetrainingclasssingingtogether.

A.inspiredtheinstructors

B.helpedthemtokillthetime

C.keptthemfromfallingintothemud

D.encouragedthemtofighttheirdifficulty

7.ThewriterdescribedhisSEALtrainingexperiencemainlytotellthereaders.

A.thepowerofalargecrowdofpeopleB.theadvantageofthetraining

C.thewaytobringaboutchangesD.thereasontopromotesinging

8.Inthelastparagraph,thephrase"uptoyourneckinmud"mostprobablymeans.

A.inanextremelydifficultsituationB.inahardtrainingclass

C.interriblycoldweatherD.inalowersocialposition

【答案】5.D6.D7.C8.A

【解析】

本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在进行封闭训练时经历的“地狱周”，因为接受惩罚需

要在泥滩中生存十五个小时。在经历了各种的困难和压力后却没有人放弃，最终大家一起迎

来了黎明，作者也因此从中获得了一些人生感悟。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的AsthesunbegantosetthatWednesdayevening,mytraining

class,havingbrokentherules,wasorderedintothemud.可知，这是在训练时，由于破坏了规矩

而接受的惩罚。故D选项正确。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章的第二段后面的themudseemedalittlewarmer,thewindalittlelessbitter

andthedawnnotsofaraway.可知，大家一起唱歌让人觉得泥滩不再那么难熬了，因此可以推

断，同学们一起唱歌是为了鼓励自己战胜困难。故D选项正确。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章的第三段中的Thepowerofoneperson,Washington,Lincoln,King,

MandelaandevenayounggirlfromPakistan,Malala,canchangetheworldbygivingpeoplehope.

可知，作者认为任何一个人可以通过给予一个人希望而改变这个世界。由此可以推断出作者

叙述他的封闭训练的经历，主要是想告诉读者们带来改变的方式是什么。故C选项正确。

【8题详解】

词义推断题。通读全文可以得知，作者是想借自己在泥滩中生存的经历告诉读者们遇到困难

时应该如何面对，所以“uptoyourneckinmud”的意思是指在极其困难的坏境中。故A选项

正确。

C

AprimaryschoolinBritainhasputupsignstowarnparents,whoareaddictedtoplayingwith

theirphones,togreettheirchildrenwithasmileratherthanstareattheirscreens.Ithasbecomea

commonsightattheschoolgatestoseechildrenrunningtotheirparents,onlytofindthemabsorbed

inreadingnewsande-booksonline,orwatchingtheirfavoritevideos.

NowtheheadmasterataprimaryschoolinMiddlesbroughhasputupsignsatthreeentrances

totheschool.Thesignssay“Greetyourchildrenwithasmile,notamobile."andawomanholding

aphonetohereariscrossedoutinaredcircle.Theheadmastersaid,“Wearetryingtodevelop

students1speakingandlisteningskillsandwethinkitisasimplewaytogetthemessageacross.It

isn'tonlyanissueamongpatents,butalsoemphasizesthatspeakingandlisteningcanhelpstudents

tohavediscussions."

Themovehaddifferentresponses.DanielleParker,aparent,said,UIthinkthesignsare

unacceptablebecausemostparentspicktheirchildrenupwithphones."Anotherparentsaid,"It'sa

goodthing.Greetingchildrenwithsmilescanalsodeveloptherelationshipbetweenparentsand

children.'1Someparentswhenquestionedwerehesitantaboutthesigns.LandonBradley,apupil,

saidheagreedwiththesigns,saying,44Whyshouldchildrenseeparentsplayingtheirmobilephones

allthetime?"

Lastyear,researchwarnedthatparents*obsessionwithcellphoneshadmadesomeneglected

childrenstartprimaryschoolunabletoholdconversations.Almostathirdofchildrenarenotready

fortheclassroomwhenthatstartschool.

9.Whydoestheschoolputupsignsatitsentrances?

A.Toencourageparentstomeetpupilswithsmiles.

B.Todescribeacommonsightofitsschoolgates.

C.Toremindpupilstobecarefulwhilewalking.

D.Tointroducetheprimaryschooltoparents.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph2referto?

A.Playingwithphones.

B.Greetingchildren.

C.Puttingupsigns.

D.Smiling.

11.Whatmaybetheeffectsofparents'obsessionwithphones?

A.Itmayreducespupils'timespentonphones.

B.Itmaydiscouragestudentsfromworkinghard.

C.Ilmaymakestudentsbeaddictedtocomputergames.

D.Itmaycausechildrentolacktheabilitytocommunicate.

12.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothesignsputupbytheschool?

A.Approving.

B.Opposed.

C.Objective.

DIndifferent.

【答案】9.A10.C11.D12.C

【解析】

本文是议论文，英国一个学校在入口处树立标志牌提醒家长用微笑迎接孩子而不是只顾看手

机，呼吁家长多花点时间在孩子身上，以此来提高孩子的交流能力。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段uAprimaryschoolinBritainhasputupsignstowarnparents,whoare

addictedtoplayingwiththeirphones,togreettheirchildrenwithasmileralherthanstarealtheir

screens."英国一所小学贴出了告示牌，提醒那些沉迷于玩手机的家长们微笑着迎接孩子，

而不是盯着手机屏幕。可知学校在入口设牌子的目的是提醒家长用微笑接孩子而不是只顾看

手机，故选A项。

【10题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第二段“Theheadmastersaid,"Wearetryingtodevelopstudents*speakingand

listeningskillsandwethinkjtisasimplewaytogetthemessageacross.”校长说：“我们正在努

力培养学生的听说能力，我们认为这是一种传达信息的简单方式。此处指校长认为用这些标

志牌来提醒家长，多和孩子交流提高孩子的听说能力，让指竖起的标志牌，故选C项。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段“Itisn'tonlyanissueamongpatents,butalsoemphasizesthatspeaking

andlisteningcanhelpstudentstohavediscussions.这不仅仅是专利的问题，更强调说与听可

以帮助学生进行讨论。和最后一段“researchwarnedthatparents*obsessionwithcellphoneshad

madesomeneglectedchildrenstartprimaryschoolunabletoholdconversations.研究警告称，

父母对手机的痴迷导致一些被忽视的孩子上小学时无法与人交谈。可知由于父母在手机上花

费时间太多，忽视了和孩子交流，造成孩子上学后交流能力差。故选D项。

【12题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段“Themovehaddifferentresponses.”此举引发了不同的反应。作

者对不同人的观点进行陈述，最后一段researchwarnedthat…研究警告说，可知作者只是客

观陈述事实，并没有发表自己的观点。故选C项。

D

Ifyou'vespentanyamountoftimeboating,fishing,orbird-watchingatlakesandrivers,you

havemostlikelyseenfishesjumpingoutofthewater.Ihaveseenitmanytimes.Certainly,fishes

willexitwaterindesperateattemptstoescapeenemies.Dolphinstakeadvantageofthebehavior,

formingacircleandcatchingthefrightenedfishesinmidair.Butjustaswemayrunfastfromfunor

fromfear,differentemotionsmightmotivatefishestojump.

Mobularays（蝠蝴aren'tmotivatedbyfearwhentheythrowtheirimpressivebodies—upto

aseventeen-footwingspan（thedistancefromtheendofonewingtotheendoftheother）andaton

inweight—skywardinleapofuptotenfeet.Theydoitinschoolsofhundreds.Theyusuallyland

ontheirbellies,butsometimestheylandontheirbacks.Somescientiststhinkitmightbeawayof

removingparasites（寄生虫）.ButIthinkthattheraysareenjoyingthemselves.

IntheclearwatersofFlorida'sChassahowitzkaNationalWildlifeRefuge,Iwatchedseveral

schoolsoffiftyormoremullets（鳏鱼）movinginbeautifulformation.Theirwell-builtbodieswere

mostevidentwhentheyleapedfromthewater.MostofthetimeIsawoneortwoleapsbyafish,but

onemadeaseriesofseven.Theyusuallylandontheirsides.Eachjumpwasaboutafootclearofthe

waterandtwotothreefeetinlength.

Nobodyknowsforsurewhythefishleaps.Oneideaisthattheydoittotakeinoxygen.The

ideaissupportedbythefactthatmulletsleapmorewhenthewaterislowerinoxygen,butis

challengedbythelikelihoodthatjumpingcostsmoreenergythanisgainedbybreathingair.Itis

hardtoimaginetheywillfeelanyfresherwhenbackinwater.

Mightthesefishesalsobeleapingforfun?Thereissomenewevidence.GordonM.Burghardt

recentlypublishedaccountsofadozentypesoffishesleapingrepeatedly,sometimesoverfloating

objects—sticks,plants,sunningturtle—fornoclearreasonotherthanentertainment.

13.WhatcanwesayaboutthedolphinsinParagraph1?

A.Theyhavegreatescapingskills.B.Theyareeasilyfrightened.

C.Theyareveryclever.D.Theylovejumping.

14.Whatdotherayandthemullethaveincommonwhenjumping?

A.Bothdoitingroups.B.Bothlandontheirbellies.

CBothjumpmanyfeetoutofwater.D.Bothmakeleapsoneaftertheother.

15.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstheideamentionedinParagraph4?

A.Anxious.B.Indifferent.

C.Approving.D.Questionable.

16.WhydofishesleapaccordingtoGordon?

A.Toremoveparasites.B.Toamusethemselves.

C.Totakeinmoreoxygen.D.Toescapeenemies.

【答案】13.C14.A15.D16.B

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了鱼为何要跃出水面，一些人认为是因为情绪的激发和要去除寄

生虫，但也有人认为这些鱼跃出水面可能是为了享受快乐。

【13题详解】

推理判断题o根据第一段Dolphinstakeadvantageofthebehavior,formingacircleandcatching

thefrightenedfishesinmidair.可知海豚利用这种行为，围成一个圈，在半空中抓住受惊的鱼。

由此可推知，海豚能够巧妙地吃掉跃出水面的鱼，说明它们很聪明。故选C。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中Theydoitinschoolsofhundreds.可知蝠鳍成群跳跃。以及第三段

中Iwatchedseveralschoolsoffiftyormoremulletsmovinginbeautifulformation.可知我看至！］几

个由50只或更多的帽鱼组成的鱼群以美丽的队形移动。由此可知，蝠鲸和鲫鱼都是成群地

跳跃。故选A。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段中Itishardtoimaginetheywillfeelanyfresherwhenbackinwater.

可知很难想象当它们回到水里时会感觉更新鲜。由此可推知，作者认为第四段提到的猜想是

值得怀疑的。故选D。

【16题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中GordonM.Burghardtrecentlypublishedaccountsofadozentypes

offishesleapingrepeatedly,sometimesoverfloatingobjects—sticks,plants,sunningturtle—forno

clearreasonotherthanentertainment.可知GordonM.Burghardt戈登•伯格哈特最近发表了一

篇关于十几种鱼类反复跳跃的报道，有时它们会越过漂浮物、树枝、植物、晒太阳的海龟，

除了娱乐之外，没有其他明确的原因。由此可推知，Gordon认为鱼跃出水面可能是为了享

受快乐。故选B项。

【点睛】推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，

结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章

的深层涵义。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，

在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分一一推论的前提,从中推测出未知部分一一

推理的结论,切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。如第1小题，根据第一段Dolphins

lakeadvantageofthebehavior,formingacircleandcatchingthefrightenedfishesinmidair.可知海

豚利用这种行为，围成一个圈，在半空中抓住受惊的鱼。由此可推知，海豚能够巧妙地吃掉

跃出水面的鱼，说明它们很聪明。故选C。

E

Infairytales,it'susuallytheprincessthatneedsprotecting.AtGoogleinSiliconValley,the

princessistheonedefendingthecastle.ParisaTabrizisa31-year-oldwithperhapsthemostunique

jobtitleinengineering-''GoogleSecurityPrincess”.Herjobistohackintothemostpopularweb

browser（浏览器）ontheplanet,tryingtofindweaknessesinthesystembeforethe“blackhats^^do.

TodefeatGoogle'sattackers,Tabrizmustfirstlythinklikethem.

Tabriz'srolehasevolveddramaticallyintheeightyearssinceshefirststartedworkingat

Google.Backthen,theyounggraduatefromIllinoisUniversitywasoneof50security

engineers-todaythereareover500.

Cybercrime（网络犯罪）hascomealongwayinthepastdecade-fromtheNigerianPrince

Scamtocreditcardtheft.Tabriz*sbiggestconcernnowisthepeoplewhofindbugsinGoogle's

software,andselltheinformationtogovernmentsorcriminals.Tofightagainstthis,thecompany

hassetupaVulnerabilityRewardsProgram,payinganywherefrom$100to$20,000forreported

mistakes.

It*saworldawayfromTabriz'scomputer-freechildhoodhomeinChicago.Thedaughterofan

Iranian-Americandoctorfather,andPolish-Americannursemother,Tabrizhadlittlecontactwith

computersuntilshestartedstudyingengineeringatcollege.Gazeacrossaline-upofGoogle

securitystafftodayandyou'llfindwomenlikeTabrizarefewandfarbetween（稀少的）--though

inthelastfewyearsshehashiredmorefemaletechgeniuses.Sheadmitsthere*sanobviousgender

disequilibriuminSiliconValley.

Funnilyenough,duringtrainingsessionsTabrizfirstasksnewcolleaguestohackintonota

computer,butavendingmachine.Tabriz'sjobisasmuchabouttechnologicalknow-how（专门知

识）asunderstandingthepsychologyofattackers.

17.WhatcanwelearnaboutTabrizfromthepassage?

A.ShewasthefirstfemaleengineeratGoogle.

B.Shemustthinkdifferentlysoastodefeattheattackers.

C.Herjobrelatestonotonlytechnologybutalsopsychology.

D.Herfrequentcontactwithcomputersinchildhoodbenefitsheralot.

18.WhyhasGooglesetupaVulnerabilityRewardsProgram?

A.ToprotectGoogleagainstcybercrime.

B.TomonitorthenormaloperationofGoogle.

C.Tohelpthegovernmentlocatethecybercriminals.

D.Toraisepeople'sawarenessofpersonalinformationsafety.

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disequilibrium“inParagraph4referto?

A.Imbalance.B.Preference.

C.Difference.D.Discrimination.

20.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?

A.Whatleadstocybercrime

B.The“SecurityPrincess”whoguardsGoogle

C.MeasurestakenbyGoogletoprotectitsusers

D.Howtobecomeanexcellentsecurityengineer

【答案】17.C18.A19.A20.B

【解析】

文章介绍“GoogleSecurityPrincess"ParisaTabriz以及她的工作。

【17题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话Tabriz'sjobisasmuchabouttechnologicalknow-how（专门

知识）asunderstandingthepsychologyofattackers.（Tabriz的工作对于技术的知识和对攻击者

心理的理解一样重要）可知，Tabriz的工作与技术以及心理学都有关系。故选C。

【18题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段的句子Tofightagainstthis,thecompanyhassetupaVulnerability

RewardsProgram联系上文，理解句子中this指代的就是上文说的网络犯罪，可知Google建

立VulnerabilityRewardsProgram的目的就是保护Google免受网络犯罪的影响。故选A。

【19题详解】

词义猜测题。联系上文you'llfindwomenlikeTabrizarefewandfarbetween（稀少的）---though

inthelastfewyearsshehashiredmorefemaletechgeniuses.（你会发现像Tabriz这样的女性非常

少，尽管在过去几年她雇佣了更多的女性技术骨干。）可知，这里Tabriz说的是在硅谷有明

显的性别不平衡。可判断“disequilibrium”的词义是“不平衡”。故选A。

【20题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章向我们介绍了保护Google安全的“GoogleSecurityPrincess”

ParisaTabriz以及她的工作。故所以标题用The“SecurityPrincess''whoguardsGoogle”保护

Google的安全公主”合适，故选B。

【名师点睛】

文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，

一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。（2）语言转述型。这是一类

间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上充分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文

有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。（3）语意理解型。这是一类

深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的

基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的

事实细节题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”（三

项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容）或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容）。

（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先

后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。例如：本文

的第2小题：

2.【解题剖析】此题属于细节理解中的（2）一—语言转述型。正确选项是原文有关词语和

句子的另类表达。

【推理关系】根据题干WhyhasGooglesetupaVulnerabilityRewardsProgram?找至U文章中关

于setupaVulnerabilityRewardsProgram的内容，把答案定位在第三段。

【答案定位】根据第三段的句子Tofightagainstthis,thecompanyhassetupaVulnerability

RewardsProgram理解this的含义，联系上文，可知it指代的是网络犯罪，可知Google建

立VulnerabilityRewardsProgram的目的就是保护Google免受网络犯罪的影响。

【答案】根据分析，可知答案为A。

第二节：

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中两项

为多余选项。

Foryears,pediatricianshaverecommendedthatyoungchildrenwatchnoTV,oraslittleas

possible,becauseitcanleadtoproblemsinschoolandbehaviorissues.21However,

controllingwhattheywatchcanimprovehowtheybehave.

WhenpreschoolerswatcheducationalprogramsinsteadofviolentTVshows,theytendtobe

morecompassionateandlessaggressive,accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalPediatrics.

Thestudy

22Parentsinthefirstgroupwereencouragedtoexchangeviolentshowswith

educationalandpro-socialonesthatstressedcompassionandcooperation.

FamiliesweregivenmonthlyTVguideslistingeducationalprogrammingfortheirarea:shows

suchasnDoratheExplorer",nSuperWHY”,"SesameStreet11and"IfsaBigBigWorld”,

23Thetimethechildrenspentonwatchingviolentprogrammingreducedfromahalf-houra

dayto23minutes.24Familiesinthesecondgroupdidnotchangetheirviewinghabits.

“ThisisthefirststudytotrytochangetheviewinghabitsofpreschoolkidsJsaysDr.Vic

Strasburger,spokespersonfortheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics."That'soneofthesignificances

ofthisstudy.”

Theresults

Afterayear,researchersfoundthatchildrenwatchinglessviolentandmorechild-appropriate

showsscoredbetteronteststhatmeasuredcooperation,awillingnesstoshareor

compromise.25

A.TVbringsmorebenefitstochildrennowadays.

B.ParentswerealsoencouragedtowatchTVwiththeirkids.

C.About600familieswereemployedandassignedtooneoftwogroups.

D.More