《产品碳足迹产品种类规则电动自行车》

ICS43.140

CCSY14

GroupStandard

T/CHINABICYCLEXX—202X

Carbonfootprintofproducts—

Productcategoryrule—Electric

bicycle

产品碳足迹产品种类规则电动自行

车

(EnglishTranslation)

Issuedate:202X-0X-XXImplementationdate:202X-0X-XX

IssuedbyChinaBicycleAssociation

T/CHINABICYCLE16—2023

I

T/CHINABICYCLE16—2023

Carbonfootprintofproducts—Productcategory

rule—Electricbicycle

1Scope

Thisdocumentspecifiesthebasicrulesandrequirementsforquantificationandinformation

exchangeofthegreenhousegasemissionsandremovalsofelectricbicyclesattheproductlevel,

includingrequirementsandguidelinesforsystemboundaries,lifecyclestages,datacollectionand

informationexchangeforproducts.

Thisdocumentisapplicabletothescopeofcarbonfootprintevaluationofelectricbicycleproducts.

2Normativereferences

Therearenonormativereferencesinthisdocument.

3Termsanddefinitions

Forthepurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply.

3.1

greenhousegas

GHG

gaseousconstituentoftheatmosphere,bothnaturalandanthropogenic,thatabsorbsandemits

radiationatspecificwavelengthswithinthespectrumofinfraredradiationemittedbytheearth’s

surface,theatmosphereandclouds.

Note:Unlessotherwisespecified,greenhousegasesinthisdocumentincludecarbondioxide

(CO2),methane(CH4),nitrousoxide(N2O),hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs),perfluorocarbons(PFCs),

sulfurhexafluoride(SF6),andnitrogentrifluoride(NF3).

[Source:GB/T32150—2015,3.1]

3.2

electricbicycle

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bicycle,equippedwithanon-boardbatteryasanauxiliaryenergysource,capableofpedalriding,

electricassistedorelectricdriven

[Source:GB17761—2018,3.1]

3.3

lifecycle

consecutiveandinterlinkedstagesrelatedtoaproductsystem,fromrawmaterialacquisitionor

generationfromnaturalresourcestofinaldisposal

[Source:GB/T24040—2008,3.1]

3.4

lifecycleassessment

LCA

compilationandevaluationoftheinputs,outputsandthepotentialenvironmentalimpactsofa

productsystemthroughoutitslifecycle

[Source:GB/T24040—2008,3.2]

3.5

carbonfootprintofaproduct

variousGHGemissionsofaproductthroughoutitslifecycle,i.e.,thesumofGHGemissionsand

removalsatallstagesfromrawmaterialacquisition,manufacturing,distribution,use,and

disposal/recycling

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3.6

assessmentofcarbonfootprintofaproduct

theprocessofcalculatingandevaluatingthecarbonfootprintofaproductaccordingtoagreed

evaluationguidelinesanddocumentingit

3.7

productcategory

groupofproductsthatcanfulfilequivalentfunctions

[Source:GB/T24025—2009,3.12]

3.8

carbondioxideequivalent

CO2e

unitforcomparingtheradiativeforcingofaGHGtothatofcarbondioxide

Note:Thecarbondioxideequivalentofagreenhousegasisequaltothemassofagivengas

multipliedbyitsglobalwarmingpotential.

[Source:GB/T32150—2015,3.16]

3.9

globalwarmingpotential

GWP

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acoefficientthatrelatestheeffectoftheradiationintensityofaunitmassofagreenhousegasina

giventimeperiodtotheeffectoftheradiationintensityofanequivalentamountofcarbondioxide

[Source:GB/T32150—2015,3.15]

3.10

emissionfactor

afactorthatcharacterizestheamountofgreenhousegasemissionsperunitofproductionor

consumptionactivity

[Source:GB/T32150—2015,3.13]

3.11

greenhousegasemission

totalreleaseamountofgreenhousegases(inmassunits)intotheatmosphereinagiventime

period

3.12

functionalunit

quantifiedperformanceofaproductsystemforuseasareferenceunit

[Source:GB/T24040—2008,3.20]

3.13

systemboundary

setofcriteriaspecifyingwhichunitprocessesarepartofaproductsystem

[Source:GB/T24040—2008,3.32]

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3.14

activitydata

atabulatedvalueoftheamountofproductionorconsumptionactivitythatresultsingreenhouse

gasemissions

Note:Suchastheconsumptionofacertainfossilfuel,theuseofrawmaterials,purchased

electricity,purchasedheat,etc.

[Source:GB/T32150—2015,3.12]

3.15

dataquality

characteristicsofdatathatrelatetotheirabilitytosatisfystatedrequirements

[Source:GB/T24040—2008,3.19]

3.16

cut-offcriteria

specificationoftheamountofmaterialorenergyfloworthelevelofenvironmentalsignificance

associatedwithunitprocessesorproductsystemtobeexcludedfromastudy

[Source:GB/T24040—2008,3.18]

3.17

allocation

partitioningtheinputoroutputflowsofaprocessoraproductsystembetweentheproductsystem

understudyandoneormoreotherproductsystems

[Source:GB/T24040—2008,3.17]

3.18

verification

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confirmation,throughtheprovisionofobjectiveevidence,thatspecifiedrequirementshavebeen

fulfilled

[Source:GB/T19000—2016,3.8.12]

4Principlesandrequirements

ItisappropriatetouseLifeCycleAssessment(LCA)techniquesforevaluatingandquantifyingthe

carbonfootprintofelectricbicycleproducts.QuantificationandcommunicationofGHGemissions

andremovalsattheproductlevelforelectricbicycle.Thisdocumentshallbeusedinitsentiretyif

theuserclaimstomeettherequirementsofthisdocument.

Theevaluationandquantificationofthecarbonfootprintofelectricbicycleproductsshallcoverthe

wholelifecycleoftheproduct,includingthestagesofrawmaterialacquisition,production,

distribution,use,anddisposal.Duringtheevaluationofproductcarbonfootprint,theprinciplesof

relevance,completeness,consistency,accuracy,andtransparencyshallbeconsidered.

Iftheproductcarbonfootprintevaluationandquantificationresultsbasedonthisdocumentare

usedforexternalcommunicationtothepublic,theusershallsimultaneouslydiscloseallthe

specificinformationoftheproductspecifiedinthisdocument.

5Productcategoryanddescription

5.1Productcategory

Thecompositionoftheelectricbicycleshallincludemotor,battery,electricalsystem,frameand

ironpartssystem,steeringsystem,brakingsystem,drivingandtransmissionsystem,appearance

system,etc.oralternativeswithequalfunction.

5.2Productdescription

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Electricbicycleproductdescriptionsshallenabletheusertoclearlyidentifytheproduct,including

butnotlimitedto:

a)Productname;

b)Productinformation;

c)Productionplantandaddress;

d)Manufactureandaddress(whenthemanufacturerandproductionplantaredifferent

organizationsorcorporations);

e)Product’sCCCcertificationnumber;

f)Product’sCCCcertificationmark;

g)Productschematicdiagram;

h)Product’smaintechnicalandperformanceparameters.

6Productfunctionalunit,GHGscategoriesandemissionsources

6.1Productfunctionalunit

Travelserviceprovidedperunitofmileagetraveledduringthelifecycleofanelectricbicycle.An

exampleofdeterminingtheproductfunctionalunitisthetravelserviceprovidedbyanelectric

bicycletraveling1km.

6.2GHGscategories

Thecarbonfootprintevaluationofelectricbicycleproductsshallincludethefollowinggreenhouse

gaseswithinthelifecycle:carbondioxide(CO2),methane(CH4),nitrousoxide(N2O),

hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs),perfluorocarbons(PFCs),sulfurhexafluoride(SF6)andnitrogen

trifluoride(NF3).

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6.3Emissionsources

TheGHGemissionsourcesinvolvedinthecarbonfootprintevaluationofelectricbicycleproducts

asGHGemissionsfromvariousstages,processes,inputsandoutputswithintheproductlifecycle,

includingbutnotlimitedto:

a)Energyuse;

b)Combustionprocesses;

c)Chemicalreactions;

d)Lossesofrefrigerantandotherfugitivegases;

e)Operation;

f)Serviceprovisionanddelivery;

g)Wastes.

7Systemboundary

7.1Productlifecycleprocess

Theelectricbicycleisaconsumerend-useproduct,andthesystemboundaryisestablishedfor

theentirebusiness-consumerlifecycleprocess,i.e.,fromtheacquisitionofrawmaterialstotheend

ofthelifecycleofproductdisposal,asshowninFigure1.

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Figure1Diagramofwholelifecyclesystemboundaryofanelectricbicycle

Note:Dependingontheactualsituationofthesupplychainordifferentproductionfunctionsettings,

eachproductionplantmayhavesomeoralloftheintermediatematerials,pre-processing,and

partsproductionincludedintherawmaterialacquisitionstage.Anexampleoftheproducingcases

isshowninFigure1.

7.2Productlifecyclestages

7.2.1Rawmaterialacquisition

Therawmaterialacquisitionstagebeginswiththeacquisitionofresourcesfromnatureandends

withthearrivalofrawmaterialsattheproductmanufacturingplant.Thisstageincludes：

a)Extractionandprocessingoffinalproducts’rawmaterialssuchassteel,plastics,rubber,etc.;

b)Pre-treatmentandpre-processingofrawmaterials,transportationofrawmaterialsand

packagingmaterialsfromsupplierstotheproductionsite:

c)Processingofpartsandcomponentsoutsidetheproductionplant(ifany);

d)Others.

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7.2.2Manufacturing

Themanufacturingphasebeginswhenrawmaterialsandproductparts(ifany)enterthe

productionplantandendswhentheproductsleavetheproductionplantuponcompletionof

production.Thisstageincludes:

a)Theproductionandprocessingofeachrawmaterialandeachproductpartandcomponent;

b)Transportationintheproductionprocess;

c)Assemblyandinstallation;

d)Inspectionandpackaging;

e)Productionprocesswastedisposal;

f)Othermanufacturingprocesses.

7.2.3Distribution

Thedistributionphasebeginswhentheproductleavestheproductionplantandendswhenthe

consumeracquiresit.Thisstageincludes:

a)Alltypesoftransportationbetweentheproductionplantandthedistributiondestination;

b)Transshipmentandstorage;

c)Wholesaleandretail;

d)Others.

7.2.4Use

Theusestagebeginswhentheproductisacquiredbytheconsumerandendswhentheproductis

discardedandtransportedtoadisposalpoint.Thisstageincludes:

a)Electricityconsumedintheusestage;

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b)Repairandmaintenance;

c)Others.

7.2.5Wastedisposal

Thewastedisposalstagebeginswiththetransportationofwasteelectricbicyclestothewaste

disposalpointandendswithwastedisposalorreuse.Thisstageincludes:

a)Wastecollectiontransportationandmanagement;

b)Wastedisassembly,crushingandclassification;

c)Transportationofwasteparts;

d)Recycling;

e)Otherrecyclinganddisposalprocesses.

7.3Systemboundaryexclusion

Theproductsystemboundaryshallexcludeprocessesemissionsthatarenotdirectlyrelatedto

assessingtheproduct,including:

a)Humanphysicalenergyinputtotheprocessesand/orpre-treatmentprocesses;

b)Transportationofconsumerstoandfromretailpurchaselocations;

c)Employeecommutertransportation;

d)Livestockfortransportationservices;

e)Plantcapitalgoods;

f)Groupactivitiesandservices(e.g.,R&D,marketing);

g)Auxiliaryoperations(e.g.,facilitylighting,officeairconditioning).

Aprocessmaybeexcludedfromthesystemboundaryifallofthefollowingconditionsaremet:

a)Datagapsoccurwhenprimaryorsecondarydatacannotbecollected;

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b)Theextrapolatedandrepresentativedatacannotbeconfirmedandthusthedatagapscannot

befilled;

c)Thedataisconfirmedinsignificantbyestimation.

8Data

8.1Calculationmethod

ThecarbonfootprintevaluationofelectricbicycleproductsiscalculatedaccordingtoEquation(1)

andEquation(2).

………（1）

�

��=�=���

where:

——Totalgreenhousegasemissionsoverthelifecycleoftheproduct,inkilogramsofcarbon

��

dioxideequivalent（kgCO2e）；

——Totalgreenhousegasemissionsateachstageoftheproductlifecycle,inkilogramsof

��

carbondioxideequivalent（kgCO2e）；

i——stageswithintheproductlifecycle,i=1,2,3,…,k.

where，

）…（2）

�

��=�=�(𝑨�,�×𝑬�,�×𝑮��

where：

AD——Activitydata

EF——Emissionfactor

GWP——Globalwarmingpotential

j——Dataondifferenttypesofactivitiesineachphaseoftheproductlifecycle，j=1,2,3,…,k.

8.2Datacollectionrules

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Datacollectionincludesprimaryandsecondarydatacollection.Wherein,priorityisgiventoprimary

datacollection,thatisdirectemissionsdataforallprocessesinwhichtheproductmanufacturing

planthasownership,operation,orcontrol,andcontainsdataobtainedfromspecificprocessesand

specificsitesduringthelifecycleoftheevaluatedproduct.Directemissionsdata,processactivity

data,anddataassignedtothecorrespondingprocessesintheproductarecollectedasprimary

dataiftheymeetthisdefinition.Primaryactivitydataarerequirednottobeappliedtodownstream

emissionsources.

Primarydataarecollectedasfollows:

a)Directlymonitoredorrecorded,e.g.,massofrawmaterialsandcomponentsconsumedduring

theproductionphase(kg);

b)Consumptionofelectricalenergy(kW·h)foraprocess,e.g.:distributionofelectricalenergy

consumptionbasedontargetproducts;

c)Datafromfirst-partyorthird-partylaboratorytestresults,e.g.,rangevaluesperkilowatt-hour;

d)Volume(L)ormass(kg)offossilfuelconsumedinaprocess.

Primarydatacanalsobecollected,ifpossible,forallprocessesinwhichtheproductionplantdoes

nothaveownership,managementorcontrolright,toensuredataquality.Whereprimarydata

cannotbecollected,secondarydatamaybeused,includingliterature,calculated,estimated,or

otherrepresentativedata;preferenceisgiventosecondarydatafrompeer-reviewedpublications,

aswellasdatafromotherqualifiedsources(officialUNpublicationsorUN-supported

organizationspublications).

Datathatdonotmeetthedefinitionofprimarydataarecollectedassecondarydata,whichare

collectedasfollows:

a)Officiallypublishedlife-cycleGHGemissionsdataforarawmaterialorproductcomponentby

governments,administrativedepartments,industryassociations,researchinstitutes,etc;

b)LCAsoftwaredatabaserecognizedbyinternationalorgovernments;

c)Literaturedata,empiricalvaluesofexpertsintheindustry;

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d)Averageoffuelconsumptionforaprocessobtainedfromlifecycledatabases;

e)Industryaveragekilogramsofmaterialenteredforaprocess;

f)Lifecycledataforthetargetproduct,usingasanapproximationtheelectricalenergyconsumed

withinanothersimilarprocess;

g)Dataforasimilarprocessoractivitycontrolledbytheproductionplantoritssuppliers.

Iftheproductisproducedcontinuously,datacollectiononGHGemissionsshallcontinueforat

leastoneyear.Iftheproductisproducedandsoldinashortercycleanddoesnotlastmorethan

oneyear,datacollectiononGHGemissionsshalllastforatleastonequarter.

Thedataprovided,whetherprimaryorsecondary,shallbeprovidedwithsourcesandsupporting

information.Primarydatashallalsobereproducible,suchasproductionreports,invoices,original

recordforms,textsofdatareleasedocuments,etc.

8.3Dataqualityrequirements

Indeterminingtheprimaryandsecondarydatausedintheproductcarbonfootprintevaluation

process,dataqualityrequirementsshallbespecified,andtherequirementsshallincludethe

following:

a)Temporalcoverage:priorityshallbegiventotheyearofthedataandtheshortesttimeperiod

forwhichthedataarecollected,aswellastemporaldataforthespecificproductbeingevaluated;

b)Geographicalcharacteristics:priorityshallbegiventodataspecifictotheproductforwhichthe

dataarecollectedinthegeographicalarea(e.g.,district,region);

c)Technicalcoverage:priorityshallbegiventowhetherthedataareforaspecifictechnologyora

mixedsetoftechnologies,andtothespecifictechnicaldatafortheproduct(e.g.,thestandard

methodusedinrangevaluesperkilowatt-hourtestduringtheusephase);

d)Accuracyofinformation(e.g.,data,models,andassumptions),priorityshallbegiventothe

mostaccuratedata;

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e)Accuracy:priorityshallbegiventotherangeofvariability(e.g.,variance)ofeachdata

representationvalue,aswellastothemoreaccurate(i.e.,withtheloweststatisticalvariance)data;

f)Completeness:thepercentageofthedatameasuredandthedegreeofrepresentativenessof

thedata(samplingrange,periodicityofmeasurements,etc.);

g)Consistency:dataselectionshallbecarriedoutinauniformmanneracrosstheprocessesof

theevaluationanalysis;

h)Reproducibility:theextenttowhichinformationaboutthemethodsanddatavalueswouldallow

independent,dedicatedpersonstoreproducetheresultsofthestudyandmakequalitative

evaluations;

i)Datasources,concerningtheprimaryorsecondarynatureofthedata.

8.4Dataallocation

Inboundarysettingordatacollection,ifatleastoneprocessisfoundtohavemultipleproductsas

inputandoutput,thetotalemissionsneedtobeallocatedwithintheproductlifecycle.

Possibleallocationscenariosfortheelectricbicyclecarbonfootprintevaluationprocessare:a

commonprocesswithinputsofgenericrawmaterialsorcomponents,electricalenergy,and

outputsofmultipledifferentproductsandwastesincludingtheproductunderstudyandevaluation,

dataallocationshallbemadeaccordingtothefollowingguidelines:

a)Avoiddataallocationasmuchaspossible;

b)It’spreferredtousephysicalrelationshipparameters(includingbutnotlimitedtoproduction

volume,productionhours,etc.)forallocation;

c)Whenphysicalrelationshipscannotbefound,allocatebasedoneconomicvalue;

d)Ifotherallocationmethodsareused,thebasisoftheparametersusedandthedescriptionofthe

calculationneedbeprovided.

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8.5Dataselectioncriteria

Therearevarioustypesofunitprocessdata,andthedatashallbeappropriatelyroundedaccording

tothefollowingroundingguidelines:

a)Allinputsforenergyarelisted;

b)Allinputsofrawmaterialsarelisted;

c)Inputsforitemswherethemassofauxiliarymaterialsislessthan0.1%ofthetotalconsumption

ofrawmaterialscanbeignored;

d)Generalsolidwastethatislessthan1%ofthetotalsolidwasteemissionscanbeignored;

e)IfestimatedGHGemissionsfromasourcearelessthanorequalto1%ofthetotalGHG

emissionsfromtheproductlifecycle,theemissionsmaybetrimmed,butthetotalestimatedvalue

ofalltrimmeditemsshallnotexceed5%ofthetotalestimatedGHGemissionsfromtheproduct

lifecycle.

8.6Datacollectionatallstagesofthelifecycle

8.6.1Rawmaterialacquisitionstage

Whenaproductmanufacturingplanthasownership,operationorcontrolrightofarawmaterial

supplier,primarydatacorrespondingtotherawmaterialacquisitionstageshallbecollectedas

muchaspossible;whenprimarydatacannotbecollected,secondarydataforthatstageare

collected.Datainclude:processessuchasenergyextractionandproduction,rawmaterial

production,intermediatematerialandauxiliarymaterialproduction,partspre-processing(ifany),

packagingmaterialproduction,andwastedisposal;dataonthetypesofcarriersusedin

transportationprocessessuchasrawmaterialtransportation,packagingmaterialtransportation,

andauxiliarymaterialtransportation,thetypesandconsumptionoffuels,loadweights,loadratios,

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etc.;dataonthestorageemissionsofeachrawmaterialandintermediatematerial.Secondary

dataforrelevantlifecyclegreenhousegasemissionfactors.

8.6.2Manufacturingstage

Primarydatatobecollectedatthemanufacturingstageinclude:consumptionofrawmaterialsand

components;consumptionofenergysuchasfuel,electricityandheatconsumedattheproduction

stage;consumptionofwaterforproductionandgenerationwasteandpollutantoutputamount;

wastedisposalattheproductionstage;anddatacollectionofstorageandtransportationemissions

relatedtotheproductattheproductionstage.

SecondarydatacanbeusedforlifecycleGHGemissionfactorsrelatedtotheconsumption

processoffuel,electricity,heatandotherenergysources,pollutantemissionsandwastedisposal.

8.6.3Distributionstage

Thefollowingprimarydatashallbecollectedatthedistributionstageoftheproduct:thetypeof

transportationfacilities,thedistanceoftransportation,thetypeandconsumptionoffuelconsumed,

theloadweightandloadratio.

Thefollowingprimarydatashallbecollectedforthecarbonemissionprocessatstorageandpoint

ofsale:theamountofenergyconsumedbyenvironmentalcontrolssuchaslightingwhilethe

productisinstorage,andtheamountofenergyconsumedbyenvironmentalcontrolssuchas

lightingwhiletheproductisatthepointofsale.

Relevantlife-cycleGHGemissionfactorscanbeusedforsecondarydata.

8.6.4Usestage

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Thefollowingprimarydatashallbecollectedduringtheusephaseoftheproduct:rangevaluesper

kilowatt-hour,andthetypeandamountofpartsreplacedduringthelifecycleoftheelectricbicycle.

Electricityconsumptionduringtheusephaseofanelectricbicycle=totallifecyclemileage/range

valueperkilowatt-hour.Itisrecommendedthatthetotallifecyclemileageofelectricbicyclesshall

besetat60,000km,andtherangevaluesperkilowatt-hourdatashallbemeasuredbyalaboratory

withtestqualification.

Note1:Theaccessoriesreplacedduringthelifecycleofelectricbicycleproductsare:lithium

batteries,brakes,brakeshoes,tiresandothers.

Note2:Electricbicycleaccordingtotheindustry'sexistingaveragelevelofproductlifeandtheuse

oftheactualstatisticalanalysisofthestage,canbesetto:lifecycleofusefor5years,300days

peryear,40kmperday,lifecyclemileageisrecommendedtosetthevalueof60000km.

8.6.5Wastedisposalstage

Ifprimarydatacannotbecollectedforthedisposalofproducts,secondarydatacanbeused.

Whenthewasteisrecycledandnotusedintheproductionoftheproduct,thisrecyclingprocess

shallbeexcludedfromthesystemboundaryoftheproductcarbonfootprintevaluation;whenthe

recycledmaterialisusedasmaterialinanyunitprocessoftheproductsystem,thenthisrecycling

processshallbeincludedinthesystemboundary;whentheheatgeneratedfromtheincineration

processisreusedintheproductsystem,theheatofthereusedportionshallbeoffsetaccordingly.

Thefollowingsecondarydatashallbecollectedduringthewastedisposalphase:

a)Energyandresourcesconsumedintheprocessofproductdisassembly,crushing,sorting,

materialreuseprocessing,partsremanufacturing,etc.,andtheassociatedlifecycleGHG

emissionfactors;

b)Transportationdatarelatedtotheproductwastedisposalstage,includingtransportationmode,

transportationdistance,transportationweight,GHGemissionsperunitmile,etc.;

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c)Disposalmethodsofwasteatthedisposalsite,includinglandfill,incineration,etc.,andtheGHG

emissionfactorsassociatedwithdifferentdisposalmethods;

d)Theweightofthewastetobetreatedatthetreatmentsite,andtherecoveryrateoftheproduct;

e)Dataonenergyrecovery,organicrecoveryorotherrecoveryprocesses;

f)Dataonstorageemissionsatthedisposalstage.

9Productcarbonfootprintreport

Theelectricbicycleproductcarbonfootprintevaluationreportshallinclude,butnotbelimitedto,

thefollowing:

a)Company/organizationdescription,including:

--Company/organizationprofile;

--Contactpersonandaddress,contactinformation.

b)Productdescription,includin